Tsarin man fetur na man fetur da injunan dizal

Tsarin wutar lantarki yana ba da babban aikin wutar lantarki - isar da makamashi daga tankin mai zuwa injin konewa na ciki (ICE) wanda ke canza shi zuwa motsi na inji. Yana da mahimmanci don haɓaka shi ta yadda injin koyaushe yana karɓar man fetur ko dizal a daidai adadin, babu ƙari kuma ba ƙasa ba, a cikin kowane nau'ikan aiki daban-daban. Kuma idan zai yiwu, ajiye sigogin ku na tsawon lokaci ba tare da rasa daidaiton aikin ba.

Manufar da aiki na tsarin man fetur

A kan kara girma, ayyukan tsarin sun kasu kashi zuwa sufuri da dosing. Kayan aikin na farko sun haɗa da:

• tankin mai inda ake adana man fetur ko dizal;
• famfo masu haɓakawa tare da matsi daban-daban na kanti;
• tsarin tacewa don tsabta da tsabta, tare da ko ba tare da tankuna ba;
• layukan man fetur daga sassauƙa da ƙaƙƙarfan hoses da bututun mai tare da kayan aiki masu dacewa;
• ƙarin na'urori don samun iska, dawo da tururi da aminci a yanayin haɗari.

Ana yin alluran adadin man da ake buƙata ta tsarin matakan rikitarwa daban-daban, waɗannan sun haɗa da:

• carburetors a cikin tsofaffin injuna;
• sassan sarrafa injin tare da tsarin na'urori masu auna firikwensin da masu kunnawa;
• man injectors;
• high matsa lamba famfo tare da dosing ayyuka;
• inji da na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa controls.

Samar da man fetur yana da alaƙa da samar da injin da iska, amma duk da haka waɗannan tsare-tsare daban-daban ne, don haka alaƙar da ke tsakanin su ana yin ta ne kawai ta hanyar masu sarrafa lantarki da nau'ikan abubuwan amfani.

Ƙungiyar samar da man fetur

Biyu tsarin ne fundamentally daban-daban da suke da alhakin daidai abun da ke ciki na aiki cakuda - carburetor, inda kudi na fetur wadata ne m da gudun da iska kwarara tsotsa a cikin pistons, da kuma allura a karkashin matsa lamba, inda tsarin kawai saka idanu. kwararar iska da yanayin injin, tana yin amfani da man fetur da kanta.

Carburetor

Samar da man fetur tare da taimakon carburetors ya riga ya tsufa, tun da yake ba shi yiwuwa a bi ka'idodin muhalli tare da shi. Ko da yin amfani da na'urorin lantarki ko na'ura mai kwakwalwa a cikin carburetors bai taimaka ba. Yanzu ba a amfani da waɗannan na'urori.

Ka'idar aiki na carburetor shine ya ratsa ta cikin masu watsawa wani rafi na iska wanda aka nufa zuwa nau'in abin sha. Matsakaicin ƙididdiga na musamman na masu rarrabawa ya haifar da raguwar matsa lamba a cikin jet ɗin iska dangane da matsa lamba na yanayi. Sakamakon digon da aka samu, an samar da fetur daga masu feshi. An iyakance adadinsa ta hanyar ƙirƙirar emulsion mai a cikin abun da aka ƙayyade ta hanyar haɗin man fetur da jiragen sama.

Ana sarrafa carburetors ta hanyar ƙananan canje-canje a cikin matsa lamba dangane da yawan magudanar ruwa, kawai matakin man fetur a cikin ɗakin da ke kan ruwa ya kasance akai-akai, wanda aka kiyaye shi ta hanyar yin famfo da rufe bawul ɗin rufewa. Akwai tsarin da yawa a cikin carburetors, kowannensu yana da alhakin yanayin injinsa, tun daga farawa har zuwa ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki. Duk wannan ya yi aiki, amma ingancin dosing ƙarshe ya zama mara gamsarwa. Ba shi yiwuwa a daidaita cakuda daidai gwargwado, wanda ya zama dole don masu canza iskar iskar gas da ke fitowa.

Allurar mai

Kafaffen allurar matsa lamba yana da fa'idodi na asali. An ƙirƙira shi ta hanyar famfo na lantarki da aka shigar a cikin tanki tare da haɗakarwa ko mai sarrafawa mai nisa kuma ana kiyaye shi tare da daidaiton da ake buƙata. Darajarta tana cikin tsari na yanayi da yawa.

Ana ba da fetur ga injin ta hanyar injectors, waɗanda suke solenoid bawuloli tare da atomizers. Suna buɗewa lokacin da suka karɓi sigina daga tsarin sarrafa injin lantarki (ECM), kuma bayan lokacin ƙididdigewa sun rufe, suna sakin daidai adadin man da ake buƙata don sake zagayowar injin guda ɗaya.

Da farko, an yi amfani da bututun ƙarfe guda ɗaya, wanda yake a madadin carburetor. Irin wannan tsarin ana kiransa tsakiya ko allura ɗaya. Ba a kawar da duk gazawar ba, don haka ƙarin sifofi na zamani suna da nau'ikan nozzles na kowane silinda.

An rarraba tsarin alluran da aka rarraba da kai tsaye (kai tsaye) bisa ga wurin nozzles. A cikin akwati na farko, masu injectors suna ba da man fetur zuwa ga ma'aunin abin da ake ci, kusa da bawul. A cikin wannan yanki, ana ƙara yawan zafin jiki. Takaitacciyar hanya zuwa ɗakin konewa ba ta ƙyale man fetur ya tashe ba, wanda shine matsala ta allura guda ɗaya. Bugu da kari, ya zama mai yiwuwa a aiwatar da kwararar ruwa, yana fitar da fetur sosai a daidai lokacin da bawul ɗin shan wani silinda ya buɗe.

Tsarin alluran kai tsaye yana aiki da inganci. Lokacin da nozzles suna cikin kawunansu kuma an gabatar da su kai tsaye a cikin ɗakin konewa, yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da mafi kyawun hanyoyin zamani na allura da yawa a cikin zagayowar guda ɗaya ko biyu, ƙyalli mai ƙyalli da hadaddun juyawa na cakuda. Wannan yana ƙara haɓaka aiki, amma yana haifar da matsalolin aminci waɗanda ke haifar da tsadar sassa da taro. Musamman, muna buƙatar famfo mai matsa lamba mai ƙarfi (famfo mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi), nozzles na musamman da kuma tabbatar da cewa an tsabtace sashin shayarwa daga gurɓataccen tsari ta hanyar sake zagayowar tsarin, saboda yanzu ba a ba da iskar gas zuwa sha ba.

Kayayyakin mai don injunan diesel

Aiki tare da matsawa ƙonewa HFO yana da nasa ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun atomization da babban matsawar dizal. Don haka, kayan aikin mai ba su da alaƙa da injinan mai.

Rarrabe famfun allura da alluran naúrar

Babban matsa lamba da ake buƙata don allura mai inganci a cikin iska mai zafi mai matsananciyar matsa lamba ana ƙirƙira shi ta hanyar famfo mai matsa lamba. Bisa ga tsarin gargajiya, ga masu shigar da shi, wato, piston nau'i-nau'i da aka yi tare da ƙarancin izini, ana ba da man fetur ta hanyar famfo mai ƙarfafawa bayan tsaftacewa sosai. Injin ne ke tuƙa tulun ta hanyar camshaft. Irin wannan famfo yana yin allurai ta hanyar jujjuya plungers ta hanyar rakiyar kayan aiki da aka haɗa da fedal, kuma lokacin yin allurar an ƙayyade shi saboda aiki tare da ramukan rarraba iskar gas da kasancewar ƙarin masu sarrafawa ta atomatik.

Kowane nau'in plunger yana haɗe ta hanyar layin mai mai ƙarfi zuwa injectors, waɗanda ke da sauƙaƙan bawul ɗin da aka ɗora a cikin bazara waɗanda ke kaiwa cikin ɗakunan konewa. Don sauƙaƙe ƙira, ana amfani da abin da ake kira famfo-injectors a wasu lokuta, waɗanda ke haɗa ayyukan famfo mai matsananciyar matsa lamba da masu fesa saboda wutar lantarki daga camshaft cams. Suna da nasu plungers da bawuloli.

Babban nau'in allura na gama gari

Ka'idar sarrafa wutar lantarki na nozzles da aka haɗa da layi mai ƙarfi na gama gari ya zama cikakke. Kowannen su yana da bawul na lantarki ko na'ura mai amfani da wuta (piezoelectric valve) wanda ke buɗewa da rufewa bisa umarnin naúrar lantarki. Matsayin famfo na allura yana raguwa kawai don kiyaye matsa lamba da ake buƙata a cikin dogo, wanda, tare da wannan ka'ida, ana iya kawowa har zuwa yanayi 2000 ko fiye. Wannan ya ba da damar sarrafa injin ɗin daidai kuma ya dace da shi cikin sabbin ƙa'idodi masu guba.

Aikace-aikacen layin dawo da mai

Baya ga isar da man fetur kai tsaye zuwa sashin injin, wani lokacin ma ana amfani da magudanar ruwa ta hanyar layin dawowa daban. Wannan yana da dalilai daban-daban, tun daga sauƙaƙe ƙa'idar matsa lamba a wurare daban-daban a cikin tsarin, zuwa tsarin ci gaba da yaduwar man fetur. Kwanan nan, ba a cika amfani da koma baya a cikin tanki ba, yawanci ana buƙata kawai don magance matsalolin gida, alal misali, sarrafa na'urorin lantarki na nozzles kai tsaye.