Tanki mai nauyi IS-7
Tanki mai nauyi IS-7
Bangaren gaba trihedral ne, kamar IS-3, amma ba sosai ba gaba. A matsayinta na tashar wutar lantarki, an shirya yin amfani da katangar injunan diesel V-16 guda biyu masu karfin 1200 hp. Tare da Watsawar wutar lantarki yayi kama da wanda aka sanya akan IS-6. Tankunan man sun kasance a cikin tushe na injin injin, inda, saboda zanen gefen kwalin da ke cikin ciki, an sami sarari mara komai. Makaman na IS-7 tankin, wanda ya kunshi bindigar S-130 mai tsawon 26mm, guda uku. bindigogin mashin DT da bindigu na Vladimirov 14,5 mm guda biyu (KPV) an sanya su a cikin tudun simintin gyare-gyare. Duk da babban taro - 65 ton, motar ta juya ta zama m. An gina cikakken samfurin katako na tanki. A cikin 1946, zane na wani nau'in ya fara, wanda ke da ma'anar ma'aikata iri ɗaya - 260. A cikin rabi na biyu na 1946, bisa ga zane-zane na sashen zane-zane na samar da tanki, an samar da samfurori guda biyu na abu 100 a cikin shaguna na kantin sayar da kayayyaki. Kirov Plant da wani reshe na Shuka No. 260. Na farko daga cikinsu an taru a kan Satumba 8 1946, wuce 1000 km a kan teku gwaji a karshen shekara da kuma, bisa ga sakamakon su, hadu da babban dabara da fasaha bukatun.
Matsakaicin gudun kilomita 60 a cikin sa'o'i an kai, matsakaicin gudun kan hanyar da aka karye ya kai kilomita 32/h. An tattara samfurin na biyu a ranar 25 ga Disamba, 1946 kuma ya wuce kilomita 45 akan gwajin teku. A cikin aikin kera sabuwar na'ura, an yi zane-zane kusan 1500 na aiki, an gabatar da sama da mafita 25 a cikin aikin da ba a taba cin karo da shi ba a cikin aikin. ginin tanki, fiye da 20 cibiyoyi da cibiyoyin kimiyya sun shiga cikin ci gaba da shawarwari. Saboda rashin injin 1200 hp. Tare da ya kamata a sanya tagwayen shigarwa na biyu V-7 dizal injuna daga shuka No. 16 a IS-77. A lokaci guda, Ma'aikatar Sufuri Engineering na Tarayyar Soviet (Mintransmash) ya umurci shuka No. 800 don kerar da zama dole. inji. Kamfanin bai cika aikin ba, kuma tagwayen shuka na No. 77 ya makara zuwa wa'adin da Ma'aikatar Sufuri ta amince da shi. Bugu da kari, ba a yi aiki da shi ba kuma masana'anta sun gwada shi. Wani reshe na shuka mai lamba 100 ne ya gudanar da gwaje-gwaje da gyare-gyare kuma ya nuna cikakken rashin dacewarsa. Rashin injin da ake buƙata, amma ƙoƙarin cika aikin gwamnati a kan lokaci, Kirov Plant, tare da Minaviaprom Shuka No. 500, ya fara ƙirƙirar injin dizal TD-30 dangane da jirgin ACh-300. A sakamakon haka, an sanya injunan TD-7 akan samfurori guda biyu na farko na IS-30, wanda ya nuna dacewarsu yayin aikin gwaji, amma saboda rashin haɗuwa, sun buƙaci daidaitawa. Lokacin da ake aiki a kan wutar lantarki, an gabatar da wasu sababbin sababbin abubuwa, kuma an gwada su a cikin yanayin dakin gwaje-gwaje: tankunan man fetur na roba mai laushi tare da jimlar lita 800, kayan aikin kashe gobara tare da na'urorin zafi na atomatik wanda ke aiki a zazzabi na 100 °. -110 ° C, tsarin sanyaya injin fitarwa. An tsara watsawar tanki a cikin nau'i biyu.
Na farko, wanda aka ƙera kuma aka gwada shi a cikin IS-7, yana da akwatin gear mai sauri shida tare da motsi na karusa da masu aiki tare. Tsarin jujjuyawar shine duniyar duniya, mataki biyu. Ikon yana da servos na hydraulic. A lokacin gwaje-gwajen, watsawa ya nuna kyawawan halayen haɓakawa, yana ba da saurin abin hawa. An ɓullo da sigar na biyu na watsa mai sauri shida tare da Jami'ar Fasaha ta Jihar Moscow mai suna N.E. Bauman. Watsawa shine duniyar duniya, mai sauri 4, tare da injin tig ZK na juyawa. Gudanar da tanki sauƙaƙe ta hanyar injin servo na hydraulic tare da kyakkyawan zaɓi na kayan aiki. A yayin ci gaba da jigilar kaya, sashen zane ya tsara wasu zaɓuɓɓukan dakatarwa, ƙera da kuma ƙaddamar da gwaje-gwajen teku na dakin gwaje-gwaje a kan tankuna na serial da kuma gwajin IS-7 na farko. A kan tushen su, an haɓaka zane-zanen aiki na ƙarshe na duk abin da ke ƙasa. A karon farko a cikin ginin tanki na cikin gida, an yi amfani da caterpillars tare da hinge na roba-karfe, masu ɗaukar motsi na hydraulic mai aiki biyu, rollers na waƙa tare da ɗaukar girgiza cikin ciki waɗanda ke aiki a ƙarƙashin nauyi mai nauyi, sandunan katako na katako. An shigar da igwa mai girman mm 130 S-26 tare da sabon birki mai ramin rami. An tabbatar da yawan wuta mai yawa (zagaye 6 a minti daya) ta hanyar amfani da na'ura mai kayatarwa.
Tankin IS-7 yana dauke da bindigogin mashin guda 7: caliber daya 14,5mm da calibers shida 7,62mm, dakin gwaje-gwaje na babban mai zanen Kirov Plant ne ya kera na'ura mai sarrafa wutar lantarki mai nisa. fasahar kasashen waje. Samfurin da aka ƙirƙira na dutsen turret na bindigogin injuna guda biyu mai nauyin 7,62mm an ɗora su a bayan turret na tankin gwaji kuma an gwada shi, yana tabbatar da iya sarrafa wutar lantarki. Bugu da ƙari, samfurori guda biyu da aka taru a Kirov Plant kuma an yi gwajin teku a ƙarshen 1946 - farkon 1947, an ƙera ƙarin sulke guda biyu masu sulke da turret guda biyu a Shuka na Izhora. An gwada wadannan rukunai da kunkuru ta hanyar harba bindigogi daga 81-mm, 122-mm and 128-mm caliber a filin horo na GABTU Kubinka. Sakamakon gwajin ya zama tushen sulke na ƙarshe na sabon tanki. A lokacin 1947, an gudanar da aiki mai tsanani a ofishin zane na Kirov Plant don ƙirƙirar aikin don ingantacciyar sigar IS-7. Aikin ya rike da yawa daga wanda ya gabace shi, amma a lokaci guda, an yi sauye-sauye masu yawa a kansa. Rumbun ya zama ɗan faɗi kaɗan, kuma turret ɗin ya ƙara yin lallausan. IS-7 ta karɓi bangarorin ƙugiya masu lankwasa wanda mai tsara G. N. Moskvin ya gabatar. An ƙarfafa makaman, motar ta karɓi sabuwar bindigar S-130 mai tsawon mm 70 tare da doguwar ganga mai caliber 54. Na'urarta mai nauyin kilogiram 33,4 ta bar ganga tare da saurin farko na 900 m/s. Wani sabon abu don lokacinsa shine tsarin sarrafa wuta. Na'urar kula da kashe gobara ta tabbatar da cewa prism ɗin da aka daidaita yana nufin manufa ba tare da la'akari da bindigar ba, an kawo bindiga ta atomatik zuwa layin da aka daidaita lokacin da aka harba, kuma an harba harbi ta atomatik. Tankin yana da bindigogin mashin guda 8, ciki har da KPV guda biyu 14,5 mm. An shigar da manyan caliber guda biyu da RP-46 7,62-mm calibers (nau'in na'urar zamani na zamani na DT) a cikin rigar bindigar. Sauran RP-46 guda biyu sun kasance a kan shinge, sauran biyun, sun juya baya, an haɗe su a waje tare da sassan gefen hagu na hasumiya. Dukkanin bindigogin na'ura ana sarrafa su.
Ammonium ya ƙunshi zagaye 30 na daban, zagaye na 400 na 14,5-mm Cleiber da 2500 zagaye na 7,62-mm Caliber. Don samfurori na farko na IS-7, tare da Cibiyar Bincike na Makamai na Artillery, a karon farko a cikin ginin tanki na gida, an yi amfani da kayan da aka yi daga faranti na niƙa. Haka kuma, samfura daban-daban na masu fitar da kayayyaki guda biyar sun yi gwajin farko akan tashoshi. An shigar da matatar iska mai bushewa mai bushewa tare da matakai biyu na tsaftacewa da cire ƙura ta atomatik daga hopper ta amfani da makamashin iskar gas. Ƙarfin tankunan mai mai laushi, wanda aka yi da masana'anta na musamman da tsayayyar matsa lamba har zuwa 0,5 atm., An ƙara zuwa lita 1300. An shigar da bambance-bambancen watsawa, wanda aka haɓaka a cikin 1946 tare da Jami'ar Fasaha ta Jihar Moscow. Bauman. Motar da ke ƙarƙashin motar ta haɗa da manyan ƙafafun titi guda bakwai a cikin jirgin kuma ba su da rollers ɗin tallafi. An yi rollers sau biyu, tare da ɗaukar girgiza na ciki. Don inganta santsin hawan, an yi amfani da na'urar daukar hoto na hydraulic mai aiki sau biyu, piston wanda ke cikin ma'aunin dakatarwa. Ƙungiya ta injiniyoyi da L. 3. Shenker ke jagoranta ne suka samar da masu ɗaukar girgiza. Caterpillar mai faɗin 710 mm ya jefa waƙoƙin sashin akwatin tare da madaidaicin ƙarfe-karfe. Amfani da su ya ba da damar haɓaka juriya da rage hayaniya yayin motsi, amma a lokaci guda suna da wahala a kera su.
Na’urar kashe gobara ta atomatik da M. G. Shelemin ya ƙera ya ƙunshi na’urori masu auna wuta da na’urorin kashe gobara da aka sanya a cikin ɗakin injin, kuma an ƙera shi ne don kunna wuta sau uku a yayin da gobara ta tashi. A lokacin rani na 1948, Kirov Shuka kerarre hudu IS-7, wanda, bayan factory gwaje-gwaje, aka canjawa wuri zuwa jihar. Tankin ya yi tasiri mai karfi a kan mambobin kwamitin zaɓe: tare da nauyin 68 tons, motar a sauƙaƙe ta kai gudun 60 km / h kuma tana da kyakkyawar ikon ketare. Kariyar sulkensa a wancan lokacin ba ta yiwuwa a zahiri. Ya isa a ce tankin IS-7 ya yi tsayin daka da harba bindigar Jamus mai nauyin 128mm ba kawai ba, har ma da nata bindigar 130mm. Duk da haka, gwaje-gwajen ba su kasance ba tare da gaggawa ba. Don haka, a lokacin daya daga cikin harsashi a kewayon harbe-harbe, mashin ɗin, yana zamewa tare da gefen lanƙwasa, ya bugi shingen dakatarwa, kuma, a fili yana da rauni, ya billa ƙasa tare da abin nadi. Yayin gudanar da wata mota, injin, wanda ya riga ya yi aiki da lokacin garanti yayin gwajin, ya kama wuta. Na'urar kashe gobara ta ba da walƙiya biyu don daidaita wutar, amma ta kasa kashe wutar. Ma'aikatan sun yi watsi da motar kuma ta kone gaba daya. Amma, duk da yawan zargi, a 1949 sojoji sun ba da Kirov Shuka oda don kera wani tsari na tankuna 50. Wannan odar bai cika ba saboda wasu dalilai da ba a sani ba. Babban Daraktan Kula da Makamai ya zargi kamfanin, wanda a ra'ayinsa, ta kowace hanya ya jinkirta samar da kayan aiki da na'urori masu mahimmanci don samar da yawa. Ma'aikatan masana'antar sun yi magana da sojoji, wadanda suka "kutsa kai tsaye" motar, suna neman rage nauyin zuwa ton 50. Abu daya kawai aka sani da tabbacin, babu daya daga cikin motoci 50 da aka ba da oda da ya bar wurin bitar masana'anta. Halayen yi na tanki mai nauyi IS-7
Don sabon tankin, Kirov Plant ya ƙera wani na'ura mai ɗaukar nauyi mai kama da na'urori na ruwa, wanda ke da injin lantarki da ƙananan girma, wanda, tare da sakamakon gwajin turret ta hanyar harsashi da kuma sharhin hukumar GABTU, ya sa ya yiwu. ƙirƙirar turret mai ma'ana dangane da juriya. Ma'aikatan jirgin sun kunshi mutane biyar, hudu daga cikinsu suna cikin hasumiya. Kwamandan na hannun dama na bindigar, mai bindigar na hagu, da lodi biyu a baya. Masu lodin na sarrafa bindigogin da ke bayan hasumiya, a kan shinge da manyan bindigogin da ke kan bindigar kakkabo jirgin. A matsayin tashar wutar lantarki akan sabon sigar IS-7, an yi amfani da injin dizal mai lamba 12-Silinda M-50T mai karfin lita 1050. Tare da da 1850 rpm. Ba shi da wani daidai a duniya dangane da jimillar manyan alamomin yaƙi. Tare da nauyin yaki mai kama da na Jamus "King Tiger", IS-7 ya kasance mafi girma fiye da wannan tanki mai karfi da nauyi na yakin duniya na biyu, wanda aka kirkiro shekaru biyu a baya, duka cikin sharuddan kariya da makamai. makamai. Ya rage kawai don baƙin ciki cewa samarwa wannan abin hawa na yaƙi na musamman ba a taba tura shi ba. Sources:
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A karshen 1944, ofishin zane na Gwaji No. 100 ya fara nazarin zanen sabon tanki mai nauyi. An yi zaton cewa wannan na'ura za ta ƙunshi duk wani gogewa da aka samu a cikin ƙira, aiki da yin amfani da manyan tankuna a cikin shekarun yaƙi. Ba samun goyon baya daga kwamishinoni na masana'antar tanki, V.A. Malyshev, darekta da babban mai tsara masana'antar, Zh Ya. Kotin, ya juya ga shugaban NKVD, L.P. Beria, don taimako.
A kan rufin turret, an ɗora bindiga mai nauyi na biyu akan wata sanda ta musamman, sanye take da na'urar jagora ta nesa ta hanyar lantarki da aka gwada akan tankin gwaji na farko, wanda ya ba da damar yin harbi a duka iska da ƙasa ba tare da barin barin ba. tanki. Don ƙara yawan wutar lantarki, masu zanen Kirov Plant, a kan nasu shirin, sun ɓullo da wani nau'i mai gina jiki (1x14,5 mm da 2x7,62 mm) na mashin bindigar jiragen sama.
