Na'urar da ka'idar aikin kwampreso na kwandishan

Kayan kwandishan mota tsari ne mai matukar wahala da tsada. Yana bayar da sanyaya cikin iska a cikin fasinjojin, saboda haka lalacewar sa, musamman lokacin bazara, yana haifar da matsala ga direbobi. Babban mahimmanci a cikin tsarin kwandishan shine kwampreso na kwandishan. Bari muyi nazari sosai kan tsarinta da kuma tsarin aikinta.

Ta yaya kwandishan ke aiki a cikin mota?

Yana da wuya a yi tunanin kwampreso cikin keɓewa daga ɗaukacin tsarin, saboda haka, da farko, a taƙaice za mu yi la'akari da ƙa'idar tsarin kwandishan. Na'urar sanyaya motar ba ta bambanta da na'urar na'urorin sanyaya ko kwandishan gida ba. Tsarkakakken tsari ne tare da layukan sanyaya daki. Yana zagayawa cikin tsarin, sha da sakin zafi.

Mai kwampreso ke yin babban aiki: yana da alhakin kewaya firij ɗin ta cikin tsarin kuma ya rarraba shi cikin madaukakiyar da ƙananan matattarar da'irori. Firijin mai tsananin zafi a cikin yanayin gas kuma a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba yana gudana daga supercharger zuwa mai ɗaukar hoto. Sannan ya rikide ya zama ruwa kuma ya ratsa ta mai karɓar ruwa, inda ruwa da ƙananan ƙazanta ke fitowa daga gare ta. Na gaba, firjin ya shiga bawul na fadada da kuma iska, wanda karamin radiator ne. Akwai rawar sanyi na firiji, tare da sakin matsi da raguwar zafin jiki. Ruwan ya sake juyawa zuwa yanayin gas, ya sanyaya kuma ya tara. Fan din yana jan iska mai sanyaya cikin cikin abin hawa. Bugu da ari, abin da ke cikin gas mai ƙarancin zafin jiki yana komawa cikin kwampreso. Sake zagayowar ya sake maimaitawa. Sashin zafi na tsarin yana cikin yankin babban matsin lamba, kuma ɓangaren sanyi zuwa ƙananan yankin matsa lamba.

Nau'ikan, na'ura da ƙa'idar aiki na kwampreso

Mai kwampreso shine mai hura ƙaura mai kyau. Yana farawa aikinsa bayan kunna madannin kwandishan a cikin motar. Na'urar tana da haɗin bel na dindindin ga motar (motsawa) ta hanyar haɓakar lantarki, wanda ke ba da damar fara rukunin lokacin da ake buƙata.

Supercharger yana zana cikin firiji mai ƙanshi daga yankin matsin lamba. Bugu da ari, saboda matsawa, matsin lamba da zafin jiki na firinji yana ƙaruwa. Waɗannan su ne manyan yanayi don fadada shi da ƙarin sanyaya a cikin bawul na fadadawa da kuma danshi. Ana amfani da man musamman don ƙara rayuwar sabis na abubuwan kwampreso. Wani ɓangare na shi ya kasance a cikin babban caji, yayin da ɗayan ɓangaren ke gudana ta cikin tsarin. An saka kwampreso da bawul din tsaro wanda ke kare naúrar daga matsi.

Akwai nau'ikan kwastomomi masu zuwa a cikin tsarin kwandishan:

• piston axial;
• piston axial tare da farantin swash mai juyawa;
• bladed (juyawa);
• karkace

Mafi yawan amfani dasu sune axial-piston da axial-piston superchargers tare da jujjuyawar diski. Wannan shine mafi sauki kuma abin dogaro na na'urar.

Axial piston supercharger

Gwanin kwampreso yana jan farantin swash, wanda hakan yana tura piston ɗin a cikin silinda don ramawa. Piston suna tafiya a layi daya zuwa shaft. Adadin piston na iya bambanta dangane da ƙira da zane. Za a iya samun daga 3 zuwa 10. Ta haka ne, dabara ta aiki aka kafa. Bawuloli suna buɗewa kuma suna rufe. An tsotse firiji an sallame shi.

Ofarfin kwandishan ya dogara da iyakar saurin kwampreso. Aiki yakan dogara da saurin injin. Yankin saurin fan daga 0 zuwa 6 rpm.

Don cire dogaro da kwampreso akan saurin injin, ana amfani da compresos tare da sauya ƙaura. Ana samun wannan ta amfani da farantin wando mai juyawa. An canza kusurwar jujjuyawar diski ta hanyar maɓuɓɓugan ruwa, wanda ke daidaita aikin dukan mai kwandishan. A cikin compressors tare da kafaffun faya-fayen axial, ana samun daidaituwa ta hanyar rarrabawa da sake haɗa kamawar lantarki.

Fitar da kumburin lantarki

Cikakken lantarki ya ba da sadarwa tsakanin injin da yake aiki da kwampreso lokacin da aka kunna na'urar sanyaya. Kama ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu zuwa:

• bel pulley a kan ɗaukar hoto;
• murfin lantarki;
• bazara da aka ɗora faifai tare da cibiya.

Motar tana motsa kura ta hanyar haɗin bel. An haɗa faifan da aka ɗora a cikin bazara da ƙofar tarko, kuma an haɗa murfin soloid zuwa gidan manyan caji. Akwai ɗan rata tsakanin diski da ƙwanƙwasa. Lokacin da aka kunna kwandishan ɗin, murfin lantarki zai haifar da magnetic filin. An haɗu da diskin da aka ɗora da bazara da juyawar juyi. Mai kwampreso ya fara. Lokacin da aka kashe kwandishan, maɓuɓɓugan suna motsa faifan daga pulley.

Matsaloli da ka iya haddasawa da kuma yanayin rufewa na kwampreso

Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, kwandishan a cikin mota hadadden tsari ne mai tsada. "Zuciyarta" ita ce kwampreso. Rushewar iska mai sanyaya lokaci-lokaci ana alakanta ta da wannan nau'ikan. Matsaloli na iya zama:

• matsalar aiki na lantarki electronagnetic kama;
• gazawar buguwa
• Yawo cikin firiji;
• busar fis.

Bearingauke kayan abu yana dauke da kaya kuma galibi ya gaza. Wannan saboda aikinsa na yau da kullun. Ana iya gano fashewa ta hanyar sauti mai ban mamaki.

Kwandastan kwandishan ne yake yin mafi yawan aikin inji a cikin tsarin kwandishan, don haka sau da yawa yakan kasa. Hakanan ana haifar da sauƙaƙe ta hanyar hanyoyi marasa kyau, rashin aiki da sauran abubuwan haɗin, da kuma rashin aiki da kayan lantarki. Gyarawa zai buƙaci ilimi da ƙwarewa na musamman. Zai fi kyau tuntuɓar cibiyar sabis.

Hakanan akwai wasu halaye waɗanda aka kashe kwampreso, wanda tsarin ya bayar:

• mai girma sosai (sama da 3 MPa) ko ƙasa (ƙasa da 0,1 MPa) matsin lamba a cikin supercharger da layuka (wanda aka nuna ta firikwensin matsa lamba, ƙimar ƙofa na iya bambanta dangane da masana'anta);
• ƙananan iska a waje;
• matsanancin zafin jiki mai sanyaya (sama da 105˚C);
• yanayin zafi na evaporator bai kai kimanin 3˚C ba;
• budewa sama da kashi 85%.

Don ƙarin ƙayyadadden dalilin matsalar matsalar, zaka iya amfani da sikantarar ta musamman ko tuntuɓi cibiyar sabis don bincike.