Tankin hasken Hungarian 38.M “Toldi” I
Tankin hasken Hungarian 38.M “Toldi” I
A 1934, a shuka na Sweden kamfanin Landsverk AV, a Landskron, da L60 tanki haske (wani nadi Strv m / ZZ) da aka halitta da kuma sanya a cikin samarwa. Bajamushe mai zanen Otto Merker ne ya aiwatar da wannan na'ura, saboda kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, Jamus ta haramtawa ta hanyar yarjejeniyar Versailles ta 1919 don samun har ma da kera nau'ikan motocin sulke. Kafin wannan, a karkashin jagorancin Merker guda, masu zanen Landsverk AV sun kirkiro samfurori da yawa na tankuna masu haske, wanda, duk da haka, bai shiga cikin samarwa ba. Mafi nasara daga cikinsu shine tanki L100 (1934), wanda yadu amfani da kayan aikin mota: injin, akwatin gear, da sauransu. Motar tana da sabbin abubuwa da dama:
Tank mai haske na Sweden L-60 Tankin bincike ne na yau da kullun, mai kyau sosai. Koyaya, Swedes sun yanke shawarar, ta yin amfani da ingantattun hanyoyin ƙirar ƙira, don ƙirƙirar tanki mai nauyi "duniya", don haka L100 bai shiga cikin jerin ba. An ƙirƙira shi a cikin kwafi ɗaya cikin gyare-gyare daban-daban guda uku a cikin 1934-35. An isar da injuna da yawa na sabbin gyare-gyare zuwa Norway. Suna da tarin tan 4,5, ma'aikatan jirgin na mutane 2, suna da makamai masu linzami na atomatik 20 mm ko kuma bindigogi biyu, kuma suna da sulke na 9 mm a kowane bangare. Wannan L100 yayi aiki azaman samfuri na L60 da aka ambata, samarwa wanda a cikin gyare-gyare biyar (ciki har da Strv m / 38, m / 39, m / 40), ya ci gaba har zuwa 1942. A layout na tanki "Toldi" I:
Danna hoton don ƙara girma Da farko dai nauyin L60 ya kai ton 7,6, kuma makamin ya kunshi bindigar atomatik 20 mm da kuma bindigar injina a cikin turret. Mafi nasara (kuma mafi girma a lamba) gyara shine m/40 (L60D). Wadannan tankuna suna da tarin ton 11, ma'aikatan jirgin 3, makamai - bindiga mai tsawon milimita 37 da kuma bindigogi biyu. Injin 145 hp An ba da izinin isa ga saurin gudu zuwa 45 km / h (ajiya mai ƙarfi 200 km). L60 ya kasance ƙira mai ban mamaki da gaske. Na'urorin nata suna da dakatarwar mashaya torsion (a karon farko a ginin tanki na serial). An shigar da sulke na gaba da turret har zuwa kauri mm 24 akan sabon gyare-gyare tare da gangara. Bangaren fada yana da iska sosai. Gabaɗaya, kaɗan ne aka samar da su kuma kusan ga sojojinsu ne kawai (raka'a 216). An sayar da motoci biyu a matsayin samfurori ga Ireland (Eire - sunan Ireland a 1937-1949), daya - zuwa Austria. Tankunan L60 suna aiki tare da sojojin Sweden har zuwa tsakiyar 50s; a shekarar 1943 sun sami zamanantar da su ta fuskar makamai.
A cikin Maris 1938, kamfanin Landsverk AV ya ba da umarnin kwafin L60B tank (aka m / 38 ko tanki na jerin na uku). Ba da daɗewa ba ya isa Hungary kuma an yi gwajin kwatankwacin (23-28 ga Yuni) tare da tankin haske na WWII TI na Jamus. Tankin Yaren mutanen Sweden ya nuna mafi kyawun gwagwarmaya da halayen fasaha. An ɗauke shi a matsayin abin ƙira don tankin da aka yi da Hungary, wanda ake kira 38. M "Toldi" don girmamawa ga shahararren jarumi Toldi Miklos, mutum ne mai tsayi da ƙarfin jiki. Hukumar da ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen ta ba da shawarar a yi sauye-sauye da dama ga tsarin na tankin. Cibiyar Fasaha ta Soja (IWT) ta aika da kwararrenta S. Bartholomeides zuwa Ladskrona don gano yiwuwar yin waɗannan canje-canje. Swedes sun tabbatar da yiwuwar yin gyare-gyare, ban da canje-canje a cikin na'urorin tuƙi na tanki da birki (tsayawa) na turret.
Bayan haka, an fara tattaunawa a Hungary game da tsarin makaman Toldi. Samfurin na Sweden yana dauke da bindigar Madsen ta atomatik 20mm. Masu zanen Hungary sun ba da shawarar shigar da bindigogi na atomatik 25-mm "Bofors" ko "Gebauer" (na karshen - ci gaban Hungary) ko ma bindigogi 37-mm da 40-mm. Biyu na ƙarshe sun buƙaci canji da yawa a cikin hasumiya. Sun ki sayen lasisin kera bindigogin Madsen saboda tsadar sa. Samar da bindigogin 20-mm na iya ɗaukar nauyin shuka ta Danuvia (Budapest), amma tare da dogon lokacin bayarwa. Kuma a karshe aka karbe shi shawarar da za a yi amfani da tanki tare da bindigar tanki mai ɗaukar nauyin 20 mm Kamfanin Swiss "Solothurn", wanda aka samar a Hungary a ƙarƙashin lasisi a ƙarƙashin sunan alamar 36.M. Ciyar da bindiga daga mujallar zagaye biyar. Matsakaicin aikin wuta shine zagaye 15-20 a minti daya. An ƙara kayan aikin da bindiga mai tsayi 8mm na alamar 34./37.M tare da ciyarwar bel. An ba shi lasisi Mashinan Czech. Halayen wasan kwaikwayon na tankunan Hungarian na yakin duniya na biyu Toldi-1
Toldi-2
Turan-1
Turan-2
Zirinyi-2
Kwangila da chassis na tanki kusan iri ɗaya ne da na samfurin Sweden. Kewayar tuƙi kawai aka ɗan canza. An ba da injin Toldi daga Jamus, duk da haka, da kayan aikin gani. Hasumiyar ta sami ƙananan canje-canje, musamman, ƙyanƙyashe a cikin tarnaƙi da wuraren kallo, da kuma bindiga da mashin bindiga.
Kwamandan yana cikin hasumiya a hannun dama kuma an tanadar masa katafaren kwamanda mai ƙyanƙyashe da guraren kallo guda bakwai tare da na'urori uku. Mai harbin ya zauna a gefen hagu kuma yana da na'urar dubawa ta periscope. Direban na hannun hagu a baka na kwankwason kuma wurin aikinsa sanye yake da wata irin hula mai ramin kallo guda biyu, tankin yana da akwati mai sauri biyar na duniya, babban busasshen clutch da clutches a cikin jirgi. Waƙoƙin suna da faɗin 285 mm. Lokacin da shugabancin Janar din ya koma kan masana'antar Ganz da MAVAG, rashin jituwa ya taso ne saboda tsadar kowane tanki. Ko da samun oda a ranar 28 ga Disamba, 1938, masana'antun sun ƙi shi saboda ƙarancin farashi. An hada taron sojoji da daraktocin masana'antu. A ƙarshe, ɓangarorin sun cimma yarjejeniya, kuma an ba da oda na ƙarshe na tankuna 80, wanda aka raba daidai tsakanin tsire-tsire, a cikin Fabrairu 1939. Masana'antar Ganz cikin sauri ta samar da samfurin ƙarfe mai laushi bisa ga zanen da aka samu daga IWT. Tankuna biyu na farko sun bar shuka a ranar 13 ga Afrilu, 1940, kuma na ƙarshe na tankuna 80 a ranar 14 ga Maris, 1941.
Hungarian 38M Toldi tankuna da CV-3/35 tankuna Sources:
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Bisa ga tanadin yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya na Trianon na 1919, Hungary, kamar Jamus, an hana su samun motocin sulke. Amma a cikin bazara na 1920, an kwashe tankunan LKII 12 - Leichte Kampfwagen LK-II - daga Jamus a asirce zuwa Hungary. Hukumomin sarrafawa ba su same su ba.. Kuma a cikin 1928, 'yan kasar Hungary sun fito fili sun sayi tankunan Ingilishi guda biyu "Carden-Loyd" Mk VI, bayan shekaru 3 - tankuna biyar na Italiyanci "Fiat-3000B" (nadirin Hungary 35.M), kuma bayan wani shekaru 3 - 121 Italiyanci tankettes CV3 / 35 (37. M), maye gurbin bindigogin injuna na Italiya tare da 8-mm Hungarian. Daga 1938 zuwa 1940, mai zane N. Straussler ya yi aiki a kan wani tanki na V4 amphibious wheeled-track tare da nauyin yaƙi na ton 11, amma begen da aka sanya akan tankin bai samu ba.
