Turbo a cikin mota. Ƙarfin ƙarfi amma ƙarin matsaloli

Yawan motoci tare da turbocharger a ƙarƙashin kaho yana girma kullum. Muna ba da shawarar yadda ake amfani da irin wannan motar don guje wa gyare-gyaren caji mai tsada.

Injin mafi yawancin sabbin motoci suna sanye da caja mai turbo. Compressors, watau injina, ba su da yawa. Ayyukan duka biyun shine tilastawa ƙarin iskar da zai yiwu a cikin ɗakin konewar injin. Lokacin haɗe da man fetur, wannan yana haifar da ƙarin iko.

Wani mataki, irin wannan tasiri

A cikin duka compressor da turbocharger, rotor yana da alhakin samar da ƙarin iska. Koyaya, anan ne kamancen na'urorin biyu suka ƙare. Kwampressor da aka yi amfani da shi, a cikin sauran abubuwa a cikin Mercedes, ana motsa shi ta hanyar juzu'i daga crankshaft, wanda ake yada shi ta hanyar bel. Iskar gas daga tsarin konewa yana motsa turbocharger. Ta wannan hanyar, tsarin turbocharged yana tilasta ƙarin iska a cikin injin, yana haifar da sakamako mai ƙarfi da inganci. Dukansu tsarin haɓakawa suna da ribobi da fursunoni. Za mu ji bambancin tuƙi tare da ɗaya ko ɗayan kusan nan da nan bayan ƙaddamarwa. Injin tare da kwampreso yana ba ku damar ci gaba da haɓaka ƙarfin ƙarfi, farawa daga ƙananan gudu. A cikin motar turbo, zamu iya ƙidaya tasirin tuƙi cikin wurin zama. Turbine yana taimakawa wajen samun karfin juyi mafi girma a ƙananan rpm fiye da raka'o'in da ake so. Wannan yana sa injin ya ƙara ƙarfi. Abin sha'awa, don shawo kan gazawar duka mafita, ana ƙara amfani da su a lokaci ɗaya. Ƙarfafa injin tare da turbocharger da compressor yana guje wa tasirin turbo lag, wato, raguwa a cikin karfin bayan ya canza zuwa kaya mafi girma.

Turbine ya fi gaggawa fiye da kwampreso

Aiki na kwampreso ba shi da wahala. An yi la'akari da na'urar kyauta mai kulawa. Haka ne, yana da wahala a kan injin, amma idan muka kula da canza matattarar iska da kuma fitar da bel akai-akai, akwai kyakkyawar damar da za ta kasance a cikin motarmu na shekaru masu zuwa. Mafi yawan gazawar ita ce matsala tare da ɗaukar rotor. Yawancin lokaci yana ƙarewa tare da farfadowa na kwampreso ko maye gurbin da sabon.

Game da injin injin injin, lamarin ya ɗan bambanta. A gefe guda kuma, ba ta loda injin ɗin, saboda ƙarfin iskar gas ɗin da ke fitar da shi ke motsa shi. Amma yanayin aiki yana fallasa shi ga manyan lodi saboda aiki a yanayin zafi sosai. Don haka ya zama dole a jira 'yan mintoci kaɗan kafin injin ya huce kafin a kashe injin da aka sanye da injin turbocharger. In ba haka ba, nau'ikan lalacewa iri-iri na iya faruwa, gami da wasa a cikin juzu'i, zubewa da kuma, sakamakon haka, mai na tsarin tsotsa. Sa'an nan kuma ya kamata a maye gurbin injin injin tare da sabo ko sake farfadowa.

Kulawar Turbocharger - sabuntawa ko sauyawa?

Yawancin samfuran suna ba da turbochargers da aka sake ƙera su. Farashin irin wannan bangaren ya yi ƙasa da sabon abu. Misali, ga mashahurin sigar Ford Focus, farashin sabon turbocharger ya kai kimanin. zloty. Za a sabunta shi don kusan mutane 5. PLN ya fi rahusa. Duk da ƙananan farashin, ingancin ba shi da ƙasa, saboda wannan wani ɓangare ne na damuwa da aka mayar da shi, wanda aka rufe da cikakken garanti. Har sai Ford ya sake farfado da compressors akan rukunin yanar gizon, zaku iya dogaro da wannan sabis ɗin daga Skoda don ayyukanku. A cikin yanayin ƙarni na biyu Skoda Octavia tare da injin 2 hp 105 TDI. sabon turbo farashin 1.9 zł. PLN, amma ta hanyar ba wa masana'anta tsohon kwampreso, ana rage farashin zuwa 7. PLN. A lokaci guda, sabuntawa a ASO yana kashe 4 dubu. PLN tare da rarrabawa da farashin haɗuwa - kusan 2,5 PLN.

Yawancin ayyuka masu rahusa suna samarwa ta masana'antu na musamman waɗanda ke aiki kawai a cikin gyaran turbochargers. Yayin da shekaru 10-15 da suka wuce irin wannan sabis ɗin ya kai kimanin 2,5-3 dubu ban da ASO. zł, a yau hadaddun gyara yana kashe ko da kusan 600-700 zł. “Kudaden gyaran da muka yi sun hada da tsaftacewa, cirewa, maye gurbin o-rings, hatimi, dalla-dalla, da daidaita tsarin gaba daya. Idan ya zama dole don maye gurbin shaft da dabaran matsawa, farashin yana ƙaruwa zuwa kusan PLN 900, in ji Leszek Kwolek daga turbo-rzeszow.pl. Menene ya kamata in kula yayin dawo da injin turbin don sabuntawa? Leszek Kwolek ya ba da shawarar guje wa shigarwa waɗanda ke iyakance ga tsaftacewa da haɗuwa ba tare da daidaitawa ba. A cikin irin wannan yanayin, gyara zai iya zama kawai warware matsalar. Turbocharger da aka sake ƙera da kyau, bisa ga fasahar gyara masana'anta, yana da sigogi iri ɗaya da na sabo kuma yana karɓar garanti iri ɗaya.

Daidaita kanta hanya ce mai cin lokaci kuma tana buƙatar ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun kayan aiki, daidaitattun kayan aiki da mutanen da ke yin wannan hanya. Mafi kyawun tarurruka suna da kayan aiki don duba yadda turbine ke aiki a cikin matsanancin yanayi da kuma shirya musu ta hanyar daidaitawa daidai. Hanya ɗaya ita ce a yi amfani da ma'aunin ma'aunin VSR mai saurin gudu. Irin wannan na'urar yana ba da damar duba halayen tsarin jujjuyawar a ƙarƙashin yanayin kama da waɗanda ke cikin injin. Amma don gwajin, ana iya ƙara saurin juyawa har zuwa 350 dubu. na minti daya. A halin yanzu, turbines a cikin ƙananan injuna suna tafiya a hankali, a matsakaicin 250 rpm. sau daya a minti daya.

Duk da haka, sake farfadowa na turbine ba kome ba ne. Sau da yawa, kasawa na faruwa saboda matsaloli tare da wasu tsarin aiki a ƙarƙashin murfin motar mu. Don haka, kafin sake haɗa turbocharger da aka gyara, dole ne a cire su. In ba haka ba, abubuwan da aka maye gurbinsu na iya lalacewa - alal misali, idan injin turbine ba shi da man shafawa, zai ragu kaɗan bayan farawa.

Injin da ya fi ƙarfin caji ko na zahiri?

Dukansu na'urori masu caji da na zahiri suna da fa'ida da rashin amfanin su. Game da na farko, mafi mahimmancin fa'idodi shine: ƙananan wutar lantarki, wanda ke nufin rage yawan man fetur, hayaki da ƙananan kudade ciki har da inshora, mafi girman sassauci da ƙananan farashin aikin injin.

Halogen ko Xenon? Wanne fitilu ya fi kyau a zaɓa

Abin takaici, injin turbocharged kuma yana nufin ƙarin gazawa, ƙirar ƙira, kuma, rashin alheri, ɗan gajeren rayuwa. Babban rashin lahani na injin da ake nema a zahiri shine babban ƙarfinsa da ƙarancin ƙarfinsa. Duk da haka, saboda ƙira mafi sauƙi, irin waɗannan raka'a suna da rahusa da sauƙi don gyarawa, kuma sun fi tsayi. Maimakon turawa na karin magana, suna ba da ƙarfi mai laushi amma ingantacciyar ƙarfin haɓaka ba tare da tasirin turbo ba.

Domin shekaru masu yawa, turbochargers da aka shigar, yafi a cikin man fetur injuna wasanni motoci da dizal raka'a. A halin yanzu, shahararrun motocin da injinan mai turbocharged suna ƙara fitowa a cikin gidajen sayar da motoci. Misali, samfuran Volkswagen Group suna da tayin wadata. Kamfanin kera na Jamus yana ba da babban mai nauyi VW Passat tare da injin TSI mai nauyin lita 1.4 kawai. Duk da girman girman girman, rukunin yana haɓaka ƙarfin 125 hp. Har zuwa 180 hp Jamusawa suna matsi 1.8 TSI daga cikin naúrar, kuma 2.0 TSI yana samar da har zuwa 300 hp. TSI injuna sun fara fin fitattun shahararrun turbodiesels masu alamar TDI.