Sabbin fasaha a cikin jirgin sama da bayansa

Jirgin sama yana haɓaka ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Jiragen sama suna haɓaka kewayon tashin su, sun zama masu arziƙi, ƙarin iska da haɓaka mafi kyau. Akwai gyare-gyaren gida, kujerun fasinja da filayen jiragen sama da kansu.

Jirgin dai ya dauki tsawon awanni goma sha bakwai babu hutu. Boeing 787-9 Dreamliner Kamfanin jirgin saman Qantas na Australiya dauke da fasinjoji sama da dari biyu da ma'aikata goma sha shida a cikin jirgin ya tashi daga Perth na kasar Australia zuwa filin jirgin sama na Heathrow da ke Landan. Motar ta wuce 14 498 kilomita. Shi ne jirgin na biyu mafi tsawo a duniya bayan da Qatar Airways ta tashi daga Doha zuwa Auckland, New Zealand. Ana la'akari da wannan hanya ta ƙarshe 14 529 kilomita, wanda ke da tsawon kilomita 31.

A halin da ake ciki, kamfanin jirgin saman Singapore ya riga ya jira jigilar wani sabon jirgin. Saukewa: A350-900ULR (jigi mai nisa sosai) don fara sabis na kai tsaye daga New York zuwa Singapore. Jimlar tsawon hanyar zai kasance fiye da kilomita dubu 15. Sigar A350-900ULR tana da takamaiman takamaiman - ba shi da aji na tattalin arziki. An kera jirgin ne don kujeru 67 a bangaren kasuwanci da 94 a bangaren tattalin arziki mai daraja. Yana da ma'ana. Bayan haka, wanene zai iya zama kusan duk yini yana cushe a cikin ɗakin da ya fi arha? Kawai a cikin wasu Tare da irin waɗannan dogayen jirage kai tsaye a cikin ɗakunan fasinja, ana ƙirƙira sabbin abubuwan more rayuwa.

m reshe

Yayin da ƙirar jiragen sama suka ɓullo da su, motsin motsin su ya kasance akai-akai, ko da yake ba masu tsattsauran ra'ayi ba, canje-canje. Bincika ingantaccen ingancin mai Canje-canjen ƙira za a iya haɓaka yanzu, gami da fiɗaɗɗen fuka-fuki masu sassauƙa waɗanda ke ba da iskar laminar na halitta kuma tana sarrafa wannan iskar.

Cibiyar Nazarin Jirgin Sama ta NASA ta Armstrong a California tana aiki akan abin da ta kira m aeroelastic reshe (STALEMATE). Larry Hudson, babban injiniyan gwaji a dakin gwaje-gwajen lodin iska na Cibiyar Armstrong, ya shaidawa kafafen yada labarai cewa wannan hadadden tsari ya fi sauki da sassauya fiye da fikafikan gargajiya. Jirgin sama na kasuwanci na gaba zai iya amfani da shi don ingantaccen ƙira, ajiyar nauyi da tattalin arzikin mai. A lokacin gwaji, masana suna amfani da (FOSS), wanda ke amfani da filaye na gani da aka haɗa tare da saman reshe, wanda zai iya ba da bayanai daga dubban ma'auni na nakasa da damuwa a lokacin aiki.

Jirgin jirgin sama - aikin

Ƙananan fuka-fuki masu sassauƙa suna rage ja da nauyi, amma suna buƙatar sabon ƙira da mafita. kawar da rawar jiki. Hanyoyin da ake haɓaka suna da alaƙa, musamman, tare da m, aeroelastic daidaita tsarin ta amfani da profiled composites ko kerarre na karfe Additives, kazalika da aiki da iko na motsi saman na fuka-fuki domin rage motsa jiki da kuma fashewa lodi. dampen reshe vibrations. Misali, Jami'ar Nottingham, Burtaniya, tana haɓaka dabarun sarrafawa masu aiki don tudun jiragen sama waɗanda za su iya haɓaka haɓakar iska na jirgin sama. Wannan yana ba da damar rage juriya na iska da kusan 25%. Sakamakon haka, jirgin zai tashi sosai cikin kwanciyar hankali, wanda zai haifar da raguwar yawan man fetur da hayaƙin COXNUMX.₂.

Geometry mai canzawa

Hukumar NASA ta yi nasarar aiwatar da sabuwar fasahar da ke ba da damar jiragen sama su tashi nadawa fuka-fuki a kusurwoyi daban-daban. Sabbin jiragen sama, da aka gudanar a Cibiyar Nazarin Jirgin Sama ta Armstrong, na cikin aikin Tsawon reshe mai daidaitawa - surfactant. Yana da nufin cimma fa'idodin fa'idodin iska mai fa'ida ta hanyar amfani da sabuwar ƙirar ƙwaƙwalwar siffa mai nauyi wacce za ta ba da damar fuka-fuki na waje da filayen sarrafa su su ninka a kusurwoyi mafi kyau yayin jirgin. Tsarin da ke amfani da wannan sabuwar fasaha na iya yin nauyi har zuwa 80% ƙasa da tsarin gargajiya. Wannan kamfani wani bangare ne na aikin NASA's Converged Aviation Solutions a ƙarƙashin Hukumar Binciken Jirgin Sama.

Sabbin ƙirar gidan jirgin sama

Nade fuka-fuki a cikin jirgin wani sabon abu ne wanda, duk da haka, an riga an yi shi a cikin shekarun 60 ta hanyar amfani da, da sauransu, jirgin XB-70 Valkyrie. Matsalar ita ce ko da yaushe yana da alaƙa da kasancewar manyan injuna masu nauyi da na al'ada da na'urorin lantarki, waɗanda ba su damu da kwanciyar hankali da tattalin arzikin jirgin ba.

Duk da haka, aiwatar da wannan ra'ayi na iya haifar da samar da ingantattun injuna masu amfani da man fetur fiye da da, da kuma sauƙin jigilar jirage masu dogon zango a tashoshin jiragen sama. Bugu da kari, matukan jirgi za su karbi wata na'ura don amsa yanayin yanayin tashi, kamar gusts na iska. Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman fa'idodin fa'idodin nadawa fikafikai yana da alaƙa da jirgin sama na supersonic.

, kuma suna aiki akan abin da ake kira. m jiki - gauraye reshe. Wannan ƙira ce da aka haɗa ba tare da bayyanannun rabuwar fuka-fuki da fuselage na jirgin ba. Wannan haɗin kai yana da fa'ida akan ƙirar jiragen sama na al'ada saboda siffar fuselage kanta yana taimakawa wajen samar da ɗagawa. A lokaci guda, yana rage juriya da nauyin iska, ma'ana cewa sabon ƙirar yana cinye ƙarancin man fetur don haka yana rage fitar da CO.₂.

Yin nunin ƙirar haɗe-haɗe na X-48B

Etching Layer iyaka

Ana kuma gwada su madadin injin shimfidar wuri - sama da reshe da kuma a kan wutsiya, ta yadda za a iya amfani da manyan injin diamita. Zane-zane tare da injunan turbofan ko injin lantarki da aka gina a cikin wutsiya, abin da ake kira "hadiya", sun tashi daga mafita na al'ada. iska iyaka Layerwanda ke rage ja. Masana kimiyya na NASA sun mayar da hankali kan sashin jan hankali na iska kuma suna aiki akan wani ra'ayi da ake kira (BLI). Suna so su yi amfani da shi don rage yawan man fetur, farashin aiki da kuma gurbatar iska a lokaci guda.

 in ji Jim Heidmann, manajan Cibiyar Nazarin Glenn ta Advanced Air Transport Technologies Project, yayin gabatar da kafofin watsa labarai.

Lokacin da jirgin sama ya tashi, an kafa shingen iyaka a kusa da fuselage da fuka-fuki - iska mai motsi a hankali, wanda ke haifar da ƙarin ja mai iska. Ba ya nan gaba ɗaya a gaban jirgin sama mai motsi - an kafa shi lokacin da jirgin ke motsawa ta cikin iska, kuma a bayan motar yana iya kaiwa zuwa dubun santimita da yawa. A cikin tsari na al'ada, layin iyaka kawai yana zamewa akan fuselage sannan ya haɗu da iska a bayan jirgin. Duk da haka, halin da ake ciki zai canza idan muka sanya injuna a kan hanyar iyakar iyaka, alal misali, a ƙarshen jirgin sama, kai tsaye a sama ko bayan fuselage. Daga nan sai iskar layin iyaka a hankali ta shiga cikin injunan, inda ake hanzarta fitar da shi cikin sauri. Wannan baya shafar ikon injin. Amfanin shi ne cewa ta hanyar haɓaka iska, muna rage juriya da iyakar iyaka.

Masana kimiyya sun shirya ayyukan jiragen sama fiye da dozin waɗanda za a iya amfani da irin wannan maganin. Hukumar na fatan za a yi amfani da akalla daya daga cikinsu a cikin jirgin gwajin X, wanda NASA ke son yin amfani da shi nan da shekaru goma masu zuwa don gwada fasahar zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a aikace.

Ganin sabbin kujeru a jirgin sama

Dan uwa tagwaye zai fadi gaskiya

Digital tagwaye ita ce hanya mafi zamani don rage tsadar farashin kayan aiki. Kamar yadda sunan ke nunawa, tagwayen dijital suna ƙirƙirar kwafin albarkatun zahiri ta amfani da bayanan da aka tattara a wasu wurare a cikin injina ko na'urori - kwafin kayan aiki ne na dijital da ke aiki ko kuma aka ƙirƙira su. GE Aviation kwanan nan ya taimaka haɓaka tagwayen dijital na farko a duniya. Tsarin chassis. An shigar da na'urori masu auna firikwensin a wuraren da kasawa ke faruwa yawanci, suna ba da bayanan ainihin lokaci, gami da matsa lamba na hydraulic da zafin birki. Anyi amfani da wannan don tantance sauran yanayin rayuwa na chassis da gano gazawar da wuri.

Ta hanyar sa ido kan tsarin tagwayen dijital, za mu iya ci gaba da saka idanu kan matsayin albarkatu kuma mu karɓi gargaɗin farko, tsinkaya, har ma da shirin aiwatarwa, ƙirar “menene idan” al'amuran - duk don faɗaɗa wadatar albarkatun. kayan aiki akan lokaci. Kamfanonin da ke saka hannun jari a cikin tagwayen dijital za su ga raguwar kashi 30 cikin ɗari a lokutan sake zagayowar don mahimman matakai, gami da kiyayewa, a cewar International Data Corporation.  

Haƙiƙanin haɓaka ga matukin jirgi

Ɗaya daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da aka kirkira a cikin 'yan shekarun nan shine ci gaba nuni da na'urori masu auna sigina jagoran matukan jirgi. NASA da masana kimiyya na Turai suna gwada hakan a yunƙurin taimakawa matukan jirgin su gano da kuma hana matsaloli da barazana. An riga an shigar da nunin a cikin hular matukin jirgin F-35 Lockheed Martinda Thales da Elbit Systems suna haɓaka samfura don matukin jirgi na kasuwanci, musamman ƙananan jiragen sama. Ba da daɗewa ba za a yi amfani da tsarin SkyLens na kamfanin a kan jirgin ATR.

SkyLens ta Elbit Systems

Roba da mai ladabi an riga an yi amfani da su a cikin manyan jiragen kasuwanci. tsarin hangen nesa (SVS / EVS), wanda ke ba matukan jirgi damar sauka a cikin yanayin rashin gani mara kyau. Suna ƙara haɗawa cikin tsarin hangen nesa hade (CVS) da nufin kara wayar da kan matukan jirgi game da yanayi da amincin jadawalin jirgin. Tsarin EVS yana amfani da firikwensin infrared (IR) don inganta gani kuma yawanci ana samun dama ta hanyar nunin HUD (). Elbit Systems, bi da bi, yana da na'urori masu auna firikwensin guda shida, gami da infrared da haske mai gani. Yana ci gaba da fadada don gano barazanar iri-iri kamar toka mai aman wuta a cikin yanayi.

Taba fuskaAn riga an shigar da su a cikin koktocin jet na kasuwanci, suna motsawa zuwa jirgin sama tare da nunin Rockwell Collins don sabon Boeing 777-X. Masu kera Avionics kuma suna kallo ƙwararrun sanin magana a matsayin wani mataki na rage lodi akan taksi. Honeywell yana gwaji da saka idanu akan ayyukan kwakwalwa Don sanin lokacin da matukin jirgin yana da aiki da yawa da zai yi ko kuma hankalinsa yana yawo a wani wuri "a cikin gajimare" - mai yiwuwa kuma game da ikon sarrafa ayyukan kukis.

Koyaya, haɓakar fasaha a cikin jirgin ba zai taimaka sosai ba lokacin da matukan jirgin suka gaji. Mike Sinnett, mataimakin shugaban kamfanin samar da kayayyaki na Boeing kwanan nan ya shaida wa kamfanin dillancin labarai na Reuters cewa ya yi hasashen cewa "za a bukaci guraben ayyuka 41 cikin shekaru ashirin masu zuwa." jirgin sama na kasuwanci. Wannan yana nufin cewa za a buƙaci fiye da mutane 600. karin sabbin matukan jirgi. A ina zan samo su? Shirin magance wannan matsala, aƙalla a cikin Boeing, aikace-aikace na wucin gadi hankali. Kamfanin ya riga ya bayyana shirye-shiryen ƙirƙirar sa kokfit ba tare da matukan jirgi ba. Koyaya, Sinnett ya yi imanin cewa wataƙila ba za su zama gaskiya ba har sai 2040.

Babu tagogi?

Gidajen fasinja yanki ne na sabbin abubuwa inda abubuwa da yawa ke faruwa. Har ma ana bayar da kyautar Oscar a wannan yanki - Crystal Cabin Awards, i.e. lambar yabo ga masu ƙirƙira da masu ƙirƙira waɗanda suka ƙirƙira tsarin da nufin haɓaka ingancin cikin jirgin sama don duka fasinjoji da ma'aikatan jirgin. Duk abin da ke sauƙaƙa rayuwa, yana ƙaruwa da kwanciyar hankali kuma yana haifar da tanadi ana samun lada a nan - daga ɗakin bayan gida zuwa kabad don kayan hannu.

A halin yanzu, Timothy Clark, Shugaban Kamfanin Jiragen Sama na Emirates, ya sanar: jirgin sama mara tagogiwanda zai iya zama ko da rabin nauyin tsarin da ake ciki, wanda ke nufin sauri, mai rahusa kuma mafi kyawun muhalli a cikin gini da aiki. A cikin aji na farko na sabon Boeing 777-300ER, an riga an maye gurbin windows tare da fuska wanda, godiya ga kyamarori da haɗin fiber optic, na iya nuna ra'ayi na waje ba tare da bambance-bambance a bayyane ga ido tsirara ba. Da alama cewa tattalin arzikin ba zai ƙyale gina jiragen sama na "gilashi" da mutane da yawa ke mafarki ba. Maimakon haka, muna iya samun tsinkaya a bango, rufi, ko kujeru a gabanmu.

Ra'ayin cabin tare da rufin da ke hango sararin sama

A shekarar da ta gabata, Boeing ya fara gwada app ɗin wayar hannu ta vCabin, wanda ke ba fasinjoji damar daidaita matakan haske a kusa da su, kiran ma'aikatan jirgin, odar abinci har ma da duba idan gidan wanka ba komai. A halin yanzu, an daidaita wayoyin zuwa kayan aikin ciki kamar kujerun kasuwanci na Recaro CL6710, wanda aka tsara don ba da damar aikace-aikacen wayar hannu su karkatar da kujera gaba da gaba.

Tun a shekarar 2013 hukumomin Amurka ke kokarin dage haramcin amfani da wayar salula a cikin jiragen sama, inda suka nuna cewa hadarin da ke tattare da yin kutse a cikin tsarin sadarwa na cikin jirgin ya ragu da kadan. Ci gaba a wannan yanki zai ba da damar yin amfani da aikace-aikacen wayar hannu yayin jirgin.

Har ila yau, muna ganin ci gaba da sarrafa ƙasa ta atomatik. Kamfanin jiragen sama na Delta a Amurka yana gwaji tare da amfani da su biometrics don rajistar fasinja. Tuni dai wasu filayen tashi da saukar jiragen sama a duniya ke gwadawa ko gwada fasahar tantance fuska don dacewa da hotunan fasfo da na abokan cinikinsu ta hanyar tantance matafiya, wanda aka ce yana iya tantance matafiya sau biyu a awa daya. A cikin watan Yuni 2017, JetBlue ya haɗu tare da US Customs and Border Protection (CBP) da kuma na duniya IT kamfanin SITA don gwada wani shirin da ke amfani da kwayoyin halitta da fasahar gane fuska don tantance abokan ciniki a kan hawan jirgi.

A watan Oktoban da ya gabata, kungiyar sufurin jiragen sama ta kasa da kasa ta yi hasashen cewa nan da shekarar 2035 yawan matafiya zai rubanya zuwa biliyan 7,2. Don haka akwai dalilin da ya sa kuma ga wanda za a yi aiki a kan sababbin abubuwa da ingantawa.

Jirgin sama na gaba:

Animation na tsarin BLI: 

Ƙofar shiga filin iyaka | NASA Glenn Cibiyar Bincike