Tartsatsin walƙiya: ba kawai walƙiya ba

Asalin filogin walƙiya a cikin injin kunna walƙiya da alama a bayyane yake. Wannan na'ura ce mai sauƙi wacce mafi mahimmancin ɓangaren ita ce na'urorin lantarki guda biyu waɗanda wutar lantarki ke tsalle tsakanin su. Kadan daga cikin mu sun san cewa a cikin injuna na zamani, toshe walƙiya ya sami sabon aiki.

Ana sarrafa injunan zamani kusan ta hanyar lantarki kawai. Mai kula, wanda aka fi sani da "kwamfuta" yana tattara jerin bayanai game da aikin naúrar (mun ambata a nan, da farko, saurin crankshaft, matakin "matsawa" a kan feda na gas, yanayin iska da kuma a cikin nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i-nau'i-nau'i-nau'i) da kuma abubuwan da ke tattare da iskar gas a cikin tsarin shayarwa kafin da kuma bayan tsaftace su ta hanyar catalytic converters), sa'an nan kuma, kwatanta wannan bayanin da waɗanda aka adana a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyarsa, yana ba da umarni. zuwa tsarin sarrafa wutar lantarki da aikin allurar man fetur, da kuma matsayi na damper na iska. Gaskiyar ita ce, ma'anar walƙiya da adadin man fetur na kowane nau'i na hawan aiki dole ne ya kasance mafi kyau ga dacewa, tattalin arziki da kuma abokantakar muhalli a kowane lokaci na aikin injiniya.

KARANTA KUMA

Haske matosai

Wasan ya cancanci kyandir

Daga cikin bayanan da suka wajaba don sarrafa daidaitaccen aikin injin, akwai kuma bayanai game da kasancewar (ko rashi) na konewa. Cakudar iskar man da ta riga ta kasance a ɗakin konewa sama da fistan dole ne ta ƙone da sauri amma a hankali, daga tartsatsin wuta zuwa mafi nisa na ɗakin konewar. Idan cakuda ya ƙone gaba ɗaya, watau "fashewa", ingancin injin (watau ikon yin amfani da makamashin da ke cikin man fetur) ya ragu sosai, kuma a lokaci guda, nauyin da ke kan muhimman abubuwan injin yana ƙaruwa, wanda zai haifar da tasiri. zai iya haifar da gazawa. Sabili da haka, bai kamata a ƙyale wani abu na fashewa akai-akai ba, amma, a gefe guda, saitin kunnawa nan take da abun da ke tattare da man fetur-iska ya kamata ya zama irin wannan tsarin konewa yana kusa da waɗannan fashewa.

Saboda haka, shekaru da yawa yanzu, na zamani injuna aka sanye take da abin da ake kira. buga firikwensin. A cikin sigar gargajiya, wannan ainihin makirufo ne na musamman wanda, wanda aka murɗe shi a cikin toshewar injin, yana amsa girgiza kawai tare da mitar da ke daidai da konewar fashewar. Na'urar firikwensin yana aika bayanai game da yuwuwar ƙwanƙwasawa zuwa kwamfutar injin, wanda ke amsawa ta hanyar canza wurin kunnawa don kada bugun ya faru.

Koyaya, ana iya gano konewar fashewar ta wata hanya. Tuni a cikin 1988, kamfanin Saab na Sweden ya ƙaddamar da samar da na'ura mai ba da wutar lantarki marar rarraba mai suna Saab Direct Ignition (SDI) a cikin samfurin 9000. A cikin wannan bayani, kowane mai walƙiya yana da na'urar wutar lantarki da aka gina a cikin kan silinda, da kuma "kwamfuta". ” yana ciyar da siginar sarrafawa kawai. Saboda haka, a cikin wannan tsarin, maɓallin kunnawa zai iya zama daban-daban (mafi dacewa) ga kowane Silinda.

Duk da haka, mafi mahimmanci a cikin irin wannan tsarin shine abin da ake amfani da kowane tartsatsi lokacin da ba ya samar da tartsatsin wuta (tsawon lokacin tartsatsin shine kawai dubun microseconds a kowace zagaye na aiki, kuma, alal misali, a 6000 rpm, injin guda ɗaya). Zagayowar aiki shine daƙiƙa ɗari biyu). Ya bayyana cewa ana iya amfani da na'urorin lantarki iri ɗaya don auna ma'aunin ion da ke gudana a tsakanin su. Anan, an yi amfani da abin da ya faru na kai-ionization na man fetur da kwayoyin iska yayin konewar cajin da ke sama da fistan. Rarraba ions (electrons kyauta tare da caji mara kyau) da barbashi tare da ingantaccen caji suna ba da damar halin yanzu gudana tsakanin wayoyin da aka sanya a cikin ɗakin konewa, kuma ana iya auna wannan halin yanzu.

Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa matakin iskar gas da aka nuna a cikin ɗakin konewa ya dogara da sigogin konewa, watau. galibi akan matsin lamba da zafin jiki na yanzu. Don haka, ƙimar ion halin yanzu ya ƙunshi mahimman bayanai game da tsarin konewa.

Bayanan asali da tsarin Saab SDI ya samu ya ba da bayani game da ƙwanƙwasa da yiwuwar ɓarna, kuma ya ba da damar ƙayyade lokacin kunnawa da ake buƙata. A aikace, tsarin ya ba da ƙarin ingantaccen bayanai fiye da tsarin ƙonewa na al'ada tare da firikwensin ƙwanƙwasa na gargajiya, kuma ya kasance mai rahusa.

A halin yanzu, ana amfani da abin da ake kira tsarin rarrabawa tare da coils daban-daban na kowane silinda, kuma kamfanoni da yawa sun riga sun yi amfani da ma'aunin ion na yanzu don tattara bayanai game da tsarin konewa a cikin injin. Tsarin wutar lantarki wanda ya dace da wannan ana bayarwa ta mafi mahimmancin masu samar da injin. Har ila yau, ya zama cewa kimanta tsarin konewa a cikin injin ta hanyar auna halin yanzu na iya zama muhimmiyar hanya don nazarin aikin injiniya a ainihin lokaci. Yana ba ka damar gano kai tsaye ba kawai konewa mara kyau ba, amma kuma ƙayyade girman da matsayi (ƙididdiga a cikin digiri na juyawa na crankshaft) na ainihin matsakaicin matsa lamba sama da piston. Har ya zuwa yanzu, irin wannan ma'aunin ba zai yiwu ba a cikin injunan serial. Yin amfani da software mai dacewa, godiya ga wannan bayanai, yana yiwuwa a daidaita daidaitaccen kunnawa da allura a cikin nau'i mai yawa na nauyin injin da yanayin zafi, da kuma daidaita ma'auni na aiki na naúrar zuwa takamaiman kayan mai.