Photon mai duhu. Neman ganuwa
Photon wani yanki ne na farko mai alaƙa da haske. Duk da haka, kusan shekaru goma, wasu masana kimiyya sun gaskata cewa akwai abin da suke kira photon mai duhu ko duhu. Ga mutum na gari, irin wannan tsari ya zama kamar saba wa kansa. Ga masana kimiyya, wannan yana da ma'ana, domin, a ra'ayinsu, yana haifar da tona asirin abubuwan duhu.
Sabbin nazarin bayanai daga gwaje-gwajen hanzari, galibin sakamako BaBar detectornuna min ina duhu photon ba a boye yake ba, watau ya kebance yankunan da ba a same shi ba. Gwajin BaBar, wanda ya gudana daga 1999 zuwa 2008 a SLAC (Stanford Linear Accelerator Center) a Menlo Park, California, ya tattara bayanai daga karo na electrons da positrons, tabbatacce cajin electron antiparticles. Babban ɓangaren gwajin, wanda ake kira PKP-II, an gudanar da shi tare da haɗin gwiwar SLAC, Berkeley Lab, da Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Sama da masana kimiyyar lissafi 630 daga kasashe goma sha uku ne suka yi hadin gwiwa kan BaBar a kololuwar sa.
Sabon bincike ya yi amfani da kusan kashi 10% na bayanan BaBar da aka rubuta a cikin shekaru biyu na ƙarshe na aiki. Bincike ya mayar da hankali kan nemo ɓangarorin da ba a haɗa su cikin Madaidaicin Model na kimiyyar lissafi ba. Sakamakon makircin yana nuna yankin bincike (kore) da aka bincika a cikin nazarin bayanan BaBar inda ba a sami hotuna masu duhu ba. jadawali kuma yana nuna wuraren bincike don wasu gwaje-gwaje. Jajayen mashaya yana nuna wurin don bincika ko duhu photon yana haifar da abin da ake kira g-2 bakuma fararen filayen sun kasance ba a bincika ba don kasancewar photon masu duhu. Har ila yau, ginshiƙi yana yin la'akari gwaji NA64da CERN.
Hoto. Maximilian Bris/CERN
Kamar photon na yau da kullun, photon mai duhu zai canza ƙarfin lantarki tsakanin ƙwayoyin duhu. Hakanan yana iya nuna alaƙa mai yuwuwar rauni tare da al'amuran yau da kullun, ma'ana cewa ana iya samar da photons masu duhu a cikin karon ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. Binciken da aka yi a baya ya kasa gano alamunsa, amma gabaɗaya an ɗauka cewa hotuna masu duhu za su ruɓe zuwa electrons ko wasu abubuwan da ake iya gani.
Don sabon bincike a BaBar, an yi la'akari da yanayin da baƙar fata ke samuwa kamar photon na yau da kullun a cikin karo na electron-positron, sa'an nan kuma ya lalace zuwa barbashi mai duhu na kwayoyin da ba a iya gani ga mai ganowa. A wannan yanayin, ƙwayar cuta guda ɗaya kawai za a iya gano - photon na yau da kullun yana ɗauke da adadin kuzari. Don haka ƙungiyar ta nemi takamaiman abubuwan makamashi waɗanda suka dace da tarin photon mai duhu. Bai sami irin wannan bugun ba akan talakawan 8 GeV.
Yuri Kolomensky, masanin kimiyyar nukiliya a dakin bincike na Berkeley kuma memba na Sashen Kimiyyar lissafi a Jami'ar California, Berkeley, ya fada a cikin wata sanarwa da ya fitar cewa "sa hannu na photon mai duhu a cikin na'urar ganowa zai kasance mai sauƙi kamar mai girma. makamashi photon kuma babu wani aiki." Photon guda daya da kwayar katako ke fitarwa zai nuna alamar cewa electron ya yi karo da positron kuma cewa duhun photon da ba a iya gani ya lalace ya koma duhun barbashi na kwayoyin halitta, ganuwa ga mai ganowa, suna bayyana kansu cikin rashin wani makamashin da ke tare da su.
Hakanan ana sanya hoton duhu don bayyana rashin daidaituwa tsakanin abubuwan da aka lura na muon spin da ƙimar da Madaidaicin Model ya annabta. Manufar ita ce auna wannan kadarorin tare da mafi kyawun sanannen daidaito. muon gwaji g-2wanda aka gudanar a dakin gwaje-gwaje na gaggawa na Fermi. Kamar yadda Kolomensky ya ce, bincike na baya-bayan nan na sakamakon gwajin BaBar ya fi “kore yiwuwar bayyana g-2 anomaly dangane da duhu photons, amma kuma yana nufin cewa wani abu dabam ne ke motsa g-2 anomaly.”
Lottie Ackerman, Matthew R. Buckley, Sean M. Carroll da Mark Kamionkowski sun fara gabatar da baƙar fata a cikin 2008 don yin bayanin "g-2 anomaly" a cikin gwajin E821 a dakin gwaje-gwaje na National Brookhaven.
duhu portal
Gwajin CERN da aka ambata mai suna NA64, wanda aka gudanar a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kuma ya kasa gano abubuwan da ke tattare da photons masu duhu. Kamar yadda aka ruwaito a cikin wata kasida a cikin "Haruffa Nazari na Jiki", bayan nazarin bayanan, masana kimiyya daga Geneva ba su iya samun hotuna masu duhu da yawa daga 10 GeV zuwa 70 GeV.
Koyaya, da yake tsokaci kan waɗannan sakamakon, James Beecham na gwajin ATLAS ya bayyana fatansa cewa gazawar farko za ta ƙarfafa ƙungiyoyin ATLAS da CMS masu fafatawa su ci gaba da kallo.
Beecham yayi sharhi a cikin Haruffa Nazari na Jiki. -
Ana kiran gwaji irin na BaBar a Japan Bell IIwanda ake sa ran zai ba da bayanai sau ɗari fiye da BaBar.
Dangane da hasashen masana kimiyya daga Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Koriya ta Kudu, za a iya bayanin sirrin da ke tattare da alakar da ke tsakanin al'amuran yau da kullun da duhu ta hanyar amfani da tsarin tashar da aka sani da "duhu axion portal. Ya dogara ne akan ɓoyayyiyar ɓoyayyiyar ɓangarori guda biyu masu duhu, axion da duhun photon. Portal, kamar yadda sunan ke nunawa, canji ne tsakanin kwayoyin duhu da kimiyyar lissafi da ba a san su ba da abin da muka sani kuma muka fahimta. Haɗa waɗannan duniyoyin biyu wani duhun photon ne wanda ke gefe guda, amma masana kimiyya sun ce ana iya gano shi da kayan aikin mu.
Bidiyo game da gwajin NA64:
Farauta don m duhu photon: gwajin NA64
