Trambler: na'urar da ka'idar aiki

Mai rarrabawa, ko mai rarraba wutan wuta, wani muhimmin kashi ne na injin konewa na ciki. Godiya ne ga mai rarrabawa cewa an sanya motsin lantarki a kowane ɗayan tartsatsin tartsatsin, wanda ke haifar da fitarwa tare da kunna cakuda mai da iska a cikin ɗakin konewar kowane pistons.

Zane na wannan na'ura ya kasance kusan baya canzawa tun ƙirƙira ta a cikin 1912 da ɗan Amurka mai ƙirƙira kuma ɗan kasuwa mai nasara Charles Kettering (Charles Franklin Kettering). Musamman, Kettering shine wanda ya kafa sanannen kamfanin Delco, yana da haƙƙin mallaka na 186 masu alaƙa da tsarin kunna wutar lantarki.

Bari muyi kokarin fahimtar na'urar da ka'idar aiki na mai rarraba wutar lantarki.

Na'urar

Ba za mu bayyana dalla-dalla kowane mai wanki da bazara ba, tunda akwai labarin akan gidan yanar gizon mu Vodi.su wanda aka bayyana na'urar mai karyawa sosai.

Manyan abubuwan sune:

• Driver mai rarraba (rotor) - abin nadi mai katsewa wanda ke aiki tare da kayan aikin camshaft ko na musamman (dangane da ƙirar injin);
• wutan wuta tare da iska biyu;
• mai katsewa - a ciki akwai cam clutch, rukuni na lambobin sadarwa, centrifugal clutch;
• mai rarrabawa - slider (an haɗa shi zuwa madaidaicin madaidaicin magudanar ruwa kuma yana juyawa tare da shi), murfin mai rarrabawa (wayoyi masu ƙarfi suna tafiya daga gare ta zuwa kowane kyandir).

Har ila yau, wani abu mai mahimmanci na mai rarrabawa shine mai sarrafa lokacin kunna wuta. Da'irar ya haɗa da capacitor, babban aikin wanda shine ɗaukar wani ɓangare na cajin, don haka kare ƙungiyar lambobin sadarwa daga saurin narkewa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar babban ƙarfin lantarki.

Bugu da ƙari, dangane da nau'in mai rarrabawa, a cikin ƙananan ɓangaren, an haɗa shi da tsari tare da abin nadi, an shigar da madaidaicin octane, wanda ke daidaita saurin juyawa don wani nau'in mai - lambar octane. A cikin tsofaffin nau'ikan, dole ne a gyara shi da hannu. Menene lambar octane, mun kuma fada akan gidan yanar gizon mu Vodi.su.

Yadda yake aiki

Ka'idar aiki abu ne mai sauƙi.

Lokacin da ka kunna maɓalli a cikin kunnawa, ana kammala da'irar lantarki kuma ana ba da wutar lantarki daga baturi zuwa mai farawa. The Starter bendix shiga tare da crankshaft flywheel kambi, bi da bi, motsi daga crankshaft ana daukar kwayar cutar zuwa tuƙi kaya na ƙonewa shaft.

A wannan yanayin, da'irar tana rufewa a kan iskar farko na nada kuma ƙarancin wutar lantarki yana faruwa. Lambobin sadarwa suna buɗewa kuma babban ƙarfin lantarki na yanzu suna taruwa a kewayen na biyu na nada. Sa'an nan kuma ana ba da wannan halin yanzu zuwa murfin mai rarraba - a cikin ƙananan ɓangarensa akwai lambar sadarwa na graphite - coal ko goga.

Mai gudu koyaushe yana hulɗa da wannan na'ura ta tsakiya kuma, yayin da yake juyawa, yana watsa wani ɓangare na ƙarfin lantarki a madadin kowane ɗayan lambobin sadarwa masu alaƙa da wani filogi na musamman. Wato, wutar lantarki da aka jawo a cikin naɗaɗɗen kunnawa ana rarraba daidai gwargwado tsakanin dukkan kyandirori huɗu.

Ana haɗe mai sarrafa injin injin ta bututu zuwa wurin da ake ɗauka - sarari magudanar ruwa. Dangane da haka, yana amsawa ga canji a cikin ƙarfin isar da iskar gas ga injin kuma yana canza lokacin kunnawa. Wannan wajibi ne don a ba da tartsatsin zuwa silinda ba a lokacin da piston yake a tsakiyar matattu ba, amma ɗan gabansa. Fashewa zai faru daidai a lokacin da aka yi wa cakuda man fetur da iska a cikin ɗakin konewar, kuma ƙarfinsa zai tura piston ƙasa.

Mai sarrafa centrifugal, wanda ke cikin gidaje, yana amsa canje-canje a cikin saurin juyawa na crankshaft. Ayyukansa kuma shine canza lokacin kunna wuta ta yadda za a yi amfani da man fetur yadda ya kamata.

Ya kamata a lura cewa irin wannan nau'in mai rarrabawa tare da na'ura mai rarrabawa an shigar da shi musamman akan motocin da ke da nau'in carburetor. A bayyane yake cewa idan akwai sassa masu juyawa, sun ƙare. A cikin injunan allura ko ma injunan carburetor na zamani, maimakon injin mai gudu, ana amfani da firikwensin Hall, godiya ga abin da ake aiwatar da rarrabawar ta hanyar canza yanayin magnetic (duba tasirin Hall). Wannan tsarin ya fi dacewa kuma yana ɗaukar ƙananan sarari a ƙarƙashin kaho.

Idan muka yi magana game da motoci mafi zamani tare da allura da rarrabawa, to ana amfani da tsarin wutar lantarki a wurin, wanda kuma ake kira contactless. Ana lura da canjin yanayin aiki na injin ta hanyar na'urori daban-daban - oxygen, crankshaft - daga abin da ake aika sigina zuwa sashin kula da lantarki, kuma an riga an aiko da umarni daga gare ta zuwa tsarin kunna wuta.

Ana lodawa…