Gogayya ƙarƙashin kulawa (a hankali).
Ko muna so ko ba mu so, lamarin gogayya yana tare da duk abubuwan injina masu motsi. Yanayin ba shi da bambanci da injuna, wato tare da haɗin pistons da zobe tare da gefen ciki na cylinders, watau. tare da m surface. A wadannan wurare ne aka fi samun hasarar mafi girma daga tashe-tashen hankula masu cutarwa, don haka masu haɓaka injinan zamani suna ƙoƙarin rage su gwargwadon yiwuwa ta hanyar amfani da sabbin fasahohi.
Ba kawai zafin jiki ba
Don cikakken fahimtar abin da yanayi ya kasance a cikin injin, ya isa ya shigar da dabi'u a cikin sake zagayowar injin walƙiya, ya kai 2.800 K (kimanin 2.527 digiri C), da dizal (2.300 K - game da 2.027 digiri C). . Babban yanayin zafi yana shafar haɓakar thermal na abin da ake kira rukunin Silinda-piston, wanda ya ƙunshi pistons, zoben piston da cylinders. Na karshen kuma ya lalace saboda gogayya. Sabili da haka, wajibi ne don cire zafi da kyau zuwa tsarin sanyaya, da kuma tabbatar da isasshen ƙarfin abin da ake kira fim din mai tsakanin pistons da ke aiki a cikin silinda guda ɗaya.
Abu mafi mahimmanci shine matsi.
Wannan sashe mafi kyau yana nuna ainihin aikin ƙungiyar piston da aka ambata a sama. Ya isa a faɗi cewa fistan da zoben fistan suna tafiya tare da saman silinda a cikin gudun har zuwa 15 m/s! Ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa an biya hankali sosai don tabbatar da tsauraran wuraren aiki na cylinders. Me yasa yake da mahimmanci haka? Kowane zube a cikin tsarin gaba ɗaya yana kaiwa kai tsaye zuwa raguwar ingantattun injin injin. Ƙara yawan rata tsakanin pistons da cylinders kuma yana rinjayar lalacewar yanayin lubrication, ciki har da mafi mahimmancin batu, watau. akan madaidaicin fim ɗin mai. Don rage mummunan juzu'i (tare da zazzaɓi na abubuwa ɗaya), ana amfani da abubuwan ƙara ƙarfi. Ɗaya daga cikin sababbin hanyoyin da ake amfani da su a halin yanzu shine rage nauyin pistons da kansu, suna aiki a cikin silinda na sassan wutar lantarki na zamani.
NanoSlide - karfe da aluminum
To, ta yaya za a iya cimma burin da aka ambata a sama a aikace? Mercedes yana amfani da, alal misali, fasahar NanoSlide, wanda ke amfani da pistons na karfe maimakon abin da ake kira ƙarfafan aluminum. Ƙarfe pistons, kasancewa masu sauƙi (sun fi 13 mm ƙasa da na aluminum), suna ba da izini, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, rage yawan nauyin crankshaft counterweights da kuma taimakawa wajen ƙara ƙarfin crankshaft bearings da piston fil ɗaukar kanta. Yanzu ana ƙara amfani da wannan maganin a cikin wutar lantarki da injunan kunnawa. Menene fa'idodin fasahar NanoSlide? Bari mu fara daga farko: maganin da Mercedes ya gabatar ya haɗa da haɗin pistons na karfe tare da gidaje na aluminum (cylinders). Ka tuna cewa yayin aikin injin na yau da kullun, zafin aiki na piston yana da yawa sama da saman Silinda. A lokaci guda, madaidaicin faɗaɗa madaidaiciyar allo na aluminium kusan sau biyu na simintin ƙarfe na simintin ƙarfe (mafi yawan silinda da aka yi amfani da su a halin yanzu ana yin su daga na ƙarshe). Yin amfani da haɗin ginin gida na piston-aluminum na karfe zai iya rage girman hawan piston a cikin Silinda. Fasahar NanoSlide kuma ta haɗa da, kamar yadda sunan ke nunawa, abin da ake kira sputtering. nanocrystalline shafi a kan m surface na Silinda, wanda muhimmanci rage roughness na ta surface. Duk da haka, game da pistons da kansu, an yi su ne da ƙirƙira da ƙarfe mai ƙarfi. Saboda gaskiyar cewa sun kasance ƙasa da takwarorinsu na aluminum, ana kuma siffanta su da ƙananan nauyi. Ƙarfe pistons suna ba da mafi kyawun yanayin aiki na Silinda, wanda kai tsaye yana ƙara ƙarfin injin ta hanyar ƙara yawan zafin jiki a cikin ɗakin konewa. Wannan, bi da bi, yana fassara zuwa mafi kyawun ingancin kunnawa kanta da kuma ingantaccen konewar cakuda mai-iska.
