Siverti

Ana auna tasirin ionizing radiation akan rayayyun halittu a cikin raka'a da ake kira sieverts (Sv). A cikin Poland, matsakaicin adadin radiation na shekara-shekara daga tushen halitta shine 2,4 millisieverts (mSv). Tare da haskoki na X, muna karɓar kashi na 0,7 mSv, kuma zaman shekara guda a cikin gida marar ƙarewa a kan granite substrate yana da alaƙa da kashi 20 mSv. A cikin birnin Ramsar na Iran (fiye da mazaunan 30), adadin yanayin halitta na shekara shine 300 mSv. A cikin yankunan da ke waje da Fukushima NPP, matakin mafi girma a halin yanzu ya kai 20 mSv a kowace shekara.

Radiation da aka samu a kusa da tashar makamashin nukiliya mai aiki yana ƙara yawan adadin shekara da ƙasa da 0,001 mSv.

Babu wanda ya mutu daga ionizing radiation da aka saki a lokacin hadarin Fukushima-XNUMX. Don haka, ba a rarraba taron a matsayin bala'i (wanda ya kamata ya haifar da mutuwar akalla mutane shida), amma a matsayin mummunan hatsarin masana'antu.

A cikin makamashin nukiliya, kare lafiyar ɗan adam da rayuwa shine koyaushe mafi mahimmanci. Saboda haka, nan da nan bayan hatsarin da ya faru a Fukushima, an ba da umarnin kwashe mutane a wani yanki mai nisan kilomita 20 a kusa da tashar wutar lantarki, sannan aka kara zuwa kilomita 30. Daga cikin mutane dubu 220 da suka fito daga yankuna da suka gurbata, ba a gano wasu lamuran kiwon lafiya da suka haifar da ionizing radiation ba.

Yara a yankin Fukushima ba sa cikin hadari. A cikin rukuni na yara 11 da suka sami matsakaicin adadin radiation, allurai zuwa glandar thyroid sun kasance daga 5 zuwa 35 mSv, wanda ya dace da kashi ga dukan jiki daga 0,2 zuwa 1,4 mSv. Hukumar Kula da Makamashin Nukiliya ta Duniya tana ba da shawarar gudanar da ingantaccen aidin a adadin thyroid sama da 50 mSv. Don kwatantawa: bisa ga ka'idodin Amurka na yanzu, adadin bayan wani haɗari a iyakar yankin keɓe bai kamata ya wuce 3000 mSv zuwa glandar thyroid ba. A Poland, bisa ga Dokar Majalisar Ministoci ta 2004, ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da kwayoyi tare da barga iodine idan kowane mutum daga yankin haɗari yana da damar samun ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta akalla 100 mSv zuwa glandar thyroid. A ƙananan allurai, ba a buƙatar sa baki.

Bayanan sun nuna cewa duk da karuwa na wucin gadi na radiation a lokacin hadarin Fukushima, sakamakon karshe na rediyo na hadarin ba shi da kyau. Ikon radiation da aka rubuta a wajen tashar wutar lantarki ya zarce adadin da aka halatta a kowace shekara sau da yawa. Wannan karuwar ba ta wuce kwana ɗaya ba don haka bai shafi lafiyar jama'a ba. Dokar ta ce don yin barazana, dole ne su kasance fiye da yadda aka tsara na shekara guda.

Mazauna yankin na farko sun koma yankin da aka kwashe tsakanin kilomita 30 zuwa 20 daga tashar wutar lantarki watanni shida kacal da faruwar hatsarin.

Mafi girman gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu a yankunan da ke wajen Fukushima-2012 NPP a halin yanzu (a cikin 20) ya kai 1 mSv a kowace shekara. Ana lalata wuraren da aka gurbata ta hanyar cire saman saman ƙasa, ƙura da tarkace. Manufar ƙazantar shine a rage ƙarin ƙarin tsawon lokaci na shekara-shekara ƙasa da XNUMX mSv.

Hukumar kula da makamashin nukiliya ta Japan ta yi kiyasin cewa, ko da bayan yin la'akari da kudaden da ake kashewa dangane da girgizar kasa da igiyar ruwa ta Tsunami, gami da kudin da ake kashewa wajen kwashe mutane, da biyan diyya, da soke aikin makamashin nukiliyar Fukushima NPP, makamashin nukiliya ya kasance tushen makamashi mafi arha a kasar Japan.

Ya kamata a jaddada cewa gurɓatawa tare da kayan fission yana raguwa da lokaci, tun da kowane atom, bayan fitar da radiation, ya daina zama rediyoaktif. Don haka, bayan lokaci, gurɓataccen rediyo yana faɗuwa da kanta kusan zuwa sifili. Dangane da gurɓataccen sinadari, gurɓataccen abu sau da yawa ba sa lalacewa kuma, idan ba a zubar da su ba, na iya zama sanadin mutuwa har zuwa shekaru miliyoyi.

Tushen: Cibiyar Nazarin Nukiliya ta ƙasa.