Haɓakawa na zamani na M60 Cz. 2
Tankin M60 SLEP, wanda kuma aka sani da M60A4S, shawara ce ta haɓaka haɗin gwiwa don dangin M60 daga Raytheon da L-3.
Saboda kasancewar tankunan M60 sun shahara da kawayen Amurka (wasu daga cikinsu a baya) a duniya, har yanzu M60 na ci gaba da hidima a kasashe da dama - musamman ma masu karamin karfi, wadanda ba za su iya sayen motocin zamani na uku ba. Wannan yana nufin cewa ko da a cikin karni na 50, fiye da shekaru XNUMX bayan gyare-gyare na farko ya shiga sabis a cikin Sojan Amurka, ana la'akari da tsawaita rayuwar sabis da sabuntawa na gaba.
Kamfanin Chrysler Corporation M60 Patton tank ya shiga aiki tare da Sojojin Amurka a watan Disamba 1960 (an daidaita shi kadan a baya, a cikin Maris 1959), a matsayin magajin M48 (kuma Patton). A gaskiya ma, ya kamata ya zama babban tankin yaki na farko a cikin sojojin Amurka, kamar yadda kuma ya kamata ya maye gurbin manyan tankunan Amurka na karshe - M103. Tarayyar Soviet T-62 za a iya la'akari da takwararta a daya gefen na Iron Labule. A lokacin, na'ura ce ta zamani, ko da yake nauyi, fiye da ton 46 (ainihin sigar M60). Don kwatanta, yana da daraja ambaton nauyin fama da sauran tankuna na wancan zamanin: M103 - 59 ton, M48 - 45 ton, T-62 - 37,5 ton, T-10M - 57,5 ton. An yi masa sulke da kyau, saboda a cikin sigar M60, sulke sulke ya kai 110 mm kauri, sulke na turret har zuwa 178 mm, kuma saboda sha'awar da bayanin zanen gadon, kauri mai inganci ya fi girma. A daya hannun, da abũbuwan amfãni daga makamai da aka biya diyya da manyan girma na M60A1 / A3 tanki hulls (tsawon ba tare da ganga × nisa × tsawo:. makamai: kamar 6,95 x 3,6 x 3,3 m). Bugu da ƙari, M62 yana da makamai masu kyau (6,7-mm M3,35 cannon shine lasisin lasisi na L2,4 na Birtaniyya, tare da ingantattun masu ɗaukar makamai masu sulke da harsasai masu tarin yawa da ake samu daga farkon sabis), da sauri isa (60 km / h). An samar da injin AVDS-105-68-cylinder na Continental) 7A tare da ƙarfin 48 kW / 12 hp, yana hulɗa tare da watsawar hydromechanical GMC CD-1790), kuma a hannun ma'aikatan jirgin da aka horar da su da kyau. babban abokin gaba ga kowane tanki na Soviet na wancan lokacin. Ba ƙaramin mahimmanci ba shine lura da na'urori masu niyya waɗanda ke da kyau sosai a wancan lokacin: hangen nesa na M2D gunner na rana tare da haɓaka 551x, hangen nesa na M750A850 (ko C) tare da ma'aunin ma'auni na 105 zuwa 8 m, hasumiya na gani kwamandan M17 tare da na'urorinsa (M1C da takwas periscopes) da kuma, a karshe, da juyi periscope na M500 loader. A cikin yanayin aiki da dare, dole ne a maye gurbin manyan kayan kwamandan da bindigar da na'urorin hangen nesa na dare na M4400 da M1 (bi da bi), suna hulɗa tare da hasken infrared AN / VSS-28.
Ci gaban M60
Abubuwan ci gaba na gaba sune don tabbatar da tasirin yaƙi na shekaru masu zuwa. M60A1, wanda ya shiga sabis a cikin 1962, ya sami sabon, ingantattun kuma ingantattun turret sulke, ƙarfafa sulke na gaba na ƙwanƙwasa, ƙara harsashin bindiga daga 60 zuwa 63, kuma an ƙaddamar da wani jirgin sama mai amfani da lantarki na lantarki na babban kayan aikin. Shekaru goma bayan haka, bayan sha'awar makaman roka (da kuma amsa ga tsufa na M60A1), an gabatar da sigar M60A2 Starship (lit. sararin samaniya, lakabin da ba na hukuma ba), sanye take da sabon turret. Yana dauke da bindiga mai karamin karfi 152 mm M162 (wani gajeriyar sigar da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin tankin jirgin sama na M551 Sheridan), wanda kuma aka yi amfani da shi don harba makami mai linzami na MGM-51 Shillelagh, wadanda yakamata su ba da ikon kai hari daidai. hari, gami da sulke, a nesa mai nisa. Matsalolin fasaha na yau da kullun da tsadar harsasai sun haifar da gaskiyar cewa 526 kawai (a cewar wasu kafofin akwai 540 ko 543) na waɗannan tankuna (sabbin turrets akan tsohuwar M60 chassis), waɗanda aka canza da sauri zuwa Sojan Sama. misali. version M60A3 ko na musamman kayan aiki. An ƙirƙiri M60A3 a cikin 1978 a matsayin martani ga matsaloli tare da M60A2. Canje-canje ga M60A1 sun haɗa da, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, sababbin kayan sarrafa wuta, waɗanda a gaskiya ne tsarin sarrafa wuta mai sauƙi. Daga tsakiyar 1979, a cikin M60A3 (TTS) bambance-bambancen, waɗannan su ne: AN / VSG-2 TTS dare da rana da thermal Hoto gani ga gunner da kwamandan, AN / VVG-2 ruby laser rangefinder tare da kewayon har zuwa 5000 m da kuma dijital ballistic kwamfuta M21. Godiya ga wannan, daidaiton harbin farko daga bindigar M68 ya karu sosai. Bugu da kari, an gabatar da wani sabon coaxial 7,62-mm M240 inji gun, direban ya karbi AN / VVS-3A m periscope, shida (2 × 3) hayaki gurneti da janareta hayaki, atomatik kashe wuta tsarin da kuma sabon waƙoƙi tare da. an kuma shigar da robar . Jimlar samar da M60 ya kasance raka'a 15.
Tuni a cikin 70s, a gefe guda na Labulen ƙarfe, ƙarin motocin T-64A / B, T-80 / B da T-72A sun bayyana a cikin jeri, wanda ma'aikatan Pattons da ke haɓaka ba su iya yin yaƙi ba. a daidai fada. Saboda wannan dalili, Teledyne Continental Motors ya haɓaka aikin sake fasalin mai zurfi wanda aka sani da Super M70 don Patton a ƙarshen 80s da 60s. An gabatar da shi a cikin 1980, kunshin sabuntar ya kamata ya ƙara haɓaka ƙarfin M60. Motar ta sami ƙarin sulke masu launi daban-daban, waɗanda ke ba da kariya musamman daga zagaye na HEAT, wanda ya canza kamannin turret. Bugu da ƙari, rayuwar ma'aikatan ya kamata ya kara sabon tsarin kariya na wuta. Ya kamata a yi amfani da ƙarar wutar lantarki ta hanyar amfani da bindigar M68-M68A1 da aka haɓaka (mai kama da na tankin M1) tare da hannun jari na 63, amma yana hulɗa da M60A3 optoelectronics. Ƙara yawan nauyi zuwa ton 56,3 yana buƙatar canje-canje ga dakatarwa (an ƙara masu shayarwa na hydropneumatic) da watsawa. Na ƙarshe a cikin Super M60 shine ya ƙunshi injin dizal Teledyne CR-1790-1B tare da fitarwa na 868,5 kW / 1180 hp, wanda aka haɗa tare da watsawa ta atomatik na Renk RK 304. zuwa 72 km/h. sa'a duk da haka, Super M60 bai tada sha'awar sojojin Amurka ba, wanda daga bisani ya mayar da hankali kan sabon zane - makomar M1 Abrams.
