Injin silinda guda uku. Bita da aikace-aikace

Fiat 126p yana da injin silinda guda biyu, kuma hakan ya isa, saboda Poles sun kai 'ya'yansu zuwa birni, zuwa hutun teku har ma zuwa Turkiyya, Italiya ko Faransa! Don haka shin nau'in silinda guda uku yana suka da yawancin masu amfani da Intanet da gaske wuce gona da iri kan buƙatun tuƙi?

Injin silinda uku a 'yan shekarun da suka gabata

Duk wanda ya samu damar tuka mota kirar Toyota Aygo, Citroen C1, ko Peugeot 107 na shekarar 2005-2014, tabbas ya tuna da al'adar injin silinda mai lamba 1,0. Tuki yayi kamar injin zai karye, ya fashe, ya fashe. Sai kawai lokacin da saurin injin ya kai kimanin 2000 rpm, naúrar ta kai matakin da direbobi suka sami ra'ayi cewa suna tuki "motar maye gurbin" ba "mower na musamman ba". Don haka menene idan bayanan fasaha ya nuna ikon kusan lita 70. cranked engine" da muke da shi lokacin lodawa. Tun daga wannan lokacin, na (da yawancin masu amfani da Intanet) na ƙiyayya ga injunan silinda uku.

Ragewa hanya ce ta muhalli, mai yawa da ƙaya

Tun lokacin da aka cimma ƙananan amfani da man fetur ya zama abin sha'awa ga kowane mai sana'a, wanda aka tsara ta hanyar dokoki, an ƙaddamar da ka'idar ragewa, watau. raguwar girman injin yayin da yake ƙara ƙarfinsa. Manufar wannan maganin shine daidai don rage yawan man fetur, da kuma rage fitar da CO2.

Ci gaban wannan tsarin ya sami damar samun ci gaba na tsarin wutar lantarki, kuma wannan fasaha ta dogara ne akan allurar mai kai tsaye da injin turbocharger. Direct man allura cimma wani uniform da daidai atomization na iska-man gas a cikin konewa jam'iyya, tare da amfani da yadda ya dace, da kuma godiya ga turbocharger, muna samun karin mikakke ikon kwana, ba tare da hanzari tsalle.

Abin takaici, lamarin ya fi muni tare da injunan da ba su da turbocharger. Duk da cewa sabbin tsarin allura da allura da taswirorin kunna wuta suna ba da damar juzu'in Nm 95, wanda aka rigaya ya kasance a cikin kewayon rev na ƙasa, sarrafa injin daga farkon farawa zuwa kusan 1500-1800 rpm har yanzu bai yi daɗi sosai ba. Duk da haka, kamar yadda masana'antun ke alfahari, injiniyoyi sun sami nasarar rage yawan motsi a cikin ƙirar haɗin haɗin gwiwar idan aka kwatanta da injunan silinda guda uku na baya, kuma igiyoyi masu haɗawa da pistons tare da jagororin ƙasa suna ingantawa don nauyin nauyi wanda ba tare da sadaukarwa ta'aziyya ba, Za a iya raba ma'aunin ma'auni da aka saba amfani da su akan injuna tare da silinda guda uku. Duk da haka, wannan ka'ida ce. A cikin shekaru goma na biyu na karni na XNUMX, dole ne mu lura: hakika waɗannan injunan sun fi shekaru ashirin da suka wuce, amma duk da haka akwai ainihin abyss tsakanin su da nau'in silinda hudu.

Abin farin ciki, ana samun raka'a ba tare da injin turbin ba kawai a cikin motocin A-segment (sama!, Citigo, C1) da mafi arha nau'ikan sassan B, watau. samfuran da ake sarrafa su a hankali kuma galibi a cikin birni.

Idan mutum yana so ya sami motar B-segment tare da kyakkyawan aikin tuki, yanzu za'a iya siyan sigar wannan sashin mafi tsada, tare da injin turbocharged, kuma a lokaci guda yana da al'adun injin mafi girma (misali, Nissan Micra Visia). + farashi tare da injin 1.0 71KM - PLN 52 da 290 turbo 0.9 HP - PLN 90).

Silinda guda uku - injin turbine da fasahar zamani

Yawancin injunan da ke samuwa a kasuwa a yau suna turbocharged. A cikin hali na mafi mashahuri injuna VW kungiyar, shi ne 1.0 raka'a da wadannan capacities: 90 KM, 95 km, 110 KM da kuma 115 KM, a cikin Opel akwai 1.0 injuna 90 KM da 105 KM, da kuma a cikin mota. yanayin sigar ƙungiyar PSA - 1.2 PureTech raka'a tare da ikon 110 da 130 hp A matsayin misali na sabon bincike, yana da daraja ambaton bayanan ƙira na rukunin VW:

Shugaban Silinda mai bawul huɗu a cikin injuna an yi shi da allo na aluminum. Ana samun bawuloli a digiri 21 (shigarwa) ko digiri 22,4 (sharewa) kuma ana kunna su ta hanyar abin nadi. An haɗa nau'in shaye-shaye a cikin kan silinda kamar yadda ƙirar ke ba injinan damar isa ga mafi kyawun zafin jiki da sauri. Saboda tashoshin shaye-shaye suna haɗuwa a cikin kai a tsakiyar flange, mai sanyaya yana yin zafi da sauri yayin farawa sanyi. Koyaya, yayin aiki na yau da kullun, rafin iskar gas yana yin sanyi da sauri, yana barin injina suyi aiki tare da madaidaicin man fetur zuwa iska na lambda = 1. A sakamakon haka, fitar da iskar gas yana raguwa kuma an rage yawan amfani da mai.

Da alama, saboda haka, manufa ta fasaha, amma ...

Ba kowane injin ya dace ba... kowace mota

Abin takaici, wannan yaƙin neman zaɓe na muhalli don amfani da "ƙa'idodin kore" ya sa injinan silinda guda uku maganin duk wasu cututtuka. A cikin ƙasashen da ke da al'adun muhalli mafi girma fiye da Poland (inda tarkacen mota, wanda ya yi aiki a lokacinsa a cikin ƙasashen wayewa, ana shigo da shi tare da bude hannu ba tare da sarrafawa ba), ana amfani da ƙa'idodin watsi da sababbin yanayin muhalli fiye da juzu'i tare da ƙãra CO2 watsi. . Duk da haka, sau da yawa wannan "takarda" ne kawai.

 Duba kuma: Yadda ake ajiye mai?

Bayan samun damar gwada motoci masu yawa na 208-Silinda kamar: Up!, Citigo, Skoda Rapid, Peugeot 3, Opel Corsa, Citroen C3 da C1.0 Aircross, Ina tsammanin injunan 110-Silinda babban zaɓi ne na gaske (musamman). turbo zažužžukan). Ba wai kawai motocin da gaske suke amfani da man fetur ba tare da lallausan famfo a kan fedar iskar gas, har ma tare da motsa jiki, za ku iya jin fa'idodin turbocharging da "harba" yayin haɓakawa. Bugu da ƙari, ana ɗaukar waɗannan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan da ake amfani da su a cikin birni da ƙaramin hawan karshen mako. Ina da abubuwan tunawa na musamman game da Skoda Rapid tare da injin 4,7 100 KM DSG, wanda ya dace saboda girman samfurin (an gwada shi a lokacin rani lokacin da na ɗora kekuna a ciki), yawan mai da kuzarin tuki. (bayan, wannan shi ne wani wajen babban mota, da kuma cinye 55 l / XNUMX km), da kuma ... XNUMX-lita man fetur tank.

Karanta kuma: Gwajin Mazda 6 tare da SkyActiv-G 2.0 165 hp injin mai

Koyaya, amfani da ƙaramin injin silinda uku a cikin manyan motoci cikakkiyar fahimta ce. Kamar yadda na gwada akan Skoda Octavia 1.0 115 KM tare da akwatin gear na DSG, tuƙi ba motsi ba ne na tattalin arziƙi, amma farkon farawa a kowane hasken zirga-zirga. Wannan shi ne saboda ƙananan karfin juyi na pre-turbo. A sakamakon haka, yayin tuki, muna ƙara gas don motsa mota mai nauyi, babba kuma ... ba kome ba. Don haka muna ƙara ƙarin iskar gas, injin turbine ya shiga kuma ... muna samun kashi na juzu'i a kan ƙafafun da ke sa mu karya motsi. Yana da halayyar cewa sigar da wannan injin ɗin ba ta da ƙarfin tattalin arziki a cikin birni fiye da sauran samfuran, amma a kan babbar hanyar ba ta da kuzari, ƙasa da sassauƙa da ... - kamar yadda aka damu da yawa - ƙarin man fetur.

Wannan shawara ta "kananan korayen motoci" a matsayin abin da ke tattare da muradin muhalli na gwamnatocin jihohi a halin yanzu babbar annoba ce. Yadda za a bayyana cewa Skoda Octavia model yana amfani da 1.0 115K (3-cyl), 1.5 150KM da kuma 2.0 190km man fetur engine (245 RS yana da alaka da wani gagarumin sake ginawa na aka gyara), kuma a cikin Opel Astra 1.0 105KM (3-cyl). cyl), 1.4 125 km, 14 150 km da 1.6 200 km, yayin da Peugeot 3008 SUV yana da injuna 1.2 130 km (3-Silinda) da kuma 1.6 180 km? Irin wannan babban yaduwa a cikin samar da injin shine sakamakon sha'awar samun ƙananan iskar CO2 da kuma samun tayin mai rahusa a kasuwa ta hanyar rangwame akan zaɓi na ƙananan (takarda). Yana da halayyar cewa juzu'ai tare da injunan 3-Silinda mafi rauni yawanci yawanci kawai a cikin zaɓin kayan aiki mafi arha.

Ra'ayin abokin ciniki

A halin yanzu, samfura masu injinan silinda uku na zamani sun kasance a kasuwa na ɗan gajeren lokaci don nemo ra'ayoyi da yawa, amma ga wasu:

Citroen C3 1.2 82 km - Ana jin silinda guda uku, amma ni kaina ban damu ba. Hanzarta zuwa 90/100 yana da kyau kuma al'ada ce. Bayan haka, dawakai 82 ne kawai, don haka kada ku yi tsammanin mu'ujiza. Injin kankanin ne, mai sauki, ba tare da kwampreso ba, don haka ina fata zai dade muku”;

Volkswagen Polo 1.0 75 HP – “Injin tattalin arziki, kawai yana kara a farkon sanyi. A cikin birni mai aiki, a kan manyan hanyoyi ba tare da matsala ba, 140-150 km / h ba tare da kuka ba ";

Skoda Octavia 1.0 115 hp - "Motar da ke kan babbar hanya tana ƙone ɗan ƙaramin man fetur, ba kamar yadda ake tuƙi a cikin birni ba, a nan sakamakon yana da ban sha'awa" (watakila, mai amfani yana da saurin tuki a kan babbar hanya - BK);

Skoda Octavia 1.0 115 hp "Yana da kyau sosai kuma ƙarfin yana da ƙasa sosai. Yawancin ni kaɗai nake tafiya, amma na yi tafiya tare da iyalina (mutane 5) kuma zan iya yin hakan. Na fara jin rashin ƙarfi sama da gudun 160 km / h. CONS - ya kasance mai cin abinci ";

Peugeot 3008 1.2 130 km “Kuma injunan fasaha mai tsafta 1.2 tare da atomatik ya gaza, kuma matsakaicin yawan man da ake amfani da shi a cikin birane shine lita 11 zuwa 12 a amfani da shi. A kan hanya a 90 km / h yana yiwuwa a sauka zuwa lita 7,5. Dangantaka mai ƙarfi tare da mutum ɗaya a cikin mota ";

Peugeot 3008 1.2 130 km - "Injin: Idan ba don konewa ba, yanayin irin wannan ƙaramin injin yana da gamsarwa."

Ilimin halitta

Tun da yake dole ne motocin da injinan silinda guda uku su zama amsar bukatun muhalli don rage hayakin hayaki, yana da kyau a tuna da gaskiyar da na samu a taron ƙungiyar gwamnatoci kan sauyin yanayi (IPCC). Daga nan ne aka ruwaito cewa, a lokacin da ake kona lita 1 na man fetur, ana samar da 2370 g na CO₂, wanda hakan ke nufin cewa motoci na kara samun moriyar muhalli idan sun ci karancin man fetur. A aikace, a cikin birni, waɗannan za su zama matasan, kuma a kan babbar hanya, motoci tare da manyan injuna suna tuki tare da ƙaramin nauyi (alal misali, Mazda 3 yana da injunan 1.5 100-horsepower kawai da injin lita biyu 120 hp / 165 hp. ). Don haka, nau'ikan silinda guda uku kawai "aikin takarda" ne kawai wanda dole ne ya bi ka'idoji, amma a zahiri abin da ake tsammanin dan majalisa ya yi amfani da ka'idoji da ilimin halittu, amfani da man fetur da jin daɗin tuki da mai amfani ya ji ya bambanta sosai.

Bugu da kari, yana da kyau a tuna cewa ba masana'antar kera kera ke zama mafi girman lalata yanayi ba. Dangane da ainihin kiyasin IPCC, tushen iskar CO₂ a duniya sune kamar haka: makamashi - 25,9%, masana'antu - 19,4%, gandun daji - 17,4%, noma - 13,5%, sufuri - 13,1%, gonaki - 7,9%. , najasa - 2,8%. Ya kamata a lura cewa darajar da aka nuna a matsayin sufuri, wanda shine 13,1%, ya ƙunshi abubuwa da yawa: motoci (6,0%), layin dogo, jirgin sama da jigilar kaya (3,6%), da manyan motoci (3,5%).  

Don haka, motoci ba su ne mafi girman gurɓata muhalli a duniya ba, kuma shigar da ƙananan injuna ba zai magance matsalar hayaki ba. Haka ne, yana iya zama abin sha'awa don adana kuɗi a cikin yanayin ƙananan motoci da ke tafiya mafi yawa a cikin birni, amma injin silinda uku a cikin babban tsarin iyali shine rashin fahimta.