Turbo ga kowa da kowa?
Mahimmanci inganta aikin kusan kowace mota? Wataƙila. Kawai shigar da turbocharger.
Yawancin injunan diesel na zamani suna sanye da injin turbocharger. Wannan shine sakamakon kusan fa'idodi iri ɗaya lokacin amfani da injunan kunna kai - sauƙin ƙira, tasirin aiki da sauƙin sarrafawa. Ana kuma samun cajar turbo a cikin motocin fasinja masu kunna walƙiya, musamman waɗanda aka yi niyya don kowane irin gangami da tsere. Hakanan ana samun karuwar sha'awa ga masu kera injinan mai, saboda ba wai kawai ƙara ƙarfin injin ba ne, har ma suna ba da gudummawar su. 
inganta tsabtar iskar gas. Don haka, yana yiwuwa nan ba da jimawa ba za a shigar da waɗannan na'urori akan ƙarin motoci, galibi saboda tsaurara matakan muhalli.
Turbocharger wata na'ura ce mai sauki - tana kunshe da manyan abubuwa guda biyu - injin turbine da iskar iskar gas mai fitar da injina ke tukawa, da kuma injin injin injin dakon injin injin da ke tukawa da injin turbine da aka dora a kan mashigar gama gari. Saboda karuwar ƙarfin kayan da ake amfani da su a cikin ginin, an rage girman turbochargers, don haka ana iya amfani da su a kusan kowace mota tare da ƙananan gyare-gyare. Matsalar, duk da haka, ita ce yin amfani da na'urar da ta dace don wani inji.
Tun da turbocharger yana haifar da karuwa mai yawa a cikin ikon wutar lantarki (har zuwa sau 6), yana iya zama cewa irin wannan injin "saukarwa" ba zai yi aiki na dogon lokaci ba, ko kuma ya lalace ta hanyar fashewa ko inji " fadada" na abubuwan da aka gyara (pistons, bushings, connecting sanda). Saboda haka, shigarwa na "turbo" ba kawai haɗuwa da na'urar da ta dace ba, amma sau da yawa maye gurbin yawancin kayan aikin injiniya, misali, camshaft. Turbine kanta yana tsada daga zloty da yawa zuwa dubu da yawa. Za a kashe 'yan ƙarin dubunnan zloty a kan madaidaicin yawan shaye-shaye, sabon guntun sarrafa injin yana kashe kusan zloty 2. Amfani da abin da ake kira intercooler, i.e. intercooler wanda ke ba ka damar rage yawan zafin jiki na iska mai matsewa da ƙara haɓaka ƙarfin injin, wannan wani kuɗi ne na dubu da yawa. zloty.
Duk da yake a ka'idar ana iya shigar da turbocharger zuwa kowane injin, wasu injunan bazai da wannan damar. Duk raka'a waɗanda ba su da tsayayyen tsarin crank (alal misali, a cikin Polonaise ko tsohuwar Skoda) kuma ba ingantaccen tsarin sanyaya da lubrication ba suna da rauni musamman a wannan yanki.
Hattara da Sabuntawa
Turbochargers sun kai gudun 15 - 60 dubu. rpm (wasanni har zuwa 200 rpm). Sabili da haka, ƙirar su dole ne ya kasance daidai sosai, kuma aikin su yana buƙatar bin ka'idodin da suka dace waɗanda zasu kare na'urar daga lalacewa.
Ya faru ne cewa kamfanonin da ke ba da irin waɗannan na'urorin turbocharger suna samun su daga tarkacen motoci. Ana wanke irin waɗannan na'urori, tsaftacewa, wasu lokuta ana gyara su ta amfani da sassan da ba su dace ba, sannan a sake haɗa su. Rashin hasara a cikin wannan yanayin shine rashin daidaituwa na sassan juyawa. Bayan haka, ƙafafun motocin da ke jujjuya mafi ƙanƙanta (idan aka kwatanta da injin turbine) suna daidaitawa, don a ce komai na rotor yana jujjuyawa cikin saurin juyi sama da 500 a cikin daƙiƙa guda. Irin wannan turbochargers za a iya saya don 'yan ɗaruruwan zlotys, amma akwai babban yiwuwar cewa za su yi sauri kasawa.
Saboda haka, kowane turbocharger da aka sake ƙera dole ne ya sami takaddun shaida tare da katin garanti. Sabuntawa ko gyare-gyare na irin wannan turbocharger za a iya aiwatar da shi ta hanyar cibiyar sabis mai dacewa kuma zai fi dacewa tare da shekaru masu yawa na gwaninta, wanda ke ba da garantin sabis mai inganci.
amfani
Babban mahimmanci ga daidaitaccen aiki na turbocharger shine yadda injin ke kashe bayan abin hawa ya tsaya. Idan faifan yana gudana cikin sauri mai girma, jira ƴan zuwa dubunnan daƙiƙa har sai saurin rotor na turbocharger ya faɗi, sannan kashe kunnan. Lokacin da aka kashe wuta a cikin babban turbocharger, famfo ya daina ba da sabon mai zuwa ga bearings, kuma sauran man ya kasance mai zafi zuwa yanayin zafi, yana caja da lalata bearings.
Alamomin gazawar turbocharger sun kasance da farko raguwar ƙarfin injin da fitowar hayaƙi mai baƙi ko shuɗi daga bututun mai. Baƙar fata yana nuna rashin isasshen man shafawa da ƙona zoma, kuma shuɗi yana nuna ɗigogi a cikin tsarin mai. Ana bayyana mafi munin rashin aiki ta hanyar ƙara amo da ƙwanƙwasawa. A wannan yanayin, kai tsaye zuwa sabis. Akwai dalilai da yawa na wannan. Mafi yawanci sune:
- abubuwa na waje a cikin iska mai shiga - wannan yana haifar da lalacewa ga ruwan wukake kuma ta haka ne ga asarar ma'auni na rotor, wanda hakan zai iya haifar da rushewar na'urar gaba daya.
- gurɓataccen mai - yana haifar da lalacewa ga bearings da mujallolin shaft, wanda kuma yana haifar da rashin daidaituwa na abubuwa masu juyawa,
- rashin isasshen man fetur - yana taimakawa wajen lalacewa ga bearings, asarar maƙarƙashiya har ma da tsagewa na shaft saboda ƙarar juzu'i;
- Kasashen waje a cikin iskar gas (misali saboda lalacewar bawuloli na shugabanci, masu zafi) - irin wannan tasiri ga jikin waje a cikin iska mai sha; lalacewa ga na'ura mai juyi na turbin da ke tafiyar da compressor,
- yawan zafin jiki mai yawa na iskar gas - yana haifar da nauyin zafi na turbocharger, wanda ke haifar da coking na mai, lalacewa ga injin turbine da bearings;
- Matsananciyar shaye-shaye - yana haifar da axial sojojin da ke aiki akan injin injin turbin, wanda ke haɓaka lalacewa na ƙwanƙwasa da turbocharger o-rings.
Farashin sabon turbochargers kewayo daga 2,5 zuwa 4 dubu. zloty. Na'urar don Volkswagen Passat 1.8 tare da injin mai farashin PLN 2, don Skoda Octavia 400 l (dizal) - PLN 1.9, don BMW 2 (dizal) - PLN 800. Shigarwa yana da tsada sosai - daga kimanin 530 zuwa 3 dubu. PLN (farashin ya haɗa da gyaran tsarin shaye-shaye). Babban sabuntawa tare da kayan gyara yana kashe PLN 800 - 7, farashin turbocharger bayan sabuntawa yana daga PLN 10 zuwa 900.
