Tanki mai nauyi T-35
Tanki mai nauyi T-35T-35, tanki mai nauyi
Biyu 45 mm tanki An shigar da igwa na ƙirar 1932 a cikin hasumiya mai tsayin daka na ƙananan bene kuma suna iya harbi gaba-dama da baya-zuwa-hagu. Tururuwan na'ura sun kasance kusa da tururuwa na ƙasan matakin. M-12T mai sanyaya ruwa mai sanyaya carburetor V mai siffa 12-Silinda injin yana cikin madaidaicin. An lulluɓe ƙafafun titin da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa mai sulke. Dukkanin tankuna an sanye su da rediyon 71-TK-1 tare da eriya ta hannu. Tankunan da aka saki na baya-bayan nan tare da tururuwa masu tsini da sabbin siket na gefe suna da tarin ton 55 kuma an rage ma'aikatan zuwa mutane 9. A cikin duka, an samar da tankuna 60 T-35. Tarihin halittar T-35 nauyi tankƘaddamar da haɓakar tankuna masu nauyi, wanda aka tsara don yin aiki a matsayin NPP (Taimakon Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwallon Ƙwa ) ) da DPP ya yi, shi ne saurin masana'antu na Tarayyar Soviet, wanda aka fara daidai da shirin farko na shekaru biyar a cikin shekaru biyar. 1929. Sakamakon aiwatarwa, kamfanoni za su bayyana masu iya ƙirƙirar na zamani makamai, wajibi ne don aiwatar da koyaswar "yaki mai zurfi" wanda jagorancin Soviet ya karɓa. Dole ne a yi watsi da ayyukan farko na manyan tankuna saboda matsalolin fasaha. An ba da umarnin aikin farko na babban tanki a cikin Disamba 1930 ta Ma'aikatar Injiniya da Motoci da Babban Ofishin Zane na Daraktan Makarantu. Aikin ya sami lambar T-30 kuma ya nuna matsalolin da kasar ke fuskanta, wanda ya fara aiwatar da tsarin masana'antu cikin sauri ba tare da ƙwarewar fasaha ba. Dangane da tsare-tsaren farko, ya kamata a gina tanki mai yin iyo mai nauyin ton 50,8, sanye da igwa mai girman mm 76,2 da manyan bindigogi biyar. Ko da yake an gina wani samfuri a cikin 1932, an yanke shawarar yin watsi da ci gaba da aiwatar da aikin saboda matsaloli tare da chassis. A cikin Leningrad Bolshevik shuka, OKMO zanen kaya, tare da taimakon Jamus injiniyoyi, suka ɓullo da TG-1 (ko T-22), wani lokacin da ake kira "Grotte tank" bayan sunan mai sarrafa aikin. TG mai nauyin ton 30,4 ya kasance gaban duniya ginin tanki... Masu zanen kaya sun yi amfani da dakatarwar mutum ɗaya na rollers tare da masu ɗaukar girgiza pneumatic. Makamin ya ƙunshi igwa mai tsayi 76,2 mm da bindigogin injuna 7,62 mm guda biyu. Kaurin sulke ya kai mm 35. Masu zanen, wanda Grotte ke jagoranta, sun kuma yi aiki akan ayyukan don motocin turret da yawa. Samfurin TG-Z/T-29 mai nauyin ton 30,4 yana dauke da igwa mai girman mm 76,2, igwa guda 35 mm guda biyu da kuma bindigogi biyu. Babban aikin da ya fi dacewa shi ne samar da TG-5/T-42 mai nauyin ton 101,6, dauke da igwa mai tsayin milimita 107 da wasu nau'ikan makamai masu yawa, dake cikin hasumiya da dama. Koyaya, babu ɗayan waɗannan ayyukan da aka karɓi don samarwa saboda ko dai wuce gona da iri ko rashin aiwatarwa (wannan ya shafi TG-5). Yana da rigima don da'awar cewa irin wannan girman kai, amma ayyukan da ba za a iya gane su ba sun sa ya yiwu injiniyoyin Soviet su sami kwarewa fiye da haɓaka ƙirar da suka dace don samar da injuna. 'Yancin kerawa a cikin ci gaban makamai ya kasance siffa ce ta tsarin mulkin Soviet tare da cikakken iko.
A lokaci guda kuma, wani ƙungiyar ƙirar OKMO wanda N. Zeitz ke jagoranta ya haɓaka aikin da ya fi nasara - mai nauyi танк T-35. An gina samfurori guda biyu a cikin 1932 da 1933. Na farko (T-35-1) mai nauyin tan 50,8 yana da hasumiya biyar. Babban turret ya ƙunshi igwa PS-76,2 3 mm, wanda aka haɓaka akan tushen 27/32 howitzer. Ƙarin turɓaya guda biyu sun ƙunshi igwa guda 37 mm, sauran biyun kuma suna da bindigogin inji. Ma'aikatan mutane 10 ne suka yi wa motar hidima. Masu zanen kaya sun yi amfani da ra'ayoyin da suka fito yayin ci gaban TG - musamman watsawa, injin mai na M-6, akwatin gear da kama.
Koyaya, an sami matsaloli yayin gwaji. Saboda rikitarwa na wasu sassa, T-35-1 bai dace da samar da taro ba. Nau'i na biyu, T-35-2, yana da injin M-17 mafi ƙarfi tare da dakatarwar da aka katange, ƙarancin turret kuma, saboda haka, ƙaramin ma'aikatan jirgin na mutane 7. Yin ajiya ya zama mafi ƙarfi. Kauri na gaban makamai ya karu zuwa 35 mm, gefe - har zuwa 25 mm. Wannan ya isa don kariya daga ƙananan bindigogi da guntuwar harsashi. A ranar 11 ga Agusta, 1933, gwamnati ta yanke shawarar fara samar da tanki mai nauyi T-35A, la'akari da kwarewar da aka samu yayin aiki akan samfura. An ba da amana ga samar da shuka ga Kharkov Locomotive Shuka. Duk zane-zane da takardu daga shuka na Bolshevik an canza su a can.
An yi canje-canje da yawa ga ainihin ƙirar T-1933 tsakanin 1939 da 35. Tsarin 1935 na shekara ya zama tsayi kuma ya sami sabon turret da aka tsara don T-28 tare da igwa 76,2 mm L-10. An shigar da igwa guda biyu na 45mm, waɗanda aka kera don tankunan T-26 da BT-5, maimakon bindigogin 37mm na gaba da na baya. A shekara ta 1938, tankuna shida na ƙarshe an sanye su da tururuwa masu gangare saboda ƙara ƙarfin makaman yaƙi da tankunan yaƙi.
Masana tarihi na yammacin Turai da na Rasha suna da ra'ayi daban-daban game da abin da ya haifar da ci gaban aikin T-35. Tun da farko an yi iƙirarin cewa an kwafi tankin daga motar Birtaniyya mai suna "Vickers A-6 Independent", amma masanan Rasha sun ƙi hakan. Gaskiya ba zai yiwu a sani ba, amma akwai shaida mai karfi don tallafawa ra'ayi na yammacin Turai, ba ko kadan ba saboda yunkurin Soviet na saya A-6. Har ila yau, bai kamata a yi la'akari da tasirin injiniyoyin Jamus waɗanda ke haɓaka irin waɗannan samfurori a ƙarshen 20s a sansanin Kama a cikin Tarayyar Soviet ba. Abin da ke bayyane shi ne, aro fasahar soja da ra'ayoyi daga wasu ƙasashe ya zama ruwan dare ga yawancin sojojin da ke tsakanin yakin duniya biyu. Duk da niyyar fara samar da yawa, a 1933-1939. 61 kawai aka gina танк T-35. An haifar da jinkirin ta hanyar matsalolin da suka faru a cikin samar da "tanki mai sauri" BT da T-26: ƙarancin ginawa da sarrafawa, rashin ingancin sarrafa sassa. Ingancin T-35 kuma bai kai daidai ba. Saboda girman girmansa da rashin iya sarrafawa, tankin ya yi tafiyarsa da kyau kuma ya shawo kan cikas. Cikiyar motar tana da cunkushe sosai, kuma a yayin da tankar ke tafiya, da wuya a iya harba daidai gwargwado daga manyan bindigogi da bindigogi. Ɗaya daga cikin T-35 yana da taro iri ɗaya da BT guda tara, don haka Tarayyar Soviet ta tattara albarkatu masu ma'ana akan haɓakawa da gina ƙarin samfuran wayar hannu. Samar da tankunan T-35
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T-35 tanki da aka sanya a cikin sabis a 1933, da taro samar da aka za'ayi a Kharkov Locomotive Shuka daga 1933 zuwa 1939. Tankuna irin wannan suna cikin sabis tare da birged na manyan motoci na ajiyar babban kwamandan. Mota na da wani classic layout: da kula da daki is located a gaban runguma, fama sashe ne a tsakiyar, da engine da kuma watsa a cikin baya. An sanya makamai a cikin hawa biyu cikin hasumiyai biyar. An saka bindigar 76,2 mm da bindigar DT mai nauyin 7,62 mm a cikin turret ta tsakiya.
