Ragewa. Turbo a cikin karamin injin. Duk gaskiyar game da fasahar zamani

Yanzu ya zama kusan misali ga masana'antun don shigar da ƙananan wutar lantarki a cikin motoci, har ma da irin su Volkswagen Passat ko Skoda Superb. Tunanin raguwa ya samo asali don mafi kyau, kuma lokaci ya nuna cewa wannan maganin yana aiki kowace rana. Wani muhimmin mahimmanci a cikin wannan nau'in injin shine, ba shakka, turbocharger, yana ba ku damar cimma babban iko tare da ƙaramin ƙarfi a lokaci guda.

tsarin aiki

Turbocharger ya ƙunshi rotors guda biyu masu jujjuya lokaci guda waɗanda aka ɗora a kan madaidaicin madauri. An shigar da na farko a cikin tsarin shayarwa, iskar gas na samar da motsi, shigar da mufflers kuma an jefar da su. Rotor na biyu yana cikin tsarin ci, yana matsa iska kuma yana matsawa cikin injin.

Dole ne a sarrafa wannan matsa lamba don kada yawancinsa ya shiga ɗakin konewa. Tsarukan sauƙi suna amfani da sifar bawul ɗin kewayawa, yayin da ƙirar ci gaba, watau. mafi yawan amfani da ruwan wukake tare da m geometry.

Duba kuma: Manyan hanyoyi 10 don rage yawan mai

Abin takaici, iska a lokacin babban matsawa yana da zafi sosai, ban da haka, yana da zafi da gidaje na turbocharger, wanda hakan ya rage girmansa, kuma wannan yana da mummunar tasiri ga konewar man fetur da iska mai kyau. Saboda haka, masana'antun suna amfani da, misali, intercooler, wanda aikinsa shine sanyaya iska mai zafi kafin ya shiga ɗakin konewa. Yayin da yake sanyi, yana girma, wanda ke nufin cewa yawancinsa zai iya shiga cikin silinda.

Eaton compressor da turbocharger

A cikin injin da ke da manyan caja biyu, turbocharger da injin kwampreso, ana sanya su a bangarorin biyu na injin. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa injin turbine shine janareta mai zafi mai zafi, don haka mafi kyawun bayani shine shigar da na'ura mai kwakwalwa a gefe guda. Eaton Compressor yana goyan bayan aikin turbocharger, ana tuƙa shi da bel ɗin ribbed da yawa daga babban bututun famfo na ruwa, wanda ke sanye da wani kamannin lantarki mara ƙarfi wanda ke da alhakin kunna shi.

Matsakaicin da ya dace na ciki da kuma ƙimar bel ɗin tuƙi yana haifar da rotors na kwampreso don jujjuya ninki biyar gudun crankshaft na tuƙi. An haɗe compressor zuwa toshewar injin a gefen abin sha da yawa, kuma mai sarrafa magudanar ruwa yana ƙididdige adadin matsi da aka haifar.

Lokacin da maƙura ke rufe, compressor yana haifar da matsakaicin matsa lamba don saurin halin yanzu. Daga nan sai a tilasta matse iska a cikin turbocharger kuma magudanar yana buɗewa da matsi mai yawa, wanda ke raba iska zuwa cikin compressor da turbocharger.

Wahalolin aiki

Babban zafin aiki da aka ambata a baya da kuma nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan abubuwa sune abubuwan da ke haifar da mummunan tasiri akan dorewar turbocharger. Ayyukan da ba daidai ba suna haifar da saurin lalacewa na inji, zafi da zafi kuma, a sakamakon haka, gazawar. Akwai alamu da yawa na ba da labari game da rashin aiki na turbocharger, kamar su "busa mai ƙarfi", asarar wutar lantarki kwatsam, hayaƙin shuɗi daga shaye-shaye, shiga yanayin gaggawa, da saƙon kuskuren injin da ake kira "bang". "Duba injin" sannan kuma a sa mai a kusa da injin turbin da cikin bututun shan iska.

Wasu ƙananan injuna na zamani suna da mafita don kare turbo daga zafi. Don guje wa tarin zafi, injin turbine yana sanye da tashoshi masu sanyaya, wanda ke nufin cewa lokacin da injin ya kashe, ruwan ya ci gaba da gudana kuma ana ci gaba da aiwatar da shi har sai an kai yanayin zafin da ya dace, daidai da halayen thermal. Ana yin wannan ta hanyar famfo mai sanyaya wutar lantarki wanda ke aiki ba tare da injin konewa na ciki ba. Mai kula da injin (ta hanyar gudun ba da sanda) yana sarrafa aikinsa kuma yana kunna lokacin da injin ya kai magudanar ruwa sama da 100 Nm kuma zafin iska a cikin nau'in abin sha ya wuce 50 ° C.

turbo rami sakamako

Rashin hasara na wasu injuna masu caji tare da babban iko shine abin da ake kira. turbo lag sakamako, i.e. raguwa na wucin gadi na ingancin injin a lokacin tashin jirgin ko sha'awar hanzari da sauri. Mafi girma da kwampreso, mafi mahimmancin sakamako, saboda yana buƙatar ƙarin lokaci don abin da ake kira "Spinning".

Ƙananan injin yana haɓaka ƙarfi da ƙarfi, injin turbin da aka shigar yana da ƙanƙanta, don haka an rage girman tasirin da aka kwatanta. Torque yana samuwa daga ƙananan saurin injin, wanda ke tabbatar da jin dadi yayin aiki, alal misali, a cikin yanayin birane. Alal misali, a cikin injin VW 1.4 TSI tare da 122 hp. (EA111) riga a 1250 rpm, game da 80% na jimlar juzu'i yana samuwa, kuma matsakaicin matsa lamba shine mashaya 1,8.

Injiniyoyin da suke son magance matsalar gaba daya, sun samar da wani sabon bayani, wato injin turbocharger (E-turbo). Wannan tsarin yana ƙara bayyana a cikin ƙananan injuna. Hanyar ta dogara ne akan gaskiyar cewa rotor, wanda ke motsa iskar da aka yi a cikin injin, yana juyawa tare da taimakon injin lantarki - godiya ga wannan, ana iya kawar da tasirin a zahiri.

Gaskiya ko tatsuniya?

Mutane da yawa sun damu cewa turbochargers da aka samu a cikin ƙananan injuna na iya yin kasawa da sauri, wanda zai iya kasancewa saboda gaskiyar cewa an yi musu yawa. Abin takaici, wannan tatsuniya ce akai-akai. Gaskiyar ita ce, tsawon rayuwa ya dogara da yawa akan yadda kuke amfani da shi, tuki da canza man ku - kusan kashi 90% na lalacewar mai amfani ne ke haifar da shi.

An yi zaton cewa motoci da nisan miloli na 150-200 dubu kilomita suna cikin rukuni na ƙara hadarin gazawar. A aikace, motoci da yawa sun yi tafiya fiye da kilomita guda, kuma sashin da aka kwatanta yana aiki ba tare da aibu ba har yau. Makanikai sun yi iƙirarin cewa man yana canjawa kowane kilomita 30-10, watau. Long Life, yana da mummunan tasiri a kan yanayin turbocharger da injin kanta. Don haka za mu rage lokutan maye gurbin zuwa 15-XNUMX dubu. km, kuma amfani da man fetur daidai da shawarwarin masana'antun motar ku, kuma za ku iya jin dadin aiki ba tare da matsala ba na dogon lokaci.  

Mai yuwuwar sabuntawa na kashi yana tsada daga PLN 900 zuwa PLN 2000. Wani sabon turbo ya fi tsada - har ma fiye da 4000 zł.

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