Na'urar da ƙa'idar aiki na tsarin CVVT

Kowane injin konewa na cikin gida 4-yana da kayan aikin rarraba gas. Yadda yake aiki ya rigaya can raba bita... A takaice, wannan aikin yana da hannu wajen tantance yadda ake harba silinda (a wane lokaci da kuma tsawon lokacin da za a samar da cakuda mai da iska zuwa ga silinda).

Lokaci yana amfani da ƙuƙumma, fasalin cams ɗin wanda yaci gaba da kasancewa. Ana lissafin wannan ma'aunin a masana'anta ta injiniyoyi. Yana shafar lokacin da kwalin da ya dace ya buɗe. Wannan tsarin ba zai iya shafar ko dai yawan juyi-juzu'i na injin konewa na ciki ba, ko kayan da ke ciki, ko kayan MTC. Dogaro da ƙirar wannan ɓangaren, ana iya saita lokacin bawul zuwa yanayin tuki na wasanni (lokacin da bawul ɗin shan / shayewa suka buɗe zuwa wani tsayi daban kuma yana da lokaci daban da mizani) ko aka auna. Kara karantawa game da gyaran camshaft. a nan.

Mafi kyawun lokaci mafi kyau don samuwar cakuda iska da fetur / gas (a cikin injunan dizal, VTS an ƙirƙira shi kai tsaye a cikin silinda) a cikin waɗannan injunan kai tsaye ya dogara da ƙirar cam. Kuma wannan shine maɓallin fa'idar irin waɗannan hanyoyin. A lokacin motsin motar, injin yana aiki a cikin halaye daban-daban, to ƙirƙirar cakuda ba koyaushe ke faruwa da kyau ba. Wannan fasalin motar ya sa injiniyoyi suka ci gaba da sauya lokaci. Yi la'akari da wace irin hanyar CVVT ce, menene ma'anar aikinta, tsarinta, da rashin aiki na yau da kullun.

Menene injina tare da CVVT kama

A takaice, motar da ke dauke da kayan aikin cvvt wani bangare ne na wutar lantarki wanda yanayin lokaci ke canzawa gwargwadon abubuwan da ke jikin injin din da kuma saurin crankshaft. Wannan tsarin ya fara samun farin jini a cikin shekaru 90. karni na karshe. Tsarin rarraba gas din na yawan injunan konewa na ciki sun sami wani na’urar da ta gyara kusurwar matsugunin camshaft, kuma godiya ga wannan, zai iya samar da ci baya / ci gaba a cikin aiki na abubuwan shan / shaye.

An gwada ci gaban farko na irin wannan injin akan samfuran Alfa Romeo na 1983. Bayan haka, yawancin manyan masu kera motoci sun karɓi wannan ra'ayin. Kowannen su ya yi amfani da drive canja wurin lokaci. Zai iya zama gyare -gyaren injiniya, analog tare da tukin hydraulic, sigar sarrafa wutar lantarki, ko analog na huhu.

Yawanci, ana amfani da tsarin cvvt akan injunan konewa na ciki daga dangin DOHC (a cikin su, injin yin bawul din yana da kwalliya biyu, kowane ɗayansu an tsara shi ne don rukunin bawul ɗin sa - tsarin sha ko tsarin shaye shaye). Dogaro da gyare-gyaren tuki, mai sauya lokaci yana daidaita aikin ko dai kawai cin abinci ko rukunin bawul ɗin shaye-shaye, ko don ƙungiyoyin biyu.

CVVT na'urar na'urar

Masu sarrafa kansa sun riga sun haɓaka gyare-gyare da yawa na masu sauya lokaci. Sun bambanta da zane da tuƙi.

Mafi na kowa sune zaɓuɓɓukan da ke aiki bisa ƙa'idar zoben lantarki wanda ke canza canjin tashin hankali na sarkar lokaci (don ƙarin bayani kan abin da kera motocin da ke sanye da sarkar lokaci maimakon bel, karanta a nan).

Tsarin CVVT yana samar da lokaci mai canzawa koyaushe. Wannan yana tabbatar da cewa ɗakin silinda an cika shi da kyau tare da sabon yanki na cakuda iska / mai, ba tare da la'akari da saurin crankshaft ba. Wasu gyare-gyare an tsara su don aiki kawai rukunin bawul ɗin shan ruwa, amma akwai kuma zaɓuɓɓuka waɗanda ke shafar rukunin bawul ɗin sharar suma.

Na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa irin masu sauya lokaci suna da na'ura mai zuwa:

• Bawul mai kulawa da haske;
• Tace mai;
• Hannun lantarki (ko mai aiki wanda ke karɓar sigina daga ECU).

Don tabbatar da iyakar daidaito na tsarin, ana shigar da kowane ɗayan abubuwanta a cikin silinda. Ana buƙatar tace a cikin tsarin, tunda abin yana aiki saboda matsin mai. Ya kamata a tsabtace shi lokaci-lokaci ko sauya shi azaman ɓangare na kiyayewar yau da kullun.

1. Hydraulic kama; 2. Bawul mai sarrafawa; 3. Tace.

Ana iya shigar da kama mai aiki da ruwa ba wai kawai akan rukunin bawul na shiga ba, har ma akan mashiga. A yanayi na biyu, ana kiran tsarin da DVVT (Dual). Additionari, ana saka waɗannan na'urori masu auna firikwensin a ciki:

• DPRV (yana ɗaukar kowane juyin juya halin camshaft / s, kuma yana watsa motsi zuwa ECU);
• DPKV (yana rikodin saurin crankshaft, kuma yana watsa motsi zuwa ECU). An bayyana na'urar, gyare-gyare daban-daban da ka'idar aikin wannan firikwensin daban.

Dangane da sigina daga waɗannan na'urori masu auna sigina, microprocessor yana ƙayyade yadda matsin lamba yakamata ya kasance domin camshaft ya ɗan sauya kusurwar juyawa daga madaidaicin matsayi. Bugu da ari, motsawar yana zuwa bawul din dusar ƙanƙara, ta inda ake samar da mai zuwa haɗuwa da ruwa. Wasu gyare-gyare na zobba na lantarki suna da nasu famfo na mai, wanda ke daidaita matsin lamba a cikin layi. Wannan tsarin tsarin shine mafi daidaitaccen gyara.

A madadin madadin tsarin da aka tattauna a sama, wasu masu kera motocin suna ba da ƙarfin wutan su tare da sauƙaƙa sauye-sauye na masu sauya lokaci tare da sauƙaƙa ƙirar. Ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar haɗi mai sarrafa ruwa. Wannan gyaran yana da na'ura mai zuwa:

• Hannun lantarki;
• Hall firikwensin (karanta game da aikinsa a nan). An sanya shi a kan camshafts. Lambar su ta dogara da tsarin tsarin;
• Coupunƙun ruwa masu haɗuwa don duka kambu;
• An sanya na'ura mai juzuwar wuta a kowane kama;
• Masu rarraba wutar lantarki don kowane camshaft.

Wannan gyaran yana aiki kamar haka. Lokaci mai sauya lokaci yana cikin gida. Ya ƙunshi wani ɓangare na ciki, rotor mai juyawa, wanda aka haɗe zuwa camshaft. Sashin waje yana juyawa saboda sarkar, kuma a cikin wasu nau'ikan raka'a - belin lokaci. An haɗa ɓangaren tuki zuwa crankshaft. Akwai rami mai cike da mai tsakanin waɗannan sassan.

Ana tabbatar da juyawar rotor ta matsin lamba a cikin tsarin man shafawa. Saboda wannan, akwai ci gaba ko raguwar rarraba gas. Babu wani famfon mai a cikin wannan tsarin. Ana samar da mai ta babban mai busa mai. Lokacin da saurin injin ya yi ƙasa, matsin lamba a cikin tsarin ya yi ƙasa, don haka ana buɗe bawul ɗin ci gaba daga baya. Sakin kuma yana faruwa daga baya. Yayin da hanzari ya tashi, matsa lamba a cikin tsarin shafawa yana karuwa, kuma rotor ya dan juya kadan, saboda abin da sakin ya faru a baya (an kafa kwatancen bawul). Hakanan bugun abincin yana farawa tun fiye da lokacin rago, lokacin da matsin lamba a cikin tsarin yayi rauni.

Lokacin da aka fara injin, kuma a cikin wasu ƙirar mota yayin lokacin da injin konewa na ciki ke aiki, ana toshe rotor na haɗuwa da ruwa kuma yana da madaidaiciyar haɗuwa tare da camshaft. Don haka a daidai lokacin da ake fara amfani da naúrar, ana cika silinda yadda ya kamata, ana saita lokutan lokaci zuwa yanayin saurin saurin injin ƙone ciki. Lokacin da yawan juyi na crankshaft ya karu, shifter din lokaci zai fara aiki, saboda haka ne ake gyara fasalin dukkan silinda a lokaci guda.

A cikin sauye-sauye da yawa na haɗin haɗin hydraulic, ana amfani da rotor saboda rashin mai a cikin ramin aiki. Da zaran mai ya shiga tsakanin sassan, a matsin lamba ana cire su daga juna. Akwai injiniyoyi waɗanda a ciki aka saka matosai biyu masu haɗawa / raba waɗannan sassan, tare da toshe rotor.

CVVT haɗawa

A cikin ƙirar haɗin haɗin ruwa na cvvt, ko mai sauya lokaci, akwai kaya tare da haƙoran kaifi, waɗanda aka gyara su a jikin injin ɗin. Ana saka bel ɗin lokaci (sarka) a kai. A cikin wannan injin, an haɗa gear da rotor wanda aka manne shi da sandar aikin rarraba gas. Akwai ramuka tsakanin waɗannan abubuwan, waɗanda aka cika su da mai yayin da na'urar ke gudana. Daga matsin man shafawa a cikin layin, an katse abubuwan, kuma an canza wata 'yar kusurwa ta juyawar camshaft.

Theungiyar kamawa ta ƙunshi:

• Rotor;
• Stator;
• Kullewa fil.

Ana buƙatar ɓangare na uku don sauyin lokaci ya ba motar damar shiga yanayin gaggawa idan ya cancanta. Wannan na faruwa, alal misali, lokacin da matsin mai ya ragu sosai. A wannan gaba, fil ɗin yana motsawa cikin tsagi na maɓallin tarko da rotor. Wannan ramin ya dace da tsakiyar matsayin camshaft. A wannan yanayin, ingancin cakuda za'a kiyaye shi ne kawai a matsakaicin gudu.

Yadda VVT Control Valve Solenoid yake Aiki

A cikin tsarin cvvt, ana buƙatar bawul na solenoid don sarrafa matsi na mai mai shiga cikin ramin aiki na mai sauya lokaci. Tsarin yana da:

• Toshe;
• Mai haɗawa;
• Bazara;
• Gidaje;
• Bawul;
• Hanyoyin samar da mai da magudanan ruwa;
• Tuddan

Ainihin, bawul ne na lantarki. Microprocessor ne na tsarin sarrafa motar. Ana samun gogewa daga ECU, daga abin da ake haifar da electromagnet. Spool din yana motsawa ta cikin abun duriyar. Shugabancin kwararar mai (ya bi ta tashar da ta dace) an ƙaddara ta wurin matsayin abin ɗamarar.

Yadda yake aiki

Don fahimtar menene aikin mai sauya lokaci, bari muyi la'akari da lokacin bawul kanta, lokacin da yanayin aiki na motar ya canza. Idan har mun raba su da sharadi, to akwai irin wadannan hanyoyin guda biyar:

1. Idling ya juya. A cikin wannan yanayin, ƙarancin lokaci da ƙirar ƙira suna da ƙaramar juyi. Don hana ɗimbin iskar gas da ke shayewa daga shiga yankin shan abinci, ya zama dole a canza kwana jinkiri zuwa buɗewar bawul ɗin sha daga baya. Godiya ga wannan daidaitawar, injin ɗin zai yi aiki sosai, ƙarancinsa zai zama mai ƙarancin guba, kuma sashin ba zai cinye mai fiye da yadda ya kamata ba.
2. Loadananan kaya. A cikin wannan yanayin, bawul ɗin ɓoyayyen abu kaɗan ne. Tasirin iri ɗaya ne: cikin tsarin cin abinci (karanta ƙarin game da shi a nan), mafi karancin iskar gas ya shiga, kuma aikin motar ya daidaita.
3. Matsakaicin lodi. Domin naúrar tayi aiki mai ɗorewa a wannan yanayin, ya zama dole a samar da babban bawul din da zai rufe. Wannan zai rage yawan asarar famfo. Wannan daidaitawar yana ba da damar ƙarin iskar gas don shiga yankin sha. Wannan ya zama dole don ƙaramin ƙimar zafin jiki na matsakaici a cikin silinda (ƙasa da iskar oxygen a cikin abubuwan VTS). A hanyar, don wannan dalili, ana iya samar da wutar lantarki ta zamani tare da tsarin sake dawowa (karanta game da shi dalla-dalla daban). Wannan yana rage abun cikin sinadarin nitrogenous.
4. Babban lodi a ƙananan gudu. A wannan gaba, yakamata a rufe bawul ɗin cin abinci a baya. Wannan yana kara yawan karfin juyi. Launƙwasa ƙungiyoyin bawul ya kamata ba su nan ko kaɗan. Wannan zai ba motar damar amsawa sosai ga motsi na maƙura. Lokacin da motar ke motsawa a cikin motsi mai ƙarfi, wannan mahimmancin yana da mahimmancin gaske ga injin ɗin.
5. Babban lodi a babban saurin crankshaft. A wannan yanayin, ya kamata a cire matsakaicin ƙarfin injin konewa na ciki. Don wannan, yana da mahimmanci cewa bawul ɗin ya zo kusa da TDC na fistan. Dalilin haka shi ne cewa iyakar iko yana buƙatar BTC kamar yadda zai yiwu a cikin gajeren lokaci yayin da bawul ɗin cin abinci suke buɗe.

A yayin aiki da injin konewa na ciki, dole ne camshaft ya samar da wani takamaiman adadin bawul din da zai rufe shi (lokacin da duka mashigin shiga da mashigi na Silinda mai aiki a bude suke a lokaci guda a bugun bugar) Koyaya, don kwanciyar hankali na aikin konewa na VTS, ingancin cika silinda, mafi kyawun amfani da mai da ƙananan hayaki mai cutarwa, ana buƙatar cewa wannan ma'aunin bai kamata ya zama daidaitacce ba, amma an canza. Don haka a cikin yanayin XX, ba a buƙatar ɓoyayyen bawul, saboda a wannan yanayin wani adadin mai zai shiga cikin shagon ba tare da ƙonewa ba, daga abin da mai haɓaka zai sha wahala tsawon lokaci (an bayyana shi dalla-dalla a nan).

Amma tare da ƙaruwa cikin sauri, ana lura da tsarin ƙonewar cakuda-mai na iska don ƙara yawan zafin jiki a cikin silinda (ƙarin oxygen a cikin rami). Don haka wannan tasirin ba zai haifar da fashewar motar ba, ƙimar VTS ya kamata ta kasance ɗaya, amma adadin oxygen ya kamata ya ɗan ragu kaɗan. Don wannan, tsarin yana bawa bawul din dukkanin kungiyoyin su kasance a bude na dan wani lokaci, don haka wani bangare na iskar gas din da yake sharar iska ya shiga cikin tsarin cin abincin.

Wannan shine ainihin abin da mai tsara lokaci yake yi. Tsarin CVVT yana aiki a cikin halaye biyu: jagoranci da lag. Bari muyi la’akari da menene fasalinsu.

Ci gaba

Tunda ƙirar kamawa tana da tashoshi guda biyu ta inda ake samarda mai, yanayin ya dogara da yawan mai a kowane rami. Lokacin da injin ya fara, famfon mai yana fara gina matsi a cikin tsarin shafawa. Abun yana gudana ta cikin tashoshi zuwa bawul din solenoid. Matsayi na ruwa mai laushi yana sarrafawa ta hanyar motsawa daga ECU.

Don canza kusurwar juyawar camshaft zuwa ci gaban lokaci, murfin bawul din yana buɗe tashar ta inda mai ke shiga ɗakin haɗuwa da ruwa, wanda ke da alhakin ci gaba. A daidai wannan lokacin, don kawar da matsi na baya, ana fitar da mai daga ɗakin na biyu.

Lag

Idan ya cancanta (ka tuna cewa microprocessor na tsarin jirgi na mota ne ya ƙaddara hakan bisa ƙirar algorithms da aka ƙaddara), buɗe bawul ɗin cin abinci nan gaba kaɗan, irin wannan aikin yana faruwa. Kawai a wannan lokacin, ana fitar da mai daga ɗakin gubar kuma an tura shi cikin ɗakin haɗuwa da ruwa ta biyu ta hanyoyin da aka nufa da shi.

A yanayi na farko, rotor na hadewar ruwa yana juyawa da juyawar crankshaft. A yanayi na biyu, aikin yana faruwa a cikin juyawar crankshaft.

CVVT dabaru

Abubuwan keɓaɓɓen tsarin CVVT shine don tabbatar da mafi ingancin cika silinda tare da wani sabon ɓangare na cakuda-mai, ba tare da la'akari da saurin crankshaft da kayan da ke kan injin ƙonewa na ciki ba. Tunda akwai gyare-gyare da yawa na irin waɗannan masu sauya lokaci, ma'anar ayyukansu zai zama ɗan ɗan bambanta. Koyaya, ƙa'idar gama gari ba ta canzawa.

Dukkanin ayyukan an rarraba su zuwa yanayi uku:

1. Yanayin kwance. A wannan matakin, lantarki yana haifar da sauyawa lokaci don juya bawul masu amfani a buɗe daga baya. Wannan ya zama dole don sanya motar tayi aiki sosai.
2. Matsakaicin RPM A wannan yanayin, camshaft dole ne ya kasance a tsakiyar wuri. Wannan yana ba da ƙarancin amfani da mai idan aka kwatanta da injina na yau da kullun a cikin wannan yanayin. A wannan yanayin, ba dawowa kawai mafi inganci daga injin konewa na ciki ba, amma kuma fitowar sa ba zata zama da illa ba.
3. Babban kuma iyakar yanayin saurin. A wannan yanayin, dole ne a cire matsakaicin ƙarfin ɓangaren wutar. Don tabbatar da wannan, tsarin yana ɗaukar camshaft zuwa buɗewar buɗe bawul ɗin shigar abin a baya. A wannan yanayin, ya kamata a fara amfani da abincin a baya kuma ya daɗe, don haka a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci (saboda tsananin saurin crankshaft), silinda masu motsi suna ci gaba da karɓar nauyin da ake buƙata na VTS.

Manyan ayyuka

Don lissafa duk gazawar da ke tattare da sauyin lokaci, ya zama dole ayi la’akari da takamaiman sauyin tsarin. Amma kafin a cancanci ambaton cewa wasu alamun alamun rashin nasarar CVVT suna kama da sauran lalacewar ɓangaren wutar lantarki da tsarin da ke da alaƙa, misali, ƙonewa da samar da mai. Saboda wannan dalili, kafin a ci gaba da gyara mai sauya lokaci, ya zama dole a tabbatar cewa waɗannan tsarin suna cikin kyakkyawan aiki.

Yi la'akari da mafi yawan ayyukan CVVT na rashin aiki.

Tsarin firikwensin lokaci

A cikin tsarin da ke canza lokacin bawul, ana amfani da firikwensin lokaci. Manyan firikwensin da aka fi amfani da su guda daya ne don cin abincin camshaft dayan kuma don sharar camshaft. Aikin DF shine ƙayyade matsayin camshafts a duk yanayin aikin injin. Ba wai kawai tsarin mai yana aiki tare da waɗannan na'urori masu auna firikwensin ba (ECU yana yanke shawara a wane lokaci ne za a fesa mai), amma har da ƙonewa (mai rarrabawa ya aika bugun ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙarfi zuwa takamaiman silinda don ƙone VTS).

Rashin ƙarfin firikwensin lokaci yana haifar da ƙaruwar amfani da wutar inji. Dalilin haka shi ne ECU ba ta karɓar sigina lokacin da silinda na farko ya fara aiwatar da wani bugun jini. A wannan yanayin, lantarki yana farawa allurar paraphase. Wannan shine lokacin da aka ƙaddara lokacin samar da mai ta hanyar buguwa daga DPKV. A wannan yanayin, ana haifar da allurar sau biyu sau da yawa.

Godiya ga wannan yanayin, motar zata ci gaba da aiki. Samun cakuda mai da iska kawai baya faruwa a mafi inganci. Saboda wannan, ƙarfin naúrar yana raguwa, kuma yawan mai yana ƙaruwa (nawa ne, ya dogara da ƙirar mota). Anan akwai alamun da zaku iya tantance raunin firikwensin lokaci:

• Yawan mai ya karu;
• Guba mai guba gas ya karu (idan mai kara kuzari ya daina jimre wa aikinsa, wannan alamar za ta kasance tare da halayyar kamshi daga bututun shaye - ƙanshin mai wanda ba ƙonewa ba);
• Kuzarin kawo cikas na injin konewa na ciki ya ragu;
• Ana lura da yanayin rashin ƙarfi na rukunin wutar (mafi lura a cikin yanayin XX);
• A kan tsari, fitilar yanayin gaggawa ta injina;
• Matsalar farawa injin (na tsawon daƙiƙa na aikin mai farawa, ECU ba ta karɓar bugun jini daga DF, bayan haka sai ta sauya zuwa yanayin allurar paraphase);
• Akwai rikici a cikin aiki na tsarin bincikar kansa na mota (gwargwadon ƙirar mota, wannan yana faruwa a daidai lokacin da aka fara injin konewa na ciki, wanda ke ɗaukar sakan 10);
• Idan na'urar tana sanye take da HBO na ƙarni na 4 kuma mafi girma, ana kiyaye tsangwama a cikin aikin ɓangaren sosai. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa ƙungiyar sarrafa abin hawa da ƙungiyar LPG suna aiki ba daidai ba.

DF yafi lalacewa saboda lalacewar halitta da hawaye, haka kuma saboda yanayin zafi da tsayayyar yanayi. Sauran firikwensin yana da karko, saboda yana aiki bisa ga tasirin Hall.

Kuskuren lambar don asarar lokacin camshaft

A cikin binciken tsarin tsarin jirgi, kayan aikin na iya yin rikodin wannan kuskuren (alal misali, a cikin tsarin jirgi na motocin Renault, ya yi daidai da lambar DF080). Yana nufin cin zarafin aiki tare na ƙaurawar kusurwar juyawa na camshaft ɗin cin abinci. Wannan shine lokacin da tsarin ya juye da ƙarfi fiye da yadda ECU ta nuna.

Alamun wannan kuskuren sune:

1. Alarmararrawar injiniya a kan tsari;
2. Ya yi yawa ko gudu ba tare da jinkiri ba;
3. Injin yana da wahalar farawa;
4. Injin konewa na ciki ba shi da ƙarfi;
5. A cikin wasu halaye, rukunin yana tururuwa;
6. Ana jin ƙwanƙwasa daga injin;
7. Yawan amfani da mai yana karuwa;
8. Shaye shaye baya cika ƙa'idodin muhalli.

Kuskure P0011 na iya faruwa saboda gurɓataccen mai na injin (ba a canza canji a kan lokaci) ko ƙarancin matakinsa. Hakanan, irin wannan lambar takan bayyana lokacin da sauyawar zangon lokacin yana wuri guda. Yana da daraja la'akari da cewa kayan lantarki na samfuran mota daban-daban, sabili da haka, lambar wannan kuskuren na iya bambanta. A cikin samfuran da yawa, yana da alamun P0011 (P0016).

Bawul din solonoid

Gyara abubuwa na lambobi galibi ana lura dasu a cikin wannan aikin. An kawar da wannan matsalar ta dubawa da tsabtace guntuwar na'urar. Kadan gama gari shine murfin bawul a wani wuri, ko kuma bazai yuwu yayin kunnawa ba. Idan an sanya bawul daga wani kwaskwarimar tsarin akan mai sauya lokaci, maiyuwa bazai yi aiki ba.

Don bincika bawul din soloid, an wargaje shi. Abu na gaba, ana bincika ko ƙafarta tana motsawa da yardar kaina. Don yin wannan, muna haɗa wayoyi biyu zuwa lambobin bawul ɗin kuma na ɗan gajeren lokaci (bai fi sakan ɗaya ko biyu ba don ƙaran bawul ɗin ya ƙone ba) mun rufe shi a tashar baturin. Idan bawul din yana aiki, za a ji dannawa. In ba haka ba, dole ne a maye gurbin ɓangaren.

Matse man shafawa

Kodayake wannan lalacewar ba ta damu da fa'idar aikin mai sauya kanta ba, ingantaccen aiki na tsarin ya dogara da wannan lamarin. Idan matsi a cikin tsarin shafawa mai rauni ne, rotor ba zai iya juya zangon ba. Yawancin lokaci, wannan ba safai ba ne, dangane da jadawalin canjin man shafawa. Don cikakkun bayanai kan lokacin da za a canza mai a cikin injin, karanta daban.

Mai tsara lokaci

Toari da matsalar aiki na bawul din solenoid, mai sauya lokaci da kansa zai iya matsawa a ɗayan mahimman matsayi. Tabbas, tare da irin wannan matsalar, motar na iya ci gaba da aiki. Kuna kawai tuna cewa mota tare da mai sarrafa lokaci mai daskarewa a wuri guda zaiyi aiki iri ɗaya kamar dai ba a sanye shi da tsarin lokaci mai canzawa ba.

Anan ga wasu alamu da ke nuna cewa mai rikon kwarya ya lalace gabaɗaya ko wani ɓangare:

1. Belin lokaci yana aiki tare da amo na ƙari. Kamar yadda wasu masu motocin da suka gamu da irin wannan matsalar ta rashin aiki, ana jin sautuka daga mai sauya fasalin wanda yayi kama da aikin naurar dizal.
2. Dogaro da matsayin ƙirar camshaft, injin ɗin zai sami rpm mara ƙarfi (rashin aiki, matsakaici ko babba). A wannan yanayin, ƙarfin fitarwa zai kasance sananne sosai. Irin wannan injin ɗin na iya aiki da kyau a cikin yanayin XX, kuma ya rasa kuzari yayin hanzari, kuma akasin haka: a cikin yanayin tuki na wasanni, ku kasance cikin kwanciyar hankali, amma lokacin da aka saki ƙafafun gas, sai ya fara "shaƙewa".
3. Tunda lokacin bawul din bai daidaita da yanayin aiki na rukunin wutar ba, man daga tankin zai zube da sauri (a wasu samfuran mota wannan ba haka bane a hankali).
4. Haɗarin hayaƙi ya zama mai guba, tare da ƙanshin ƙanshin mai wanda ba ƙone shi ba.
5. Lokacin da injin ya warke, ana lura da saurin gudu. A wannan lokacin, mai sauya lokaci zai iya fitar da ƙara ƙarfi.
6. Keta haƙƙin kamshafts, wanda ke tare da kuskuren da ya dace, wanda za'a iya gani yayin binciken kwakwalwa (game da yadda ake aiwatar da wannan aikin, karanta a cikin wani bita).

Mai kula da lokaci na kansa na iya kasawa saboda lalacewar ɗawon ruwan wukake. Galibi wannan yana faruwa ne bayan dubu 100-200. Idan direba ya ƙi kulawa da shawarwarin canza mai (tsohuwar maiko ya rasa ruwa kuma ya ƙunshi ƙaramin ƙarafan ƙarfe), to, karyewar rotor mai haɗa ruwa zai iya faruwa da wuri sosai.

Hakanan, saboda sanya kayan karfe na aikin juyawa, idan siginar ta iso wurin mai daukar wutar, to camshaft din zai iya juyawa sama da yadda yanayin aikin injin yake bukata. Hakanan tasirin Phaser yana fuskantar matsaloli tare da crankshaft da firikwensin matsayi na camshaft. Saboda siginansu ba daidai ba, ECU na iya daidaita tsarin rarraba gas zuwa yanayin aiki na injin ba daidai ba.

Ko da sau da yawa ƙasa, gazawa a cikin lantarki na tsarin jirgi na mota yana faruwa. Saboda gazawar software a cikin ECU, yana iya ba da bugun jini ba daidai ba ko kawai ya fara gyara kurakurai, kodayake ƙila babu wasu aibu.

Sabis

Tunda sauyin lokaci yana samarda ingantaccen aikin motar, ingancin aiki na sashin wutar shima ya dogara da hidimar dukkan abubuwanta. Saboda wannan dalili, inji yana buƙatar kulawa na lokaci-lokaci. Abu na farko da ya cancanci kulawa shine matatar mai (ba babba ba, amma wanda ke tsabtace mai zuwa haɗuwa da ruwa). A matsakaici, kowane tafiyar kilomita 30 yana buƙatar tsaftacewa ko maye gurbinsa da sabo.

Kodayake kowane mai mota zai iya sarrafa shi (tsabtace), a cikin wasu motoci wannan abin yana da wuyar samu. Sau da yawa ana sanya shi a cikin layin tsarin man shafawar injin a cikin rata tsakanin famfon mai da bawul din soloid. Kafin wargaza matatar, muna ba da shawarar cewa ka fara duba umarnin kan yadda yake. Baya ga tsabtace kayan, kana buƙatar tabbatar da cewa haɗin sa da jikin sa basu lalace ba. Lokacin aiwatar da aiki, yana da mahimmanci a kiyaye, tunda matatar kanta tana da rauni sosai.

Abũbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani

Yawancin masu motoci suna da tambaya game da yiwuwar kashe tsarin lokaci mai canzawa. Tabbas, maigida a tashar sabis yana iya kashe sauyin lokaci sauƙin, amma babu wanda zai iya biyan kuɗi zuwa wannan maganin, tunda kuna iya tabbatar da kashi 100 cikin XNUMX cewa a wannan yanayin motar zata zama mara ƙarfi. Babu tabbas game da tabbaci don ingancin sabis na rukunin wutar yayin ci gaba da aiki ba tare da sauya lokaci ba.

Don haka, fa'idodin tsarin CVVT sun haɗa da waɗannan abubuwan masu zuwa:

1. Yana bayar da mafi inganci cika silinda a cikin kowane yanayin aiki na injin ƙone ciki;
2. Hakanan ya shafi ingancin konewa na cakudadden iska-mai da cire matsakaicin iko a hanyoyi daban-daban da nauyin injina;
3. Guba mai guba gas ya ragu, tunda a halaye daban-daban MTC ya ƙone gaba ɗaya;
4. Za a iya lura da tattalin arziƙin mai, gwargwadon nau'in injin, duk da yawan naúrar;
5. Motar koyaushe tana kasancewa mai ƙarfi, kuma a mafi girma, ana lura da ƙaruwar ƙarfi da ƙarfi.

Duk da cewa tsarin CVVT an tsara shi don daidaita aikin motar a lodi da saurin daban-daban, ba tare da rashin lahani da yawa ba. Da fari dai, idan aka kwatanta da motar gargajiya tare da ƙera ɗaya ko biyu a cikin lokaci, wannan tsarin ƙarin adadin ɓangarori ne. Wannan yana nufin cewa an ƙara wata ƙungiya a cikin motar, wanda ke buƙatar kulawa yayin hidimar jigilar kayayyaki da ƙarin ƙarin yanki na lalacewa.

Abu na biyu, gyara ko sauyawa na canjin lokaci dole ne kwararre mai fasaha ya aiwatar dashi. Abu na uku, tun da sauyin lokaci na lantarki yana ba da kwaskwarimar aikin ƙungiyar wutar, farashinsa ya yi yawa. Kuma a ƙarshe, muna ba da shawarar kallon ɗan gajeren bidiyo kan dalilin da yasa ake buƙatar sauyin lokaci a cikin motar zamani, da yadda yake aiki:

Tsarin lokaci na bawul mai canzawa ta amfani da misalin CVVT

Tambayoyi & Amsa:

Menene CVVT? Wannan tsarin ne wanda ke canza lokacin bawul (Continuous Variable Valve Timeing). Yana daidaita lokacin buɗewa na shaye-shaye da shaye-shaye dangane da saurin abin hawa.

Menene kama CVVT? Wannan shine maɓalli na maɓalli na tsarin lokaci na bawul. Ana kuma kiransa mai sauya lokaci. Yana canza lokacin buɗewa na bawuloli.

Menene Dual CVVT? Wannan gyare-gyare ne na tsarin lokaci na bawul. Dual - biyu. Wannan yana nufin cewa an shigar da masu sauya lokaci guda biyu a cikin irin wannan lokacin (ɗaya don ci, ɗayan don bawul ɗin shaye).