Tsarin Kula da Kasa na Alliance
An tsara tsarin AGS don aiwatar da ayyukan da suka shafi tsaron iyakokin kasashen NATO (na kasa da ruwa), da kare sojoji da fararen hula, da kuma magance rikici da taimakon agaji.
A ranar 21 ga Nuwamban shekarar da ta gabata, Northrop Grumman ya ba da sanarwar nasarar nasarar jirgin saman jirgin sama mara matuki na farko (UAV) RQ-4D, wanda nan ba da jimawa ba zai gudanar da ayyukan leken asiri ga kungiyar Arewacin Atlantic Alliance. Wannan shi ne na farko daga cikin jiragen sama marasa matuki guda biyar da aka shirya kai wa Turai don buƙatun tsarin sa ido kan ƙasa na NATO AGS.
Jirgin sama mara matuki na RQ-4D ya tashi ne a ranar 20 ga Nuwamba, 2019 daga Palmdale, California, kuma kimanin awanni 22 bayan haka, a ranar 21 ga Nuwamba, ta sauka a sansanin Sojan Sama na Italiya Sigonella. UAV da aka gina a Amurka ya cika buƙatun takaddun shaida irin na soja don kewayawa da kai a sararin samaniyar Turai ta Hukumar Kare Jiragen Sama ta Turai (EASA). RQ-4D sigar ce ta jirgin sama mara matuki na Global Hawk wanda Sojojin saman Amurka ke amfani da shi tsawon shekaru da dama. Motocin jirage marasa matuki da ƙungiyar North Atlantic Alliance ta saya sun dace da buƙatunta; za su gudanar da bincike da sarrafa ayyukan a lokacin zaman lafiya, rikici da lokacin yaƙi.
Tsarin NATO AGS ya haɗa da motocin jirage marasa matuki tare da tsarin radar ci gaba, abubuwan ƙasa da tallafi. Babban abin sarrafawa shine Babban Aiki Base (MOB), wanda yake a Sigonella, Sicily. Jiragen saman NATO AGS marasa matuka za su tashi daga nan. Jirage biyu za su kasance suna aiki a lokaci guda, kuma bayanan da aka samu daga radar SAR-GMTI da aka sanya a kan benensu za a bincika ta ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru guda biyu. Shirin AGS NATO ya kasance wani shiri mai mahimmanci na ƙasashen Arewacin Atlantic Alliance shekaru da yawa, amma har yanzu ba a fara aiwatar da shi ba. Koyaya, ƙananan matakai sun rage har sai an gama shirye-shiryen aiki. Wannan bayani ya yi kama da Ƙwararrun Farko na Farko da Tsaro na NATO (NAEW & CF), wanda ke aiki kusan shekaru arba'in.
Tsarin AGS ya ƙunshi abubuwa biyu: iska da ƙasa, waɗanda ba za su ba da sabis na nazari ba kawai da goyan bayan fasaha don aikin ba, har ma da gudanar da horar da ma'aikata.
Manufar tsarin NATO AGS zai kasance don cike gibi a cikin mahimman damar bayanan sirri na Arewacin Atlantic Alliance. Ba kungiyar NATO ce kadai ta damu da nasarar wannan shiri ba. Nasarar wannan saka hannun jari a cikin tsaro ya dogara da yawa ga duk waɗanda suka san cewa samun sabbin dabaru ne kawai zai iya taimaka mana wajen tabbatar da tsaro a Turai da duniya. Wannan muhimmin yunƙuri shi ne kula da duk abin da ke faruwa a ƙasa da kuma a cikin teku, ciki har da nesa da yankin Arewacin Atlantic Alliance, a kowane lokaci, a duk yanayin yanayi. Wani muhimmin aiki shi ne samar da mafi yawan fasahar fasahar zamani a fagen hankali, sa ido da kuma fahimtar iyawar RNR (Masu hankali, Sa ido da Bincike).
Bayan shekaru masu yawa na hawa da sauka, a karshe, gungun kasashe 15 tare sun yanke shawarar samun wadannan ayyuka masu matukar muhimmanci a fagen NATO AGS, watau. gina tsarin haɗin gwiwa wanda ya ƙunshi abubuwa uku: iska, ƙasa da tallafi. Sashin Jirgin na NATO AGS zai ƙunshi RQ-4D Global Hawk UAVs biyar marasa makami. Wannan Ba’amurke, sanannen dandalin jirage marasa matuki, ya dogara ne akan ƙirar jirgin Global Hawk Block 40 wanda Northrop Grumman Corporation ya kera, sanye da na’urar radar da aka gina ta amfani da fasahar MP-RTIP (Multi Platform - Radar Technology Insertion Programme), haka kuma. hanyar sadarwa a cikin layin gani da kuma bayan layin gani, tare da dogon zango da haɗin bayanai na broadband.
Sashin ƙasa na NATO AGS, wanda shine muhimmin abu na wannan sabon tsarin, ya ƙunshi kayan aiki na musamman da ke tallafawa aikin bincike na AGS MOB da kuma wasu tashoshi na ƙasa da aka gina a cikin tsarin wayar hannu, šaukuwa da šaukuwa waɗanda ke iya haɗawa da sarrafa bayanai. tare da ikon yin aiki. Waɗannan na'urori suna sanye take da musaya waɗanda ke ba da babban matakin hulɗa tare da masu amfani da bayanai da yawa. A cewar NATO, sashin ƙasa na wannan tsarin zai wakilci wani muhimmin mahimmanci tsakanin babban tsarin NATO AGS da kuma tsarin C2ISR (Umurni, Sarrafa, Intelligence, Sa ido & Binciken) tsarin don umarni, sarrafawa, hankali, sa ido da bincike. . . Sashin ƙasa zai sadarwa tare da yawancin tsarin da aka riga aka yi. Zai yi aiki tare da masu amfani da yawa masu aiki tare da yin aiki nesa da yankin sa ido na iska.
Irin wannan amfani da yawa na tsarin NATO AGS za a gudanar da shi don samar da wayar da kan al'amuran yau da kullum a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na ayyuka don bukatun, ciki har da kwamandojin da aka kafa a yankunan da ake bunkasa karfi. Bugu da ƙari, tsarin AGS zai iya tallafawa ayyuka masu yawa waɗanda suka wuce basirar dabara ko dabara. Tare da waɗannan kayan aiki masu sassaucin ra'ayi, za a iya aiwatar da: kariya ga fararen hula, kula da kan iyaka da tsaro na teku, ayyukan yaki da ta'addanci, goyon baya ga tsarin tafiyar da rikici da taimakon agaji idan akwai bala'o'i, goyon bayan ayyukan bincike da ceto.
Tarihin tsarin sa ido kan iska na AGS na NATO yana da tsayi kuma mai rikitarwa, kuma galibi yana buƙatar sasantawa. A shekara ta 1992, an ƙaddara yuwuwar samun haɗin gwiwa tare da sabbin sojoji da kadarori daga ƙasashen NATO bisa wani bincike na ci gaban tattalin arziki da kwamitin tsare-tsare na tsaro ke gudanarwa kowace shekara a NATO. A lokacin, an yi tunanin cewa ya kamata ƙungiyar ta yi niyyar yin aiki don ƙarfafa ikon sa ido kan sararin sama, wanda zai iya ƙarawa, idan zai yiwu, ta hanyar sauran tsarin leken asirin da ke aiki da iska wanda ke yin hulɗa tare da sabbin tsarin haɗin gwiwar na ƙasashe da yawa.
Tun da farko, ana sa ran cewa, godiya ga ci gaban ci gaban tattalin arziki, tsarin kula da ƙasa na NATO AGS zai iya dogara da nau'o'in tsarin sa ido na ƙasa da dama. Ana yin la'akari da duk tsarin ƙasa da ke da ikon sa ido kan lamarin. An yi la'akari da ra'ayoyin gina tsarin Amurka na tsarin TIPS (Maganin Masana'antu na Transatlantic) ko na Turai dangane da haɓaka sabon radar iska; Manufar Turai ita ce ake kira SOSTAR (Stand Off Surveillance Target Acquisition Radar). Duk da haka, duk waɗannan yunƙurin da ƙungiyoyin jihohi masu ra'ayi daban-daban suka yi game da samar da sabbin dabaru ba su sami isasshen tallafi daga ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwar Arewacin Atlantic don fara aiwatar da su ba. Babban dalilin rashin jituwar ƙasashen NATO shine rarrabuwa zuwa ƙasashen da suka goyi bayan ra'ayin yin amfani da shirin radar Amurka TCAR (Transatlantic Cooperative Advanced Radar) da kuma waɗanda suka dage kan shawarar Turai (SOSTAR).
A cikin watan Satumba na 1999, jim kaɗan bayan shigar ƙasar Poland shiga ƙungiyar gamayya ta Arewa ta Atlantika, mun shiga gungun manyan ƙasashe na NATO waɗanda suka goyi bayan wannan muhimmin shiri na kawance. A lokacin, rikici ya ci gaba a yankin Balkan, kuma yana da wuya a yi watsi da cewa al’amuran duniya ba za su kuɓuta daga ƙarin rikici ko ma yaƙe-yaƙe ba. Saboda haka, a cikin wannan yanayin, an dauki irin waɗannan damar da suka dace.
A cikin 2001, bayan hare-haren ta'addanci a Amurka, Majalisar Arewacin Atlantic Council ta yanke shawarar farfado da ra'ayin gina tsarin NATO AGS ta hanyar kaddamar da shirin ci gaba da ke samuwa ga dukkanin kasashe mambobin kungiyar. A cikin 2004, NATO ta yanke shawarar yin zaɓi, wanda ke nufin sasantawa tsakanin matsayi na ƙasashen Turai da Amurka. Dangane da wannan sasantawa, an yanke shawarar yin haɗin gwiwa tare da samar da rundunar sojojin NATO AGS na jirage marasa matuƙa. Bangaren iska na NATO AGS zai ƙunshi jirgin sama na Turai Airbus A321 da kuma binciken motocin marasa matuki da masana'antar Amurka BSP RQ-4 Global Hawk ke kerawa. Bangaren ƙasa na NATO AGS shine ya haɗa da kafaffen tashoshi na ƙasa da yawa da kuma wayar hannu waɗanda ke iya watsa bayanai daga tsarin zuwa zaɓaɓɓun masu amfani.
A cikin 2007, saboda ƙarancin kasafin tsaro na ƙasashen Turai, ƙasashen NATO sun yanke shawarar dakatar da ƙarin aiki kan aiwatar da wani tsari mai tsadar gaske na rukunin rukunin jiragen saman NATO AGS, kuma a maimakon haka sun ba da shawarar sigar mai rahusa da sauƙaƙan ginin. Tsarin NATO AGS wanda ya kamata a ce sashin iska na NATO AGS ya dogara ne kawai akan ingantattun jiragen leken asiri marasa matuki, watau. a aikace, wannan yana nufin samun US Global Hawk Block 40 UAV. A lokacin, shi ne kawai jirgin sama mara matuki mai cikakken aiki a cikin NATO na ƙasashe da aka lasafta a matsayin mafi girma ajin III a cikin NATO, ban da High Altitude, Long Endurance (HALE). ) category da kuma alaƙa MP radar -RTIP (Multi Platform Radar Technology Insertion Program).
A cewar masana'anta, na'urar radar na iya ganowa da kuma bin diddigin wuraren da aka kai hari ta hanyar wayar hannu, da tsara taswirar filin, da kuma sanya ido kan hare-haren jiragen sama, ciki har da makami mai linzami masu tsayi, a duk yanayin yanayi, dare da rana. Radar ta dogara ne akan fasahar AESA (Active Electronics Scanned Array).
A cikin Fabrairun 2009, ƙasashe membobin NATO har yanzu suna shiga cikin shirin (ba duka ba) sun fara aiwatar da rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar fahimtar juna ta NATO AGS PMOU (Memorandum of Understanding Program). Daftarin aiki ne da aka amince da shi tsakanin kasashen NATO (ciki har da Poland) wadanda suka yanke shawarar ba da goyon baya ga wannan shiri da kuma shiga cikin samar da abubuwan da suka dace don sabon tsarin kawance.
A wancan lokacin, Poland, a cikin fuskantar matsalar tattalin arziki da ke barazana ga sakamakonta a cikin bazara na wannan shekarar, a karshe ta yanke shawarar cewa ba za ta sanya hannu kan wannan takarda ba kuma a cikin Afrilu ta janye daga wannan shirin, wanda ke nuna cewa a cikin yanayin da yanayin tattalin arziki ya inganta. zai iya komawa ga goyan bayan wannan muhimmin shiri. A ƙarshe, a cikin 2013, Poland ta koma cikin rukunin ƙasashen NATO da ke ci gaba da shiga cikin shirin kuma, a matsayinta na goma sha biyar, sun yanke shawarar kammala wannan muhimmin shiri na haɗin gwiwar Arewacin Atlantic. Shirin ya hada da kasashe kamar haka: Bulgaria, Denmark, Estonia, Jamus, Lithuania, Latvia, Luxembourg, Italiya, Poland, Czech Republic, Norway, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia da Amurka.
