gishiri mine "Bochnia"
A farkon 1248, an haƙa gishiri a Bochnia. Ma'adinan gishirin Bochnia mai tarihi shine shuka mafi tsufa a Poland inda aka fara haƙar gishirin dutse. An kafa asusun ajiyar Bochnia kimanin shekaru miliyan 20 da suka wuce a lokacin zamanin Miocene, lokacin da yankin Bochnia na yau ya rufe da ruwa mai zurfi da dumi. Adadin gishiri yana da sifar ruwan tabarau mara daidaituwa wanda yake a cikin jagororin latitudinal tare da axis na gabas-yamma. Tsawon sa yana da kusan kilomita 4, amma menene zurfinsa? daga 50 zuwa 500 mita. Yana da kunkuntar? da yawa zuwa mita dari biyu. A cikin manyan yadudduka, yana da tsayi sosai, kusan a tsaye, kawai a tsakiyar ɓangaren yana karkata zuwa kudu a kusurwar 30-40 °, sannan ya kunkuntar? har sai ya bace gaba daya.
Aikin hakar ma'adinan, wanda ke a zurfin 70 zuwa 289 m, ya ƙunshi kusan kilomita 60 na ɗakunan ajiya da ɗakunan ajiya. Suna shimfiɗa kusan kilomita 3,5 tare da axis gabas-yamma kuma suna da iyakar faɗin 250 m tare da axis na arewa-kudu. Ana samun ayyukan kariya akan matakai tara: I? Danilovets, II? Sobieski, III? Vernier, IV? August, V? Lobkowicz, VI? Senkevich, VII? Beg-Stanetti, VIII? Scafold, IX? Golukovsky.
Gishiri nawa? Gishiri mafi tsufa a Poland, yana ci gaba da aiki daga tsakiyar karni na XNUMX zuwa karni na XNUMX (An gano gishirin dutse a Poland a Bochnia shekaru da yawa a baya fiye da na Wieliczka). Sutoris Mine, mafi tsufa a cikin ma'adinan gishiri a Poland, ya koma tsakiyar karni na sha uku. Ma'adinan gishiri a Bochnia da Wieliczka sun kasance mallakin sarki koyaushe kuma suna da fa'ida sosai tun lokacin Kazimierz da kuma a cikin ƙarni masu zuwa.
Bayan kusan karni takwas na aiki, ma'adinan ya yi kama da wani birni mai ban mamaki na karkashin kasa, yana burgewa da ayyuka na musamman, da wuraren ibada da aka sassaka a cikin duwatsun gishiri, da kuma sassakaki na asali da na'urorin da aka yi amfani da su shekaru aru-aru da suka wuce. Ana iya ziyarta ba kawai a ƙafa ba, har ma ta hanyar metro na ƙasa da jiragen ruwa. Ma'adinan wani abin tarihi ne na fasaha mara tsada. Ga masu yawon bude ido, yana ba da gogewar da ba za a manta da ita ba, kuma ga masanin ilimin ƙasa da masanin tarihi, ma'adinan abu ne mai matuƙar mahimmanci na nazari.
Tsari na ƙayyadaddun yanayin ƙasa ne ya ƙayyadad da yanayin amfani da kuma ci gaban sararin samaniya na musamman na wannan wuri. Abubuwan da ke da ƙima na musamman sune ayyukan da ke cikin tarihin tarihin ma'adinin gishiri na Bochnia, wanda ya fito daga ma'adinan Trinitatis, bayan tsohon Danielovec mine, zuwa ma'adinan Goluchovska, a kan matakan shida a ma'adinan Campi da kuma matakai tara a Sutoris mine. Waɗannan su ne mafi daɗaɗɗen tarihin tarihi na ƙarni na XNUMX-XNUMXth, waɗanda suka tsira har zuwa yau a cikin cikakkiyar yanayin godiya ga aikin don tabbatar da shinge tare da tsarin kwalaye, rufin katako, fantoons da ginshiƙan gishiri, wanda aka yi tun daga lokacin. tsakiyar karni na XNUMX. Daga cikin mafi ban sha'awa kuma gaba daya na musamman akwai ayyuka a tsaye, abin da ake kira shafts na intramine da tanderu, watau. ayyuka.
Daga cikin ɗakunan, ɗakin Vazhyn ya fito fili (ana hako gishiri a nan daga 1697 zuwa 50s, tun da akwai manyan wuraren ajiya na musamman a cikin wannan yanki), wanda yake a zurfin kimanin mita 250. Tsawonsa shine 255 m, matsakaicin nisa kusan 15 m, kuma tsayin ya kai mita 7. Wannan katon ciki mai ban mamaki ba shi da tallafi. Rufin da ganuwar tare da yadudduka na gishiri da anhydrite, ƙirƙirar kayan ado na halitta, suna kallon ban mamaki. A kan rufin ɗakin da aka ɗora, an ɗaure wani shinge na Ernest na ƙarni na XNUMX, wanda, kamar sauran, misali ne na tasirin daɗaɗɗen dutse a kan rufin katako na galleries da ɗakunan. A cikin kudancin ɗakin Vazhyn, akwai wata mashigar gicciye ta Mann, tun daga karni na XIX, tare da alamun da aka adana na aikin ajiya na hannu (alamun abin da ake kira flaps da ayyukan cavernous).
Gidan Vazhinskaya yana da ƙayyadaddun microclimate wanda ke da yawan zafin jiki (14-16 ° C), zafi mai zafi da ionization na iska mai tsabta wanda ya cika da sodium chloride da microelements masu mahimmanci. magnesium, manganese da alli. Wadannan ƙayyadaddun kaddarorin, waɗanda aka haɓaka ta hanyar tsarin iskar iska mai aiki da kyau, sun sa ya zama manufa don share faɗuwar numfashi kuma suna da kaddarorin warkarwa a cikin cututtuka da yawa (rhinitis na yau da kullun, pharyngitis da laryngitis, cututtukan cututtuka na sama na sama), da kuma anti- rashin lafiyan, antibacterial da antifungal Properties. Tun daga 1993, marasa lafiya suna amfani da ɗakin a kowace rana (inhalation da hutawa).
Domin fahimtar da maziyartan daɗaɗɗen fasahar hakar ma'adinan da kuma haɓaka sararin samaniyar ma'adinan, an sake gina na'urorin sufuri guda uku masu ban sha'awa kuma an yi amfani da babban kwafin taswirar duk wani hako na ma'adinan Bochna, bisa tushen asali na ƙarni na XNUMX. sanya. A matakin Sienkiewicz akwai motar motsa jiki don jan brine, kuma a cikin ɗakin Rabshtyn, wanda ake amfani dashi tun daga karni na XNUMX, an sanya waƙar doki hudu don zubar da ma'adinan, wanda aka sani da ramin. Abin lura shine ainihin asalin katako na kyamarar wancan lokacin. A kan injin tuƙi kusa da Vazhinsky Val akwai ƙaton nau'in nau'in Saxon tare da wasu abubuwan ƙira na asali.
Source: Cibiyar Tarihi ta Kasa.
