U-Booty Type IA

U26 w 1936 g.r.

Ketare haramcin samar da jiragen ruwa da aka sanya wa Jamus, Reichsmarine ya yanke shawarar, a ƙarƙashin ikonsu, don gina samfura a Cadiz don abokantaka na Spain da kuma gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da suka wajaba tare da halartar ƙwararrun Jamus, wanda ya ba da damar gudanar da horo mai amfani. nasu jirgin karkashin ruwa. submarines na matasa tsara.

Haihuwar U-Bootwaffe a ɓoye

Yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya da aka sanya hannu a tsakiyar 1919, wadda aka fi sani da yarjejeniyar Versailles, ta haramtawa Jamus kerawa da gina jiragen ruwa. Duk da haka, wani lokaci bayan yakin duniya na farko, jagorancin Reichsmarine ya yanke shawarar - akasin haramcin da aka sanya - don yin amfani da kwarewar masana'antun gine-gine na cikin gida wajen tsarawa da gina jiragen ruwa ta hanyar fitarwa da haɗin gwiwa tare da kasashe abokantaka, wanda ya kamata ya kasance. ya ba da damar kara haɓaka damar Jamus. An gudanar da haɗin gwiwar kasashen waje ta Hukumar Zane-zane na Submarine Ingenieurskantoor voor Scheepsbouw (IvS), wacce aka kafa a 1922 kuma sojojin ruwan Jamus suka ba da kuɗaɗen su a asirce. Masu zanenta a cikin shekaru masu zuwa sun haɓaka ƙira da yawa da aka aro daga yakin duniya na farko. A cikin 1926, ofishin ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar gina raka'a 2 a cikin Netherlands don Turkiyya (aikin Pu 46, wanda shine haɓaka nau'in soja na farko na UB III), kuma a cikin 1927 kwangila tare da Finland don gina raka'a 3 (aikin Pu 89, wanda shine tsawo na Yak III - aikin 41a, a cikin 1930 an sanya hannu kan kwangilar gina yankin bakin teku kuma don Finland - aikin 179). kayayyaki.

A cikin Mayu 1926, injiniyoyi na IVS sun sake komawa aikin da aka katse a ƙarshen yakin akan wani jirgin ruwa mai nauyin 640-ton G don 364-ton UB III (aikin 48). Zane na wannan na'ura na zamani ya tayar da sha'awar Reichsmarine, wanda ya haɗa da shi a cikin tsare-tsaren a wannan shekara don maye gurbin UB III da aka tsara a baya.

Kodayake gwaje-gwajen teku na sassan da aka gina a cikin Netherlands an gudanar da su gaba ɗaya ta hanyar ma'aikatan Jamus da kuma ƙarƙashin kulawar ƙwararrun Jamus, kawai ƙwarewar da aka samu a lokacin ginawa da gwaji na sashin "Spanish" dole ne a yi amfani da shi don bunkasa aikin gaba. . jirgin ruwan "Atlantic" na zamani don fadada nasa sojojin na karkashin ruwa da Jamusawa suka bayar - analogue na samfurin gabar teku, daga baya aka gina a Finland (Vesikko). A wancan lokacin Jamus ta kara kaimi wajen tattara bayanan sirri na neman bayanai daga kasashen waje game da sabbin fasahohin da ke da alaka da teku tare da kara yada farfagandar ta na tada ra'ayin jama'a kan takunkumin yarjejeniyar Versailles.

E 1 - samfurin "Spanish" na jirgin ruwa na ruwa.

Sakamakon ƙarin buƙatun da jiragen ruwa na Jamus suka sanya a kan masu zanen kaya daga ofishin IVS don ƙara ƙarfin injiniyoyi, saurin saman da jirgin sama, aikin G (ton 640) ya karu da kimanin tan 100 na ƙarin tankunan mai. . Sakamakon wadannan sauye-sauye, nisa na jirgin ya karu, musamman a bangaren ruwa. Duk jiragen da aka gina a karkashin jagorancin IVS an sanye su da injunan dizal na kamfanin MAN na Jamus (ban da raka'a 3 na Finland, wanda ya karbi injunan daga kamfanin Atlas Diesel na Sweden), amma bisa ga bukatar bangaren Spain. A nan gaba E 1, an sanye su da injunan diesel guda hudu na sabbin kayayyaki na masana'anta, bayan sun sami ƙarin iko: M8V 40/46, yana ba da 1400 hp. da 480 rpm.

Bayan sauye-sauye da yawa da suka gabata, a cikin Nuwamba 1928, ofishin IVS a ƙarshe ya sanya sunan aikin Pu 111 Ech 21 (a madadin ɗan kasuwan Sipaniya Horacio Echevarrieti Maruri, Basque, wanda ya rayu a cikin 1870-1963, mai gidan jirgin ruwa Astilleros Larrinaga y Echevarrieta Cadiz), kuma daga baya sojojin ruwa sun ayyana aikin a matsayin E 1. Makamin torpedo na shigarwa ya ƙunshi baka 4 da bututu masu ƙarfi 2 tare da diamita (caliber) na 53,3 cm, wanda aka daidaita don sabon nau'in torpedoes na lantarki na mita 7 wanda bai saki kumfan iska wanda zai bayyana hanyar makami mai linzami na karkashin ruwa ba.

An yi amfani da mahimman sabbin fasahohin fasaha:

• An fitar da torpedo daga cikin bututu ta piston mai riƙe da iska sannan aka sake shi cikin jirgin, yana kawar da kumfa da za su iya bayyana matsayin jirgin ruwa na harbin harbi;
• yuwuwar jujjuya tankunan ballast tare da sharar dizal;
• sarrafa pneumatic na bawuloli don cikawa da jujjuya tankuna na ballast;
• waldar lantarki na tankunan mai (na man dizal da mai mai mai)
• kayan aiki da na'urar sauraren ruwa a karkashin ruwa da na'urar sadarwar da ke karban ruwa;
• tana ba da tsarin da ke cikin ruwa tare da tanki mai sauri.