Na'urar da ƙa'idar aiki na firikwensin oxygen

Oxygen firikwensin - na'urar da aka tsara don yin rikodin adadin iskar oksijin da ya rage a cikin iska mai ƙarancin injin mota. Tana cikin tsarin shaye shaye kusa da na'urar. Dangane da bayanan da aka samu ta janareto na oxygen, sashin kula da injin lantarki (ECU) yana gyara lissafi na mafi kyawun rabo na cakuda-mai. Matsayin iska mai yawa a cikin abin da yake ƙunshe ana nuna shi a cikin masana'antar kera motoci ta wasiƙar Girka lambda (λ), saboda abin da firikwensin ya karɓi suna na biyu - lambda probe.

Wurin wuce haddi na iska λ

Kafin rarraba zane na na'urar firikwensin oxygen da kuma tsarin aikinsa, ya zama dole a tantance irin wannan muhimmin ma'aunin kamar yawan rawanin iska na cakuda-iska: menene shi, menene yake shafar kuma me yasa ake auna shi da Na'urar haska bayanai

A cikin ka'idar aikin ICE, akwai irin wannan ra'ayin kamar Yanayin stoichiometric - wannan shine mafi kyawun rabo na iska da mai, wanda gaba daya ƙonewar mai yake faruwa a ɗakin konewa na silinda na injin. Wannan mahimmin ma'auni ne, wanda akan lissafin isar da mai da yanayin aikin injiniya. Ya yi daidai da kilogiram 14,7 na iska zuwa kilogiram na mai 1 (14,7: 1). A dabi'ance, irin wannan adadin cakudadden mai da iska ba ya shiga cikin silinda a wani lokaci a lokaci, daidai gwargwado ne wanda aka sake lissafta shi don ainihin yanayi.

Yanayin wuce haddi na iska (λ) Shin rabo ne na ainihin adadin iska da yake shiga injin zuwa ka'idar da ake buƙata (stoichiometric) don ƙonewar mai gaba ɗaya. A cikin sauƙaƙan kalmomi, shi ne "yaya iska (ƙasa da) iska ta shiga cikin silinda fiye da yadda yakamata ta samu".

Dogaro da darajar λ, akwai nau'ikan cakuda-mai iri uku:

• = 1 - cakuda stoichiometric;
• <1 - cakuda “mai arziki” (fitowar almara - mai narkewa; rashi - iska);
• λ> 1 - cakuda "siriri" (wuce gona da iri - rashin - mai).

Injini na zamani zasu iya aiki akan nau'ikan cakuda guda uku, ya danganta da ayyuka na yanzu (tattalin arzikin mai, hanzarta hanzari, rage yawan abubuwan cutarwa a cikin iskar gas). Daga mahangar kyawawan ƙimar ikon injin, ƙimar lambda ya kamata ya sami darajar kimanin 0,9 (cakuda "mai arziki"), mafi ƙarancin amfani da mai zai dace da cakuda stoichiometric (λ = 1). Hakanan za'a kiyaye mafi kyaun sakamako don tsaftace iskar gas a λ = 1, tunda ingantaccen aiki na musanya mai saurin faruwa tare da kayan haɗi na iska da mai.

Manufar masu auna sigina

Ana amfani da na'urori masu auna oxygen guda biyu a matsayin daidaitattun motoci na zamani (don injin in-line). Inaya a gaban mai haɓaka (binciken lambda na sama), da kuma na biye da shi (ƙananan lambda bincike). Babu bambance-bambance a cikin ƙira na firikwensin sama da ƙananan, suna iya zama iri ɗaya, amma suna yin ayyuka daban-daban.

Na'urar haska oxygen ta sama ko ta gaba tana gano sauran iskar oxygen a cikin iskar hayaƙin. Dangane da sigina daga wannan firikwensin, sashin sarrafa injiniya “ya fahimci” wane nau'in cakuda-mai da injin yake aiki a ciki (stoichiometric, mai wadata ko mara ƙarfi). Dogaro da karatun oxygenator da yanayin aikin da ake buƙata, ECU yana daidaita adadin man da aka kawo wa silinda. Yawanci, ana daidaita isar da mai zuwa gaɓaɓɓen cakulan. Ya kamata a lura cewa lokacin da injin yayi zafi, ana watsi da sigina daga firikwensin ta injin ECU har sai ya kai zafin jiki na aiki. Ana amfani da bincike na lambda na ƙanƙara ko na baya don ƙara daidaita abun da ke cikin cakuda da kuma lura da ingancin mai canzawar.

Tsarin firikwensin Oxygen da ka'idar aiki

Akwai nau'ikan binciken lambda da dama da ake amfani da su a motocin zamani. Bari muyi la'akari da ƙira da ƙa'idar aiki daga mashahuri daga cikinsu - firikwensin oxygen dangane zirconium dioxide (ZrO2). Mai firikwensin ya ƙunshi manyan abubuwa masu zuwa:

• Wurin lantarki na waje - yana yin ma'amala da iskar gas.
• Wurin lantarki na ciki - cikin ma'amala da yanayi.
• Abun dumama - ana amfani dashi don zafin firikwensin oxygen kuma kawo shi zuwa zafin jiki na aiki da sauri (kusan 300 ° C).
• Solid electrolyte - yana tsakanin wayoyi biyu (zirconia).
• Jiki.
• Guardarin haske - yana da ramuka na musamman (perforations) don iskar gas da za ta shiga.

Wayoyin waje da na ciki suna da rufin platinum. Ka'idar aiki irin wannan binciken lambda ta dogara ne da faruwar wani yuwuwar banbanci tsakanin yadudduka na platinum (wayoyi), wadanda ke da isashshikan oxygen. Yana faruwa ne lokacin da wutar lantarki tayi zafi, lokacin da ion oxygen suka ratsa ta ta iska da iskar gas. Thearfin wutar lantarki a wayoyin firikwensin ya dogara da haɓakar iskar oxygen a cikin iskar gas. Mafi girma shi ne, ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki. Yanayin siginar firikwensin oxygen shine 100 zuwa 900 mV. Siginar tana da sifar sinusoidal, inda aka rarrabe yankuna uku: daga 100 zuwa 450 mV - gauraya mai gauraya, daga 450 zuwa 900 mV - cakuda mai yalwa, 450 mV yayi daidai da yanayin stoichiometric na cakuda-mai.

Oxygenator hanya da rashin aiki

Binciken lambda shine ɗayan firikwensin da ya tsufa da sauri. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa koyaushe yana cikin ma'amala da iskar gas da hayaƙinsa kuma albarkatunsa kai tsaye ya dogara da ƙimar man fetur da kuma ingancin injin. Misali, tankin oxygen na zirconium yana da albarkatun kusan kilomita dubu 70-130.

Tunda aiki na duka na'urori masu auna oxygen (na sama da na sama) ana lura dasu ta tsarin bincikowa na OBD-II, idan ɗayansu ya faɗi, za a rubuta kuskuren da ya dace, da kuma fitilar mai nuna "Injin Injin" a jikin kayan aikin zai haskaka A wannan yanayin, zaku iya tantance matsalar aiki ta hanyar amfani da sikanin bincike na musamman. Daga zaɓuɓɓukan kasafin kuɗi, ya kamata ku kula da Scan Tool Pro Black Edition.

Wannan na'urar daukar hotan takardu ta Korea ta banbanta da na analogues a cikin ingancin ginin ta da kuma karfin bincikar dukkan abubuwanda aka hada da majalisun mota, ba injin ba kawai. Hakanan yana iya bin diddigin karatun dukkan na'urori masu auna sigina (gami da oxygen) a cikin ainihin lokacin. Kayan aikin ya dace da duk shirye-shiryen bincike na yau da kullun kuma, saboda sanin ƙimar ƙarfin ƙarfin lantarki, mutum na iya yin hukunci da lafiyar firikwensin.

Lokacin da na'urar firikwensin oxygen take aiki yadda yakamata, sifar siginar sinusoid ce ta yau da kullun, tana nuna mitar sauyawa aƙalla sau 8 a cikin sakan 10. Idan firikwensin ya fita tsari, to sigar sigina za ta bambanta da abin da aka ambata, ko za a rage saurin amsar da take bayarwa ga sauyawar cakuda.

Babban aikin rashin aiki na yanayin firikwensin oxygen:

• sawa yayin aiki (firikwensin "tsufa");
• bude zagaye na dumama kashi;
• gurbatawa

Duk waɗannan nau'ikan matsalolin ana iya haifar da su ta hanyar amfani da mai mai ƙarancin ƙarfi, zafi fiye da kima, ƙarin ƙari iri-iri, shigar mai da wakilan tsabtacewa zuwa yankin aiki na firikwensin.

Alamar rashin aikin Oxygenator:

• Nunin hasken gargaɗi mara aiki a kan dashboard.
• Rashin iko.
• Rashin amsawa ga ƙafafun gas.
• Ughananan injin rashin aiki.

Nau'in binciken lambda

Baya ga zirconia, ana amfani da titanium da na'urori masu auna sigina na babban waya.

• Titanium. Wannan nau'in ɗakin oxygen yana da nauyin haɓakar titanium dioxide. Zafin zafin aiki na irin wannan firikwensin yana farawa daga 700 ° C. Binciken Titanium lambda ba ya buƙatar iska ta yanayi, tunda ƙa'idar aikin su ta dogara ne da canji a cikin ƙarfin wutan lantarki, gwargwadon ƙimar oxygen a cikin shaye-shayen.
• Binciken broadda lambda shine ingantaccen samfurin. Ya ƙunshi firikwensin mahaukaciyar iska da abin yin famfo. Na farko yana auna adadin oxygen a cikin iska mai shaye shaye, yana rikodin ƙarfin wutar da ya haifar da yuwuwar bambanci. Na gaba, ana kwatanta karatun tare da darajar tunani (450 mV), kuma, a yayin ɓatawa, ana amfani da halin yanzu, yana tsokanar allurar iskar oxygen daga sharar. Wannan yana faruwa har sai ƙarfin lantarki yayi daidai da wanda aka bayar.

Binciken lambda abu ne mai matukar mahimmanci na tsarin sarrafa injiniya, kuma rashin aikinsa na iya haifar da matsaloli wajen tuki da haifar da ƙarin lalacewar sauran sassan injunan. Kuma tunda ba za a iya gyara shi ba, dole ne a sauya shi nan take da sabo.