Rayuwa mai dadi ta likitan sinadarai

Zaƙi yana da ma'ana mai kyau. Zaƙin halayen halayen yana jan hankalin mutane. Ƙananan yara da dabbobi suna "kyakkyawan". Nasara ta ɗanɗana mai daɗi, kuma kowa yana son rayuwa mai daɗi - ko da yake dole ne mu mai da hankali lokacin da wani ya “sweetens” mu da yawa. A halin yanzu, materialization na sweets ne talakawa sugar.

Masana kimiyya ba za su kasance da kansu ba idan ba su kalli wannan ra'ayi ba. Sun zo da shi a cikin kamannin yawa ko girma zaƙiwanda a lambobi yana bayyana ma'aunin zaƙi. Mafi mahimmanci, ma'aunin zaki yana da karbuwa ko da a cikin saitunan dakin gwaje-gwaje na gida.

Yadda za a auna zaki?

Babu (har yanzu?) mitar zaƙi. Dalilin shi ne m rikitarwa na farko sinadaran hankali: dandano da kuma hade ji na wari. A cikin yanayin ƙarami a cikin gabobin ma'anar juyin halitta waɗanda ke amsa abubuwan motsa jiki (gani, ji, taɓawa), an ƙera makaman da suka dace - abubuwan da ke da haske, microphones, na'urori masu auna firikwensin. Ta fuskar dandano, akwai kimantawa dangane da ra'ayoyin masu amsawa, kuma harsuna da hanci na ɗan adam kayan auna ne.

Maganin ciwon sukari 10%, watau. yi nasara. Don wannan rabo, ƙimar sharadi shine 100 (a wasu kafofin yana 1). Ana kiranta dangi zaki, wanda RS (Turanci) ya bayyana. Ma'aunin ya ƙunshi daidaita adadin adadin maganin abin gwajin ta yadda ra'ayin zaki da yake bayarwa yayi daidai da na ma'auni. Misali: idan maganin 5% yana da tasirin dandano iri ɗaya da maganin sucrose na 10%, abun gwajin yana da daɗi a 200.

Sucrose shine ma'auni don zaki.

Lokaci yayi don zaƙi ​​ma'auni.

Kuna buƙatar shi nauyi. A cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje na gida, ƙirar aljihu mai arha ya isa ga dozin dozin zlotys, tare da ɗaukar nauyi har zuwa gram 200 kuma yana yin la'akari da daidaiton 0,1 g (zai zo da amfani yayin wasu gwaje-gwaje da yawa).

Yanzu tabbatar da samfurori. Sucrose sukari na tebur na yau da kullun. Glucose ana iya samunsa a kantin kayan miya, akwai kuma a can xylitol a matsayin madadin sukari. [glucose_xylitol] Fructose duba teburin abinci masu ciwon sukari yayin lactose ana amfani da shi a cikin aikin gida.

Muna shirya mafita tare da ƙididdiga daga 5 zuwa 25% kuma muna sanya su a cikin hanyar da aka sani (maganin kowane abu a cikin ƙididdiga da yawa). Ka tuna cewa waɗannan samfuran ne da ake so a ci, don haka a kula da su. dokokin tsabta.

Nemo masu gwaji a tsakanin danginku da abokanku. Ana gudanar da gwaje-gwajen zaƙi a ƙarƙashin yanayin yadda ake ɗanɗano ƙamshin giya da kofi, harshe ne kawai ana jika da ɗan ƙaramin bayani (ba tare da haɗiye ba) sannan a wanke baki sosai da ruwa mai tsabta kafin a ɗanɗana. mafita na gaba.

Ba koyaushe sukari mai dadi ba

Sugar	RS
fructose	180
glucose	75
mannosa	30
galactose	32
yi nasara	100
lactose	25
maltose	30

Abubuwan da aka gwada sune da sukari (sai dai xylitol). IN tebur suna da daidaitattun ƙimar RS. Sauƙaƙan sugars (glucose, fructose, mannose, galactose) yawanci sun fi disaccharides zaƙi (sucrose shine kawai hadadden sukari mai zaki). Sugars tare da manyan barbashi (sitaci, cellulose) ba su da dadi ko kadan. Don fahimtar zaƙi, yana da mahimmanci cewa kwayoyin halitta da mai karɓar dandano sun dace da juna. Wannan yanayin ya fi dacewa da girman kwayar halitta, wanda ke bayyana mafi girman zaki da sukari tare da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta. Zaƙi na samfurori na halitta shine saboda kasancewar sukari a cikinsu - alal misali, zuma (kimanin 100 rupees) ya ƙunshi fructose mai yawa.

Dalilin juyin halitta ana ganin sukari a matsayin mai daɗi (wanda ke haifar da cin abincin da ke ɗauke da su) shine sauƙin narkewar su da babban abun ciki na kalori. Don haka su ne tushen makamashi mai kyau, "man fetur" ga kwayoyin jikinmu. Koyaya, gyare-gyaren ilimin halittar jiki waɗanda suka zama dole don rayuwa a zamanin premans a cikin lokacin samun sauƙin abinci yana haifar da mummunan sakamako na lafiya.

Ba kawai sukari ba ne mai dadi

Suna kuma dandana mai daɗi mahadi marasa ciwon sukari. An riga an yi amfani da Xylitol a yunƙurin ƙayyade zaƙi na abubuwa. Ya samo asali ne na ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan ciwon sukari kuma RS ɗin sa yana kama da sucrose. Yana da ingantaccen abin zaƙi (lambar E967) kuma ana amfani da shi don haɓaka ɗanɗanon man goge baki da ɗanɗano. Abubuwan da ke da alaƙa suna da amfani iri ɗaya: Mannitol E421 i Sorbitol E420.

Molecule samfurin wasu sugars: glucose (saman hagu), fructose (saman dama), sucrose (kasa).

Glycerol (E422, mai zaki da ɗanshi) da amino acid glycine (E640, mai haɓaka ɗanɗano) suma abubuwa ne masu ɗanɗano. Sunayen mahadi guda biyu (da kuma glucose da wasu) an samo su ne daga kalmar Helenanci ma'ana "mai dadi". Ana iya amfani da Glycerin da glycine don gwaje-gwajen zaki (idan sun kasance masu tsabta, an samo su, alal misali, daga kantin magani). Amma kada mu gwada dandano na wani mahadi!

Sunadaran da ake ciro daga wasu tsire-tsire masu ban sha'awa suma masu zaƙi ne. A Turai an yarda don amfani. Taumatine E957. RS ɗinsa yana kusa da 3k. sau sama da na sucrose. Akwai dangantaka mai ban sha'awa abin al'ajabiKo da yake ba ta ɗanɗana da kanta ba, tana iya canza yadda masu karɓar harshe ke aiki har abada. Ko lemon tsami yana da daɗi sosai bayan an sha!

Sauran masu maye gurbin sukari stevioside, wato, abubuwan da ake hakowa daga wata shuka ta Kudancin Amirka. Wadannan abubuwa sun fi sucrose dadi sau 100-150. An yarda da Steviosides don amfani azaman ƙari na abinci a ƙarƙashin lambar E960. Ana amfani da su don zaƙi abubuwan sha, jams, cingam, da kuma azaman masu zaƙi a cikin alewa mai tauri. Masu ciwon sukari za su iya cinye su.

Daga cikin shahararrun mahaɗan inorganic, suna da ɗanɗano mai daɗi. bada rana (asali ana kiran wannan sinadarin glucin kuma yana da alamar Gl) da Jagora. Suna da guba sosai - musamman gubar (II) acetate Pb (CH₃Babban jami'in gudanarwa)₂, wanda masu ilimin kimiyyar alchem ​​suka riga sun kira da gubar. Babu wani yanayi da ya kamata mu gwada wannan dangantakar!

Zaƙi daga lab

Abinci yana ƙara cika da kayan zaki ba daga tushen halitta ba, amma kai tsaye daga ɗakin binciken sunadarai. tabbas ya shahara masu zakiMS ɗin wanda ke da goma har ma da ɗaruruwan lokuta ya fi na sucrose. A sakamakon haka, dole ne a kawar da adadin kuzari daga mafi ƙarancin kashi. Lokacin da abubuwa ba su ƙone a cikin jiki ba, da gaske suna da "calories 0". Mafi yawan amfani:

• Saccharin E954 - mafi tsufa wucin gadi zaki (an gano a 1879);
• sodium cyclamate E952;
• Aspartame E951 - daya daga cikin shahararrun kayan zaki. A cikin jiki, fili ya rushe zuwa amino acid (aspartic acid da phenylalanine) da methanol barasa, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa abincin da aka yi da aspartame yana ɗaukar gargadi akan marufi ga mutanen da ke da phenylketonuria (cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta na metabolism na phenylalanine). Kokarin gama gari game da aspartame shine sakin methanol, wanda shine fili mai guba. Duk da haka, nau'in aspartame na al'ada (lokacin da ba a cinye shi ba fiye da gram a kowace rana) yana samar da kashi goma na gram na methanol kawai, wanda ba shi da alaka da jiki (ƙarin samar da shi ta hanyar metabolism na halitta);
• Acesulfam K E950;
• Sucralose E955 - wani abin da aka samu daga sucrose, wanda a cikinsa aka gabatar da kwayoyin chlorine. Wannan "dabaru" na sinadarai ya hana jiki yin metabolize shi.

Lalacewar wasu kayan zaki na wucin gadi shine suna karyewa yayin sarrafa abinci (misali yin burodi). Saboda wannan dalili, sun dace kawai don zaƙi da aka shirya abinci waɗanda ba za su ƙara yin zafi ba.

Duk da kyawawan kaddarorin masu zaki (zaƙi ba tare da adadin kuzari ba!), Sakamakon amfani da su sau da yawa ba shi da amfani. Masu karɓar dandano mai daɗi suna warwatse cikin gabobin jikinmu da yawa, gami da hanji. Masu zaki suna motsa masu karɓar hanji don aika siginar "sabon bayarwa". Jiki yana gaya wa pancreas ya samar da insulin, wanda ke taimakawa motsa glucose daga jini zuwa sel. Duk da haka, lokacin da ake amfani da kayan zaki maimakon sukari, babu wani madadin glucose da aka fitar a cikin kyallen takarda, hankalinsa yana raguwa kuma kwakwalwa yana aika alamun yunwa. Duk da cin isasshen abinci, jiki har yanzu ba ya jin koshi, kodayake samfuran da ba su da sukari sun ƙunshi wasu sinadarai masu samar da kuzari. Don haka, masu zaƙi suna hana jiki ƙididdige adadin adadin kuzari na abinci yadda ya kamata, yana haifar da jin yunwa wanda ke ƙarfafa ci gaba.

Physiology da ilimin halin dan Adam na dandano

Lokaci don wasu abubuwan gani.

Mun sanya babban lu'ulu'u na sukari (sukari kankara) a kan harshe kuma a hankali a tsotse shi. Kurkura bakinka da ruwa sannan a tozarta harshenka da dan kadan na sukari (ko sikari na yau da kullun). Bari mu kwatanta ra'ayoyin samfuran biyu. Sigar crystalline mai kyau tana da kyau fiye da sukarin kankara. Dalilin shi ne adadin rushewar sucrose, wanda ya dogara da saman lu'ulu'u (kuma wannan, a cikin duka, ya fi girma ga ƙananan ƙwayar cuta fiye da babban yanki na nauyin nauyin). Saurin rushewar yana haifar da saurin kunna ƙarin masu karɓa akan harshe da ƙarin jin daɗi.

super dadi

Mafi kyawun abin da aka sani shine fili mai suna Lugduname, wanda masanan Faransanci suka samu daga Lyon (a cikin Latin). An kiyasta RS na abu a 30.000.000 300 20 (wannan shine sau XNUMX mafi zaki fiye da sucrose)! Akwai alaƙa da yawa iri ɗaya tare da Rs XNUMX miliyan.

A cikin tsoffin litattafan ilmin halitta akwai taswirar fahimtar harshe ga ɗanɗanonsu. A cewarta, ƙarshen sashin jikinmu tabbas ya kasance mai karɓuwa musamman ga kayan zaki. Danka sandar tsabta tare da maganin sukari kuma ku taɓa harshe a wurare daban-daban: a ƙarshe, a gindi, a tsakiya da kuma a gefe. Mafi mahimmanci, ba za a sami bambanci mai mahimmanci ba a yadda sassan daban-daban nasa ke amsawa ga zaƙi. Rarraba masu karɓa don abubuwan dandano na asali kusan iri ɗaya ne a cikin harshe, kuma bambance-bambancen hankali da kansu kaɗan ne.

A ƙarshe, wani abu daga ilimin halin dan Adam na dandano. Muna shirya maganin sukari na maida hankali ɗaya, amma kowannensu yana da launi daban-daban: ja, rawaya da kore (muna launi, ba shakka, tare da launin abinci). Muna gudanar da gwajin zaki a kan abokan da ba su san abubuwan da ke tattare da mafita ba. Wataƙila za su gano cewa mafita na ja da rawaya sun fi zaƙi fiye da koren mafita. Sakamakon gwajin kuma wani abu ne na juyin halittar dan adam - 'ya'yan itatuwa ja da rawaya sun cika kuma suna dauke da sikari da yawa, sabanin 'ya'yan itatuwa masu kore marasa tushe.