Hungarian matsakaici tanki 40M Turán I An samu lasisin tankin haske daga rigar Landsverk ta Sweden. An bukaci wannan kamfani ya samar da matsakaicin tanki. Kamfanin ya gaza kuma a watan Agustan 1940 mutanen Hungary sun yanke duk wata hulɗa da ita. Har ila yau, sun yi ƙoƙari su nemo lasisi a Jamus, wanda tawagar sojojin Hungary suka je can a cikin Afrilu 1939. Har ma an nemi Jamusawa a cikin Disamba don kawai su sayar da matsakaicin tankunan T-IV 180 na yakin duniya na biyu don maki miliyan 27, duk da haka, an ƙi su ko da samar da akalla tanki ɗaya a matsayin samfuri. A wancan lokacin, an samar da tankunan Pz.Kpfw IV kadan, kuma an riga an fara yakin kuma "blitzkrieg" a Faransa yana gaba. Tattaunawa tare da Italiya game da siyar da matsakaiciyar tanki na M13/40 ya ci gaba kuma, kodayake an shirya samfurin don jigilar kaya a watan Agusta 1940, gwamnatin Hungary ta riga ta sayi lasisi daga kamfanin Czech Skoda. Bugu da ƙari, Jamusawa da kansu sun aika da ƙwararrun Hungary zuwa masana'antar Czechoslovakia da ta riga ta mamaye. A cikin Fabrairu 1940, babban kwamandan sojojin ƙasa na Wehrmacht (OKH) ya amince da siyar da ƙwararrun ƙwararru. Tankin Czech T-21 da lasisi don samar da shi. Matsakaicin tanki T-21 "Turan I". Tarihin halitta. Komawa cikin 1938, kamfanoni biyu na Czechoslovak na gina tanki, ČKD a Prague da Skoda a Pilsen, sun fito da ayyukan don matsakaicin tanki. Suna da sunan kamfani V-8-H da S-III, bi da bi. Sojoji sun ba da fifiko ga aikin ChKD, suna ba da tanki na gaba da sunan sojojin LT-39. Masu zanen Skoda sun yanke shawarar doke gasar kuma sun fara aiki a kan sabon tanki mai matsakaici, S-IIc, wanda daga baya ake kira T-21. Yana da gaske wani ci gaba na sanannen 1935 haske tanki S-IIa (ko LT-35). Sojojin kasar Hungary sun saba da wannan injin a watan Maris na shekara ta 1939, lokacin da suka mamaye Czechoslovakia tare da Jamusawa. A cikin yarjejeniya tare da jagorancin Jamus, an bai wa Hungarian yankin gabashin kasar - Transcarpathia. A can, an kama tankokin LT-35 guda biyu da suka lalace. Mutanen Hungary suna son su sosai. Kuma Skoda, yanzu yana aiki ga Jamus, ya sami misalin kusan kammalawa na T-35 matsakaiciyar tanki, kama da LT-21 (aƙalla dangane da shasi). Masana daga Cibiyar Fasaha ta Soja (IVT) sun yi magana game da T-21. Hukumar Skoda ta yi alƙawarin mika samfurin ga mutanen Hungary a farkon 1940. Bayani na LT-35 Ma'aikatar tsaron kasar Hungary tana tunanin sayen tankokin yaki 180 daga kamfanin. Amma Skoda ya shagaltu da cika umarni daga Wehrmacht, kuma Jamus ba su da sha'awar tankin T-21 ko kaɗan. A watan Afrilun 1940, tawagar soja ta tafi Pilsen don karɓar samfurin, wanda aka yi jigilar shi ta jirgin kasa daga Pilsen a ranar 3 ga Yuni, 1940. A ranar 10 ga Yuni, tankin ya isa Budapest a hannun IVT. Injiniyoyinta sun zaɓi su ba wa tankin makamai da igwa mai nauyin milimita 40 na Hungary a maimakon 47mm na Czech A11 da ya kamata ya kasance. An daidaita cannon na Hungary don shigarwa a ciki gogaggen tanki V.4. An kammala gwajin T-21 a ranar 10 ga watan Yuli a gaban ministan tsaro Janar Barty. An ba da shawarar ƙara kaurin sulke zuwa 35 mm, shigar da bindigogin Hungary, ba da tanki tare da kwamandan kwamandan da kuma yin wasu ƙananan haɓakawa. Bisa ga ra'ayoyin Jamus, ma'aikatan jirgin guda uku ya kamata su kasance a cikin tanki: kwamandan tanki (cikakken 'yantar da shi daga yin aiki da bindiga don aikinsa na kai tsaye: zabar da nuna alamar, sadarwar rediyo, umarni), mai bindiga, da kuma mai lodi. An tsara turret na tankin Czech don mutane biyu. Tankin ya kamata ya karɓi injin Z-TURAN na carburetor mai silinda takwas daga shukar Manfred Weiss. A ranar 11 ga watan Yuli aka nuna tankin ga daraktoci da wakilan masana'antun da za su gina ta. Tankin Hungarian "Turan I" Danna hoton don babban kallo An sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar lasisi ta ƙarshe a ranar 7 ga Agusta. 28 ga Nuwamba matsakaiciyar tanki 40.M. "Turan" aka karbe. Amma ko da a baya, a ranar 19 ga Satumba, Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta ba da umarni ga masana'antu hudu na tankuna 230 tare da rarraba tsakanin masana'antu: Manfred Weiss da MV 70 kowanne, MAVAG - 40, Ganz - 50. Ayyukan aikin Tankunan Hungary Toldi-1   "Toldi" I Shekarar samarwa 1940 Yaki da nauyi, t 8,5 Ma'aikata, mutane 3 Tsawon jiki, mm 4750 Tsawon tare da gun gaba, mm   Width, mm 2140 Height, mm 1870 Ajiye, mm   Jiki goshin 13 Hull jirgin 13 Hasumiya goshin (wheelhouse) 13 + 20 Rufin da kasan kwandon 6 Takaita wuta   Alamar bindiga 36.M Caliber a tsayin mm/ ganga a ma'auni 20/82 Harsashi, harbe-harbe   Lamba da caliber (a mm) na bindigogin injin 1-8,0 Bindigan hana jiragen sama - Harsashi na bindigogi, harsashi   Injin, nau'in, alama karbuwa. "Busing Nag" L8V/36TR Ikon injin, h.p. 155 Matsakaicin gudun km/h 50 Karfin mai, l 253 Range akan babbar hanya, km 220 Matsakaicin matsa lamba na ƙasa, kg / cm2 0,62 Toldi-2   "Toldi" II Shekarar samarwa 1941 Yaki da nauyi, t 9,3 Ma'aikata, mutane 3 Tsawon jiki, mm 4750 Tsawon tare da gun gaba, mm   Width, mm 2140 Height, mm 1870 Ajiye, mm   Jiki goshin 23-33 Hull jirgin 13 Hasumiya goshin (wheelhouse) 13 + 20 Rufin da kasan kwandon 6-10 Takaita wuta   Alamar bindiga 42.M Caliber a tsayin mm/ ganga a ma'auni 40/45 Harsashi, harbe-harbe 54 Lamba da caliber (a mm) na bindigogin injin 1-8,0 Bindigan hana jiragen sama - Harsashi na bindigogi, harsashi   Injin, nau'in, alama karbuwa. "Busing Nag" L8V/36TR Ikon injin, h.p. 155 Matsakaicin gudun km/h 47 Karfin mai, l 253 Range akan babbar hanya, km 220 Matsakaicin matsa lamba na ƙasa, kg / cm2 0,68 Turan-1   "Turan" I Shekarar samarwa 1942 Yaki da nauyi, t 18,2 Ma'aikata, mutane 5 Tsawon jiki, mm 5500 Tsawon tare da gun gaba, mm   Width, mm 2440 Height, mm 2390 Ajiye, mm   Jiki goshin 50 (60) Hull jirgin 25 Hasumiya goshin (wheelhouse) 50 (60) Rufin da kasan kwandon 8-25 Takaita wuta   Alamar bindiga 41.M Caliber a tsayin mm/ ganga a ma'auni 40/51 Harsashi, harbe-harbe 101 Lamba da caliber (a mm) na bindigogin injin 2-8,0 Bindigan hana jiragen sama - Harsashi na bindigogi, harsashi   Injin, nau'in, alama Z-TURAN KARB. Z-TURAN Ikon injin, h.p. 260 Matsakaicin gudun km/h 47 Karfin mai, l 265 Range akan babbar hanya, km 165 Matsakaicin matsa lamba na ƙasa, kg / cm2 0,61 Turan-2   "Turan" II Shekarar samarwa 1943 Yaki da nauyi, t 19,2 Ma'aikata, mutane 5 Tsawon jiki, mm 5500 Tsawon tare da gun gaba, mm   Width, mm 2440 Height, mm 2430 Ajiye, mm   Jiki goshin 50 Hull jirgin 25 Hasumiya goshin (wheelhouse)   Rufin da kasan kwandon 8-25 Takaita wuta   Alamar bindiga 41.M Caliber a tsayin mm/ ganga a ma'auni 75/25 Harsashi, harbe-harbe 56 Lamba da caliber (a mm) na bindigogin injin 2-8,0 Bindigan hana jiragen sama - Harsashi na bindigogi, harsashi 1800 Injin, nau'in, alama Z-TURAN KARB. Z-TURAN Ikon injin, h.p. 260 Matsakaicin gudun km/h 43 Karfin mai, l 265 Range akan babbar hanya, km 150 Matsakaicin matsa lamba na ƙasa, kg / cm2 0,69 T-21   T-21 Shekarar samarwa 1940 Yaki da nauyi, t 16,7 Ma'aikata, mutane 4 Tsawon jiki, mm 5500 Tsawon tare da gun gaba, mm 5500 Width, mm 2350 Height, mm 2390 Ajiye, mm   Jiki goshin 30 Hull jirgin 25 Hasumiya goshin (wheelhouse)   Rufin da kasan kwandon   Takaita wuta   Alamar bindiga A-9 Caliber a tsayin mm/ ganga a ma'auni 47 Harsashi, harbe-harbe   Lamba da caliber (a mm) na bindigogin injin 2-7,92 Bindigan hana jiragen sama - Harsashi na bindigogi, harsashi   Injin, nau'in, alama Carb. Skoda V-8 Ikon injin, h.p. 240 Matsakaicin gudun km/h 50 Karfin mai, l   Range akan babbar hanya, km   Matsakaicin matsa lamba na ƙasa, kg / cm2 0,58 Layout na Tankin Turan I Danna hoton don ƙara girma 1 - shigar da injin injin kwas da abin gani; 2 - na'urorin lura; 3 - tankin mai; 4 - inji; 5 - akwatin gear; 6 - tsarin juyawa; 7 - lever na inji (ajiyayyen) tuƙi na tsarin juyawa; 8 - gilashin gilashi; 9 - Silinda pneumatic na tsarin kula da tanki; 10 - tuƙi lever na tsarin jujjuya tare da haɓakar pneumatic; 11 - rungumar bindiga; 12 - duba ƙyanƙyashe na direba; 13 - feda mai sauri; 14 - bugun birki; 15 - babban feda mai kama; 16 - inji don juya hasumiya; 17- rungumar bindiga. Turan da gaske ya riƙe shimfidar tsarin T-21. An canza makamai, alburusai da ajiyarsa, injin sanyaya tsarin (da kuma injin kanta) an canza su, an ƙarfafa sulke, an shigar da kayan aikin gani da na'urorin sadarwa. An canza kofin kwamandan. Burin Turan 41.M ya kera shi ne da MAVAG bisa ga tankin tanki mai nauyin 37-mm 37.M, wanda aka yi nufinsa don tankin V.4, bindigar anti-tank na kasar Hungarian (wanda hakan ya zama jujjuyawar Jamusanci 37-mm RAK). 35/36 anti-tank gun) da Skoda lasisi don 40 mm A17 bindigar tanki. Ga maharbin Turan, yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da harsashi ga bindigar kakkabo jirgin Bofors mai tsawon mm 40. Bindigogi 34./40.A.M. "Gebauer" daga Danuvia tare da ganga ciyar da bel mai sanyaya iska an sanya shi a cikin turret da a cikin farantin gaba. An kiyaye kututtunsu da kaurin sulke. An haɗa faranti na sulke tare da rivets ko kusoshi. Danna hoton tankin Turan don fadadawa Tank "Turan" a lokacin hayewa. Sashen Panzer na 2. Poland, 1944 "Turan I" daga 2nd Tank Division. Gabashin Gabas, Afrilu 1944 Manfred Weiss ne ya samar da injin silinda takwas na Turan. Ya ba da tanki tare da saurin gaske da motsi mai kyau. Chassis yana riƙe da fasalulluka na “kakanni” na nesa na tankin hasken S-IIa. Ana kulle waƙan waƙa zuwa bogi huɗu (biyu a kan ma'auni na kansu) tare da maɓuɓɓugan ganye na kwance a matsayin wani abu na roba. An saka ƙafafun tuƙi a baya. Watsawa ta jagora tana da gudu 6 (3×2) gaba da baya. Akwatin gear da tsarin jujjuyawar duniya mataki-daya an sarrafa su ta amfani da servos na pneumatic. Hakan ya sauƙaƙa ƙoƙarin direban ya kuma rage gajiya. Haka kuma an sami kwafin injina (manual). An samo birki a kan ƙafafun tuƙi da na jagora kuma suna da servos da ke da goyan bayan injin tuƙi. Tankin yana dauke da na'urorin lura da na'urori guda shida (periscope) a kan rufin turret da kwamandan kwamanda da kuma kan rufin sashin gaba na tarkacen jirgin (na direba da na'ura). Bugu da kari, direban kuma yana da ramin kallo mai triplex a bangon tsaye na gaba, kuma mashin din yana da na'urar gani da ke da kariya ta wani akwati mai sulke. Dan bindigar yana da karamin mai binciken zango. Dukkan tankuna an sanye su da tashoshin rediyo na nau'in R/5a. Tun daga 1944, Turan sun sami allo na 8-mm a kan kayan aikin tarawa, wanda aka ɗora a gefen ƙugiya da turret. Kwamandan sigar 40.M. "Turan" I R.K. a farashin wasu raguwar harsasai, ta sami ƙarin gidan rediyon transceiver R/4T. An shigar da eriya a bayan hasumiya. Tankunan Turan I na farko sun bar shukar Manfred Weiss a cikin Afrilu 1942. A watan Mayun 1944, an samar da tankunan Turan I guda 285, wato: a cikin 1942 - 158; a cikin 1943 - 111; a 1944 - 16 tankuna. An rubuta mafi girma a kowane wata a watan Yuli da Satumba 1942 - 24 tankuna. Ta hanyar shuka, rarraba ginin motocin yayi kama da haka: "Manfred Weiss" - 70, "Magyar wagon" - 82, "Gantz" - 74, MAVAG - 59 raka'a. Sources: M.B. Baryatinsky. Tankuna na Honvedsheg. (Tarin Armored No. 3 (60) - 2005); I.P. Shmelev. Motoci masu sulke na Hungary (1940-1945); G.L. Kholyavsky "The Complete Encyclopedia na Duniya Tankuna 1915 - 2000"; George Arba'in. Tankokin yakin duniya na biyu; Attila Bonhardt-Gyula-Sárhidai László Winkler: Makaman Sojan Hungarian na Royal.