Na biyu Tesla Syndrome.

Juya maɓallin kuma muna da wutar lantarki! - ya biyo bayan wasu rahotannin kafofin watsa labaru game da shirye-shiryen samar da motocin lantarki a Poland, wanda aka sanar a cikin 'yan watannin nan. Duk da haka, idan aka yi la’akari da gaskiya da kuma duban tarihi na gargad’in mu da mu yi hattara, tun da duka iyawar fasaha da babban birnin da ake buƙata don fara juyin juya halin lantarki sun ɗan yi kaɗan a ƙasarmu.

Yawancin abubuwan da ke faruwa a fannin sanarwa da sanarwa. Ministan makamashi Krzysztof Czorzewski ya sanar a watan Mayun 2017 cewa a cikin makonni masu zuwa. Doka akan tsarin tallafi don yunƙurin da suka danganci haɓakar wutar lantarki a Poland. Shirin ci gaba na motocin lantarki da ma'aikatar makamashi ta gabatar ya ɗauka cewa nan da shekarar 2025 za a sami motocin lantarki miliyan guda a kan hanyoyin Vistula.

A matakin farko (har zuwa 2018), dole ne gwamnati ta shawo kan Poles game da ra'ayinta - sannan za a aiwatar da su. shirye-shiryen matukin jirgi. Sannan, a cikin 2019-2020, za a gina ababen more rayuwa don cajin motocin lantarki a cikin zaɓaɓɓun agglomerations kuma tare da TEN-T (Trans-Trans Transport Network) akan kogin Vistula. Gwamnati ta kiyasta cewa za a samu mutane 50 a cikin garuruwa 2020 da aka zaba nan da shekarar 2025. motocin lantarki. A ƙarshe, gwamnati ta yi hasashen cewa a cikin kashi na uku (XNUMX-XNUMX), motocin lantarki za su zama mafi shahara. ta da bukatar ga irin wadannan motoci. A cewar ma'aikatar, cibiyar sadarwar makamashi ta Poland za ta riga ta shirya don samar da kusan motocin lantarki miliyan daya da wutar lantarki.

Nisa daga matsakaicin Turai

Don haka da yawa tsare-tsare da sanarwa. Haƙiƙanin lambobi a nan da yanzu sun fi ƙanƙanta. A cewar kungiyar masana'antar kera motoci ta Poland, a cikin watan Afrilun 2017, akwai motocin lantarki guda 47 da aka yiwa rajista a cikin rukunin motocin fasinja gaba daya, ciki har da Idan muka dauki wannan a matsayin matsakaicin halin yanzu kuma muka ninka da goma sha biyu, muna samun motocin lantarki rabin dubu rajista a kowace shekara. a Poland. Fiye da 400 2016 duk motoci suna rajista a karon farko (XNUMX).

Babu alamun ci gaba mai kaifi kuma har yanzu ba mu da kyau sosai idan aka kwatanta da Turai. A cewar kungiyar masu kera motoci ta Turai (ACEA), a cikin jimillar motoci dubu 2016 ne aka yiwa rajista a Tarayyar Turai a shekarar 155,2. motocin da ke da wutar lantarki (ECV-) - wanda ya fi 4,8% mafi kyau fiye da sakamakon da aka samu a 2015 (wannan rukunin kuma ya haɗa da nau'in nau'in nau'in).

Mafi yawan (ECV) bara aka rajista a Norway (44,9 dubu - a 2015 akwai 33,7 dubu), Birtaniya (36,9 dubu - idan aka kwatanta da 28,7 dubu a 2015.), Faransa (29,1 dubu - 22,8 dubu), Jamus (25,2). dubu - 23,5 dubu), da kuma a cikin Netherlands, inda, duk da haka, an samu raguwa mai yawa idan aka kwatanta da 2015 - 22,8 dubu mutane suna rajista. masu aikin lantarki da mutane dubu 44,4. a shekarar da ta gabata.

A cewar ACEA, a shekarar da ta gabata an yi rajistar motocin lantarki 556 na kungiyar ECV a Poland - ciki har da abin da ake kira (BEV), (EREV), (FCEV) da (PHEV). Don kwatanta, a cikin 2015 adadin rajistar motocin ƙungiyar ECV a Poland ya kai jimlar 337.

Hukumar bincike ta kasa da kasa Navigant Research ta yi hasashen cewa nan da shekarar 2023, motocin lantarki za su kai kashi 2,4% na tallace-tallacen ababen hawa na gaba a duniya. Kamar yadda kake gani, a Poland wannan kashi har yanzu yana da ƙasa sosai kuma dole ne ya yi girma ta hanyar tsalle-tsalle da iyakoki ta yadda ba za mu iya cimma matsakaicin hasashen kawai ba, har ma mu kai matsayi mafi girma, saboda waɗannan shirye-shiryenmu ne kuma buri.

Kamfanoni hudu mallakar gwamnati da gasar

Haɓaka haɓakar lantarki da haɓaka aikin motar lantarki na Poland ana aiwatar da shi ta kamfanin Electro-Mobility Poland. (1) kamfani ne da aka kirkira a watan Oktoba 2016 ta kamfanoni hudu: PGE, Tauron, Enea da Energa. Kowannensu ya ɗauki kashi 25% na babban birnin da aka ba da izini, wanda shine PLN 10 miliyan. Kamfanin yana shirin - tare da goyon bayan gwamnatin Poland - don ƙirƙirar tushe don sabon kasuwa na ciki kuma ya zama wani ɓangare na masana'antar motocin lantarki ta duniya.

1. ElectroMobility Poland - hoton shafin

Minista Czorzewski ya ce "Ƙananan motar lantarki na birane, da aka samar a Poland kuma bisa tunanin fasaha na Poland, kalubale ne ga kasuwar motocin Poland," in ji Minista Czorzewski, yana sanar da kafa kamfanin. "A matsayinmu na ma'aikatar makamashi, muna goyon bayan bunkasa wutar lantarki a Poland, muna samar da yanayi ga 'yan kasuwa na Poland da ke aiki a wannan bangare ta yadda za su samu nasarar yin gogayya da na Turai. Tabbas, ko za a kera irin wannan motar a Poland za a gwada ta kasuwa a ƙarshe."

Shirin kuma ya hada da lantarki sufurin jama'a. Ƙaddamar da mafita na ƙira cajin kayayyakin more rayuwa motocin lantarki kamar yadda aka ayyana a karkashin manufofin ci gaban kasa.

ElectroMobility Poland ya sanar gasar don motar lantarki ta farko ta Poland. Ranar ƙarshe don ƙaddamar da ayyuka ya ƙare a tsakiyar watan Mayu 2017. Mun hadu da wadanda suka yi nasara a ranar 12 ga Satumba, kuma ya kamata a gina samfurin motar a shekara mai zuwa. A farkon watan Mayu da Yuni, masu shirya shirye-shiryen sun ba da rahoton kusan aikace-aikacen ɗari, duka daga ƙananan kamfanoni da manyan ƙungiyoyi na duniya da daidaikun mutane.

Kakakin ElectroMobility Poland Alexandra Baldis ya ce "Mun gamsu da babban sha'awar gasar." “Yanzu matakin farko na aikin juri zai gudana, wanda muka gayyaci hukumomi daga duniyar kera motoci da fitattun masu zanen kaya. Matakin farko shine tantancewa na yau da kullun, sannan zaɓin ayyuka da zaɓin ayyuka goma sha biyar mafi ban sha'awa na ƙarshe."

A cikin sanarwar, masu shirya gasar sun kuma ce, kowane daga cikin ayyukan da aka amince da su a wasan karshe, za a yi nazari mai zurfi ta fuskar zane da injiniyoyi, aminci, kwanciyar hankali, salo da kyautata muhalli, da kuma aikin tuki.

Alkalan sun hada da:

• masu ilimi, wato Prof. hubba. Turanci Marcin Szlenzak – Daraktan Cibiyar Sufuri ta Motoci, Farfesa. Dr. Eng. Arch. Stefan Westrich - daga Faculty of Architecture na Jami'ar Fasaha ta Warsaw, Dr. Ing. Andrzej Muszynski - Darakta na Cibiyar Harkokin Kasuwancin Mota (PIMOT), Dokta Wojciech Wesolek - Malami a Cibiyar Harkokin Kasuwancin Harkokin Kasuwanci na Kwalejin Fine Arts a Wroclaw, mai tsara jiragen ruwa, motoci, babura da wasanni na bidiyo;
• masu zanen kaya, i.e. Oscar Zenta shi ne shugaban gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Zieta Prozessdesign, Wojciech Sokołowski mai zanen abin hawa ne, shugaban kamfanin SOKKA, wanda ya kware a masana'antu da ƙirar abin hawa;
• direba, Wato, Joanna Madej - matukin jirgi da mai tsere, zakaran Poland a cikin tarurrukan mota, Natalia Kowalska - direban tsere, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, wasan kwaikwayo a cikin Formula Master da Formula 2, Tomasz Chopik - mai taken direba, zakaran Poland a cikin tarurrukan mota;
• 'yan jarida masu motociwadanda. Jarosław Maznas - daga TVN Turbo, mai kula da shirin "Automaniak", Rafal Jemielita - daga TVN Turbo, Katarzyna Friendl - 'yar jarida na mota da mai rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo, marubucin gidan yanar gizon motocaina.pl;
• da kuma Anna Dereszowska - wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo da fim, mai sha'awar motsa jiki, Iza Rogulska - masanin sadarwa da hulɗar jama'a, Phillips Polska, Marcin Kobylecki - darektan kirkire-kirkire da memba na Platige Image, Joanna Kloskowska - darektan tallace-tallace na Ringier Axel Springer Polska, ƙware a cikin alama - tallace-tallace da sadarwa.

Gasar farko ta ƙunshi matakin gani. Wani kuma, wanda za'a sanar a wannan Satumba, ya shafi ƙirar ƙira. Da zarar an yanke shawara, ElectroMobility Poland yana tsara tsarin amincewa, samar da ƙananan jerin sannan kuma goyon baya don ƙaddamar da jerin abubuwan.

Matsayin ElectroMobility Poland shine ƙirƙirar yanayi don kasuwancin da ke nuna yuwuwar a kasuwa na masu kera motocin lantarki. Kamfanin ya kamata ya zama farkon farawa a nan. (bari mu tsaya da wannan nomenclature, ko da yake a cikin “lantarki” mahallin da alama ya tsufa) don ƙarin tuki da yuwuwar samar da yawan jama'a - wato, kuɗi don saka hannun jari - dole ne ya fito daga wani wuri dabam. To a ina?

Wannan tambaya ce da aka yi magana da ita ta hanyar motar lantarki fiye da ɗaya ta Poland, ko kuma ƙirarta.

Don kwatantawa, ga ɗan gajeren jerin jarin da ayyukan lantarki a duniya za su iya dogara da su.

Biliyoyin China

Zuba jari a duniya da kuma ba da kuɗaɗe ga masu fara haɓaka sabbin motocin lantarki ya ƙaru daga kimanin dala miliyan 200 a cikin 2013 zuwa dala biliyan 2 a cikin 2016, bisa ga ƙididdiga daban-daban. Waɗannan adadin suna girma cikin sauri. Sinanci kawai (duk da sunan) zakaran duniya (2) Tun lokacin da aka kafa ta a shekarar 2015, ta samu dala biliyan daya daga hannun masu saka hannun jari. A shekarar 2018 ne ya kamata a kera motar ta farko, tare da shirin kera motoci 2021 nan da shekarar 100. sassan mota

2. Abubuwan gani na Weltmeister

Wani kamfani na kasar Sin da aka kafa a shekarar 2014. NextEV, an yi asarar rabin dala biliyan ya zuwa yanzu. Ya yi niyyar kera wata sabuwar mota kwata-kwata, wadda ta dace da bukatun kwastomomi. A halin yanzu ta ƙirƙira Motar tseren EP9, an san shi a matsayin mafi sauri a duniya motar lantarki.

Kamfanoni na farko da na kasar Sin da ba a san su ba, wadanda ke da burin mamaye kasuwar motocin lantarki da ke tasowa na iya tsammanin daruruwan miliyoyin da biliyoyin daga manyan kamfanonin fasahar kasar Sin. Misali, "Google Sinanci" kamfani ne Baidu - tare da Tenings Holdings Suna goyon baya Makomar Mobility, kamfani da ke son samar da samfuran lantarki masu ƙima. Ba abin mamaki ba ne ta yi nasarar samun injiniyoyi daga BMW da Tesla.

Kamfanin, wanda aka kafa a cikin 2014, yana da alaƙa da babban birnin kasar Sin. Makomar Faraday daga California wanda ke son yin takara da Tesla. A yayin babban baje kolin kayan lantarki da sabbin fasahohi - Nunin Nunin Lantarki na Masu Amfani, wanda ake gudanarwa duk shekara a Las Vegas - ta gabatar lantarki mai cin gashin kansawanda ya kai gudun kilomita 2,39 a cikin dakika 97.

Kamfanin ya yi alfaharin cewa motar FF91 ya fi sauri Model S Tesla da duk wasu motocin lantarki da aka kera a halin yanzu (Tesla na iya kaiwa ga saurin gudu zuwa 97 km / h a cikin dakika 2,5). A yayin bikin baje kolin, an nuna iyawar motar da ta zagaya wurin ajiye motoci ba tare da direba a cikinta ba. Wakilan Faraday sun bayyana cewa, motar tasu mai saurin gudu kusan kilomita 88 a cikin sa'a guda, tana iya yin tafiyar kilomita 775. Hakanan ana iya caje shi da ma'auni daban-daban na yanzu. Kamfanin kera na’ura na shirin kaddamar da motar a kasuwa a shekarar 2018. Masu karatu waɗanda suke son yin odar mota dole ne su shirya 5 rubles. gaba da dollar...

An ƙirƙira 'yan watanni da suka gabata Motocin Lucid ya zuwa yanzu ya sami "kawai" dala miliyan 131 daga masu zuba jari. Yana shirya wurin gini, Lucy Air (3), dole ne ya kasance yana da sigogi masu ban sha'awa, gami da. Injin 600 hp da kuma ajiyar wutar lantarki na kilomita 52,5. Farashin da aka kiyasta shine dubu XNUMX. daloli, wanda ba wani zaɓi ba ne mai hanawa a cikin ɓangaren motar alatu. Adadin ba abin mamaki bane lokacin da kuka yi la'akari da fa'idodin haraji waɗanda masu siyan lantarki a Amurka za su iya dogaro da su.

Godiya ga tallafin Sinawa da Amurka don fara aikin lantarki, Yaren mutanen Sweden Haɗe, tare da dala miliyan 1,42 a cikin asusun ya yi kama da girman kai. Koyaya, an ba da ƙarfin tunanin fasaha na Sweden da haɗin gwiwa tare da Siemens, Za mu iya tsammanin cewa a cikin 2019-bayan haka, an shirya farkon motar su ta farko a wannan shekara - za mu ga samfurin mai ban sha'awa.

Har ila yau, a wata ƙasa mai al'adun fasaha - Switzerland. Yana aiki a can tun 2009 Classic Factorywanda kwanan nan ya ba da mota Electra (4) An tsara shi don dacewa da samfuran Tesla. Haka kuma keken. Ra'ayi daya - wani kamfani na Croatia ya haɓaka Rimac Motar, ikon 1224 hp. kuma iyakar gudun 350 km/h.

4. Samfurin Elextra - hangen nesa 49

Yawancin misalan da aka bayar daga ko'ina cikin duniya sun nuna cewa yawanci kuna tunanin kera manyan motoci ko aƙalla sama da matsakaicin motoci. Ra'ayoyin Poland don motocin lantarki sun kasance ƙanana, birane, amma rashin alheri, kamar yadda za mu gani, tsada mai tsada, motocin birane.

Jamusanci yana ba da wutar lantarki ta Poland a ƙarƙashin sunan Italiyanci

Kwanan nan, kafofin watsa labaru suna cike da bayanai game da su ƙirar gida na motocin lantarki. Duk da haka, ba koyaushe ba na Yaren mutanen Poland ne kawai, kamar yadda misalin gini ya nuna Farashin 01ESF (5). na cikin gida an boye a nan karkashin jikin wata mota da Tychy ya kera... Fiat 500. Bayan aikin akwai ɗan kasuwa ɗan ƙasar Jamus Thomas Hayek, shugaban kamfanin Bemotion kuma wanda ya kafa masana'antar kera motocin lantarki a Bielsko-Biała.

5. FSE 01 (haƙƙin mallaka: Kayan Wutar Lantarki Bielsko-Biala)

Cibiyar bincike ta motoci BOSMAL ta taimaka wajen ƙirƙirar FSE 01. Sigar da aka nuna a halin yanzu ingantaccen samfuri ne, wanda a cikin 2014, a matsayin mota mai suna BOSMAL 500 E, an gabatar da shi a eCarTech Motor Show a Munich (an riga an sanar da bemotion game da siyarwar ku tare da BOSMAL). ).

Tsawon motar ya wuce mita 3,5 kawai. An sanye shi da PMSM na aiki tare da kashi uku wanda Sosnowiec ya ƙera tare da ƙarfin 45 hp. (mafi girman karfin juyi 120 Nm). Ana ɓoye batura a ƙarƙashin bene. Tare da nauyin kilogiram 1055, motar ya kamata ta hanzarta zuwa iyakar 135 km / h. A kan cajin guda ɗaya zai yi tafiya kusan kilomita 100 kuma, a cewar Hayek, zai yi ƙasa da dala 100. zato." Don kwatanta, don sabon man fetur 50 mai sana'anta a fili yana son ƙasa da XNUMX XNUMX. zloty

Cajin FSE 01 daga soket ɗin gareji na yau da kullun yana ɗaukar kimanin sa'o'i shida, amma sa'o'i uku kawai ta amfani da wutar lantarki 400V. Wakilan FSE sun kiyasta cewa suna iya kera motocin lantarki har dubu a kowace shekara.

Bemotion da Cibiyar Bincike ta Motoci BOSMAL sun gabatar da aikace-aikacen zuwa Cibiyar Bincike da Ci gaba ta ƙasa don tallafawa kusan PLN miliyan 4,5 don aikin haɗin gwiwa mai taken "Haɓaka abin hawa na isar da wutar lantarki tare da makamashi mai wayo". tsarin sarrafawa". Wannan yana nufin cewa a cikin Bielsko-Biala ana gudanar da aikin kera motoci daban-daban guda biyu masu amfani da wutar lantarki - motar jigilar kayayyaki ga kamfanoni da motar fasinja na Kowalski.

Har zuwa yau, Fabryka Samochodow Elektrycznych ya zuba jari har zuwa Yuro miliyan 1 a cikin aikin. An yi la'akari da halartar gasar ElectroMobility Poland, amma buƙatun gasar da EMP ta sanar cewa dole ne motar ta yi tafiya aƙalla kilomita 150 - a wannan yanayin yana kusan kilomita 50.

Kamfanin yana so ya yi niyya da farko na abokan ciniki - bankuna, kamfanonin inshora, watakila hukumomin gwamnati waɗanda ma'aikatansu za su iya amfani da motocin lantarki kamar motocin birni na gargajiya.

Zane na ainihin Yaren mutanen Poland tabbas shine ELVI. Wannan shine sunan manufar motar isar da wutar lantarki ta gida ta farko. Shahararriyar masana'antar taraktocin noma da injina, Ursus, an gabatar da ita a bikin baje kolin Hannover da aka fi sani da shi a watan Afrilu (6), wanda Poland ta kasance abokin tarayya a wannan shekara. Hipolit Cegielski-Poznan ne ya samar da motar. Za a samar da ELVI a Lublin.

6. Ursus ELVI a Hannover Messe na kwanan nan

Dole ne motar ta auna har zuwa ton 3,5. Matsakaicin nauyin nauyi shine 1100 kg, kewayon akan cajin baturi ɗaya zai kasance kusan kilomita 150, kuma matsakaicin saurin zai zama 100 km / h. Kamar yadda wakilan masana'anta suka tabbatar, duk sigogi za a iya keɓance su ga daidaitattun bukatun masu amfani na gaba. Tsawon motar zai kasance kusan 2 m, ta yadda za ta iya shiga cikin sauƙi, misali, filin ajiye motoci na karkashin kasa a cikin cibiyar kasuwanci.

ELVI zai kasance tare da injuna biyu. Na farko yana da injin da ke da ƙarfin 60-70 kW ko kusan 100 hp. za a sanya a tsakiya. A cikin na biyu, za a iya raba ikon zuwa biyu Motors na 35 kW kowane. Batirin lithium-ion da aka yi amfani da su a cikin motar za su ba da damar yin caji da sauri zuwa 90% a cikin minti 15, wanda ya kamata a yi la'akari da kyakkyawan sakamako idan aka kwatanta da mafita da aka saba samu a kasuwa.

Wani ƙayyadaddun abin hawa kuma wanda aka riga aka kera da yawa shine ƙaramin mota tare da injin lantarki da aka yi a Poland. Romet 4E (7), Arkus & Romet Group ya tattara kuma ya bayar tun 2012. Kodayake sunan yana da alaƙa da Yaren mutanen Poland, nau'in samarwa shine kawai bambancin motar lantarki ta Sin mai lamba 5 da muka shigar. Yogomo MA4E. Motar lantarki mara goge tana tuka motar tare da iyakar ƙarfin 5 kW (6,8 hp) da ƙarfin lantarki na 72 V.

Tsarin watsawa yana ba da damar iyakar saurin 62 km / h. Ana adana makamashin da ake buƙata don kunna injin ɗin a cikin batura na gubar-acid guda tara, kowannensu yana da ƙarfin 150 Ah (jimlar 1350 Ah) da ƙarfin lantarki na 8 V. Matsakaicin iyaka shine kilomita 90, amma ana iya ƙara wannan zuwa 180 km. . km ta hanyar kunna yanayin tuki na tattalin arziki, wanda ke rage matsakaicin gudun zuwa 42 km/h.

7. Romet 4E (source: Wikipedia)

8. Siren Niki (haƙƙin mallaka: AK Motor)

Kyawawan, sauri da fasaha cikakke ... zane-zane na kwamfuta

Dukansu FSE da ELVI aƙalla motocin da ake da su ne, har ma a matsayin samfuri. Sai ya zama haka ƙirƙirar samfuri a cikin yanayin Yaren mutanen Poland ya riga ya zama babbar nasara. Ba mu da ƙarancin ayyukan da ke da matuƙar jin daɗi. Waɗannan sun haɗa da, misali, Sirrin Nicky (8). A cewar masana'antar AK Motors, za ta kasance wata karamar mota ce ta gari motar lantarkiwanda zai iya daukar mutane biyu da kananan kaya. Batura da aka kawo tare da injin suna ba da damar kewayon kusan kilomita 150 a cikin yanayin birni kuma ana iya cajin zuwa kashi 90 cikin mintuna 15 kacal.

Matsalar kawai ita ce wannan na'ura ... ba ta wanzu a zahiri. A kalla babu wanda ya gan shi a duniyar gaske. Koyaya, kuna iya ganin kyawawan zane-zanen kwamfuta masu yawa. Abin takaici, wannan kuma ya shafi sauran abubuwan gani na AK Motors - Melusines Oraz Ligey.

A wani lokaci, shari'ar ELV001(9) ta kasance mai girma - motar da ya kamata ta yi tafiya har zuwa kilomita 150 akan caji guda. Dole ne ya zama gaba daya yaren Poland, watau. injiniyoyinmu suka tsara kuma suka gina su. Har ma an karɓi kuɗi daga Tarayyar Turai kuma an ƙirƙiri samfurin ELV8 don miliyan 001. Zane na zamani na waje Michal Kraczyk ne adam wata, dalibin digiri na biyu a Kwalejin Fine Arts a Krakow. Kamfanonin cikin gida irin su Car Technology Production, KOMEL ko Mielec Leopard ne suka dauki nauyin ginin. Samfurin ya ɗauki kimanin watanni 20 don ginawa kuma, a cewar Jerzy Czerkes, mai kula da ayyukan a Hukumar Raya Yankin MaRR da ke Mielec, 90% na abubuwan da aka tsara kuma an gina su a cikin gida.

9. ELV001 (haƙƙin mallaka: exeon.co)

Ƙarfin ELV001 da aka kwatanta da yawa, baya ga salon jikin sa mai kofa uku, ya haɗa da ɗaki don fasinjoji huɗu, girman takalmi mai nauyin lita 310 da ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi mai nauyin 550kg. Drive kuma ya kasance mai ƙarfi. A gefe guda, wannan yana ba da damar tanadi mai mahimmanci (farashin tafiya a kowace kilomita 100 yana kusan 4 zlotys), kuma a gefe guda, yana ba da kyakkyawan aiki. 41 hpu zai ba ku damar haɓaka daga 0 zuwa 100 km / h. cikin kasa da dakika 6. Matsakaicin gudun shine 110 km/h, kuma lokacin cajin baturi ya kasance daga 6 zuwa 8 hours. Don taƙaitawa, zamu iya cewa wannan mota ce tare da sigogi waɗanda ba su da ƙasa da samfuran gasa daga masana'antun duniya da aka sani.

Duk waɗannan ayoyin suna nufin cewa a cikin 2014 kafofin watsa labaru sun rubuta game da ELV001 a matsayin bege na masana'antar mota na gida. An ɗauka cewa tun lokacin da aka ƙirƙiri manufar na'ura mai aiki mai kyau da tattalin arziki, watakila wani abu zai ci gaba da wannan jirgin a kan lokaci. Sai dai kuma bayan haka sai aka yi shiru kan lamarin. Ba a iya samun mai saka hannun jari ba kuma an yi watsi da karar. Bugu da kari, wadanda suka rubuta aikin da kansu ba su bayyana cewa manufarsu ita ce kera mota ba.

Babban ra'ayin shi ne samar da dama ga kanana da matsakaitan kamfanoni na cikin gida daga masana'antar kera motoci don samun gogewa a cikin ƙira da samar da kayan aikin motocin lantarki. Hakanan ya kasance game da gwada ra'ayoyi da tsarin ƙasa. Tabbas, godiya ga wannan, kamfanoni da yawa sun riga sun ba da haɗin kai ko kuma suna da damar yin aiki tare da manyan masu kera motoci a Turai.

Amma ayyukan motocin lantarki na Poland za su kasance har abada a cikin yanayin ra'ayoyi da samfuran farko?

Caja a babban kanti da fitilar titi

Haɓaka aikin motsa jiki na lantarki yana buƙatar ba kawai ƙirar mota mai kyau ba, har ma da kayan aiki. Kuma tare da gaskiyar cewa a Poland yana yiwuwa ma ya fi rauni fiye da kuɗin da za a zuba jari a wannan bangare. A halin yanzu an yi imani cewa muna da kusan. Tashoshi 130 cajin motar lantarki (10). Kuma a Jamus, alal misali, akwai 125 dubu.

10. Taswirar Google tare da wuraren cajin abin hawa na lantarki a Poland (daga mytesla.com)

Dangane da aikin gwamnati "Kunshin sufuri mai tsabta", a Poland ta 2020 6 dubu na yau da kullun da maki 400 masu saurin caji motocin lantarki. Dangane da dokokin EU, aƙalla kowane maki goma dole ne ya zama mai isa ga jama'a.

Kafofin watsa labarai (misali, "Dziennik - Gazeta Prawna") kwanan nan aka buga ko da ya fi girma Figures - a cikin shekaru masu zuwa za mu haifar da wani 10 2 jobs. wuraren cajin abin hawa na lantarki. Kusan rabin su za su kasance a tashar dubawa, wani XNUMX. za su gina maki, alal misali, a masana'antar samar da iskar gas, da kuma a tashoshin wutar lantarki da iska da ruwa. Ba a san irin fasahar da za a haɗa a cikin waɗannan caja ba. Yana da daraja ƙarawa cewa mun riga mun ƙirƙiri tashoshi da yawa ta amfani da mafita Tesla Supercharger - hada da a cikin Wroclaw, Katowice da Poznan.

10 mai matukar buri ne. Wasu za su ce - rashin gaskiya. Duk da haka, yana da wuya a ƙaryata cewa adadin irin waɗannan kayan aiki a Poland yana karuwa sosai kwanan nan. Alal misali, a cikin Łódź kadai, PGE tana aiki a kan tashoshin caji shida tare da damar 50 kW kowace. Za a ƙaddamar da su a cikin rabin na biyu na 2017. An kuma bayar da rahoton cewa masu amfani da wayoyin hannu suna sha'awar samar da hanyar sadarwa ta caja motocin lantarki. Wadannan ayyuka za su samu tallafin ne daga Asusun Sufuri na Low Emission ko Asusun Kula da Muhalli da Ruwa na Kasa, bisa la'akari da amfani da hanyoyin samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa. Kamfanonin motoci irin su BMW, Ford, Daimler da Volkswagen suma suna kafa hanyoyin cajin su a Turai, watau a Poland.

Akwai ƙarin mutane da ke son fara wannan kasuwancin. A ƙarshen 2016, tare da kantin Lidl 80 a Poland, an buɗe tashar cajin abin hawa na farko na sarkar rangwame a Poznan. Tashar kyauta ce kuma ana iya samun ta yayin lokutan aiki na kayan aiki. Kuna iya amfani da shi - godiya ga aikin caji mai sauri, matakin kusan 30% na iya kaiwa ga kusan mintuna XNUMX. Ginin da kansa yana zafi da makamashin geothermal wanda ke goyan bayan dawo da makamashi.

Abubuwan caji kyauta kuma suna haifar da wasu sarkar shaguna. An riga an aiwatar da manufar jawo hankalin abokan ciniki tare da tashoshin caji kyauta a Turai, ciki har da Aldi, E. Leclerc da Auchan. A Poland, IKEA kuma tana ƙirƙirar tashoshin caji mai sauri don irin waɗannan motocin a cikin shagunan ta.

Kamfanonin mai na gwamnati Orlen da Lotos, wadanda har yanzu suna sa ido kan abubuwan da ke faruwa, suna shirin shiga kasuwa mai tsanani. Orlen yana da caja na Tesla guda biyu a fiye da gidajen mai 1700, kuma Lotos yana tuka motocin lantarki da na zamani a zaɓaɓɓun tashoshin Tri-City tun daga 2015.

An haifi ra'ayin ababen more rayuwa mai ban sha'awa a wani yanki na Poland daban-daban. Jami'ar Fasaha ta Lublin da PGE Dystrybucja suna son shirya sabon tsarin caji don motocin lantarki, wanda zai yi amfani da caja da ke cikin Fitilar titi. Ya kamata a kammala aikin a cikin 2020. Manufar aikin ita ce tabbatar da zirga-zirgar motocin lantarki kyauta a cikin Poland a nan gaba. Jami'ar Fasaha ta Lublin za ta shirya hanyoyin fasaha don sababbin caja, kuma PGE Dystrybucja za ta kula da shirye-shiryen IT wanda zai ba da damar caja don haɗawa tare da tsarin sarrafawa na mai samar da makamashi. Sakamakon haka, ana iya haɗa kuɗin wutar lantarkin da ake amfani da shi don cajin motoci a cikin kuɗin wutar lantarki na mazaunin direba.

Batirin mota dole ne a caje shi da iyakar ƙarfin 25 kW. Cikakken caji zai ɗauki kusan mintuna 70. Za a samar da caja da filogi iri uku, wanda zai ba ka damar haɗa nau'ikan motocin lantarki daban-daban. Dole ne su zama bidirectional, i.e. kuma tabbatar da dawowar makamashi daga batura zuwa tsarin, idan ya cancanta. Saboda bambancin farashin wutar lantarki a wasu lokuta na rana, wannan bayani zai taimaka wa direbobi su fahimci ƙarin tanadi. An kiyasta farashin caja ɗaya a kusan 40 rubles. zloty Duk da haka, masu kirkiro aikin ba su da niyyar shiga cikin samar da su - tsare-tsaren caja za su kasance ga masu sana'a masu sha'awar bisa ga buɗaɗɗen lasisi.

A Warsaw ba tare da masu aikin lantarki na birni - a Wroclaw za su tafi

A babban birnin kasar, kuma za a iya cajin motocin lantarki a gaban hedkwatar makamashi na RWE a Wybrzeża Szczecin, da kuma a cikin cibiyoyin kasuwanci da yawa, misali Galeria Mokotów, Arkadia, CH Warszawa Wileńska da Blue City. Ana iya kammala kowane ɗayan waɗannan maki cikin mintuna 40 zuwa awa ɗaya.

A karshen watan Yunin 2016, Hukumar Kula da Sufuri ta Jama'a ta sanar da wani shiri na tsarawa, aiwatarwa da kuma ba da izini na tsarin caji don motocin lantarki da matasan a cikin wuraren shakatawa na motoci na P + R a Warsaw.

Sai dai kawo yanzu rashin isassun tashoshin cajin motocin lantarki na daya daga cikin dalilan da ya sa karamar hukumar Warsaw ta yi kokarin kaddamar da abin da ake kira. raba mota, daga karshe ya yi watsi da bukatar cewa aikin ya hada da motocin lantarki. Watakila na farko a wannan gasa ita ce Wroclaw, inda motocin birni masu amfani da wutar lantarki za su mamaye tituna a cikin bazara na 2018.

A cikin Fabrairu 2017, an sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya tsakanin birnin da kamfanin Enigma, wanda ke da alhakin aiwatar da aikin. Babban birnin Lower Silesia yakamata ya fara da motocin lantarki guda 200 da ake samu ga kowane mazaunin - samfuran Nissan Leaf 190 da Nissan VAN 10.

Motoci ba za su kasance kyauta ba - kimanin kuɗin tafiya zai kai kusan zloty 1 a kowace kilomita. Kuna iya yin ajiyar kuɗi ta gidan yanar gizo ko aikace-aikacen wayar hannu, wanda ke ba ku damar bincika wadatar motoci ɗaya a cikin birni. Budewa da kunna motar kuma za a yi ta amfani da irin wannan aikace-aikacen. Haka yake don biyan kuɗi. Ana yin biyan kuɗi na farko ko biya bayan an dawo da mota. Bugu da kari, za a gina tashoshin cajin motoci goma sha biyu.

11. Loda mota a tsakiyar Warsaw (hoto: blog.kurasinski.com)

Ma'aikatun suna karkata

Akwai ra'ayoyi daban-daban game da taken miliyoyin motocin lantarki akan hanyoyin Poland a tsakiyar shekaru goma masu zuwa. Akwai ra'ayoyi da yawa cewa aiwatar da shirin ba zai yiwu ba. Domin juyin juya halin lantarki yana buƙatar kuɗi na juyin juya hali, babban jari, shirye-shiryen tallafawa direbobi, kamfanoni, cibiyoyi da ƙananan hukumomi. A halin yanzu, a cikin kafofin watsa labaru, ana iya samun rahotanni na takaddama da tashe-tashen hankula a kan wannan batu tsakanin cibiyoyin da ya kamata su inganta tunanin gwamnati.

Pulse Business ya rubuta cewa Ofishin Firayim Minista da Ma'aikatar Kudi ba sa son samun motocin lantarki a cikin rundunarsu. Amma gwamnatin jiha, ciki har da ma’aikatu, kamata ya yi ta bunkasa irin wannan nau’in sufuri da kuma ba da misali.

A halin yanzu, shugaban ofishin Firayim Minista, Beat Kemp, game da rahoton Krzysztof Czorzewski da aka ambata a farkon, ya ba da shawarar cire motocin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin ofishin daga ayyukan da ke tafe, tunda takardar "ba ta la'akari da yanayin aiki na wasu hukumomin gudanarwa, kamar shugaban ofishin Firayim Minista " Ma’aikatar harkokin wajen kasar ta bayyana cewa, suna amfani da motocin da aka kwace daga ofishin jakadancin kasashen waje, don haka ba za su sayi sabbin motoci ba, kuma zai yi wuya ya sayi motocin lantarki. Wani abin ban mamaki shi ne, ma'aikatar kudi, wato ma'aikatar da Mateusz Morawiecki ke shugabanta, daya daga cikin manyan masu tallata motsin lantarki, ita ma tana son kauce wa masu aikin lantarki.

Jami'ai sun kuma nuna shakku kan ra'ayin baiwa motocin lantarki hanyar bas. Wannan yana kawar da ɗayan mahimman abubuwan ƙarfafawa don canzawa zuwa lantarki. Me game da tallafin haraji, kuɗin ajiye motoci da sauran abubuwan more rayuwa waɗanda za su ƙarfafa mutane su yi amfani da motocin lantarki?

A farkon watan Mayu, Krzysztof Kowalczyk, wanda kwanan nan ya jagoranci ElectroMobility Poland, yayi murabus. Ko da yake Maciej Kos, Shugaban EMP, ya ce a cikin wata sanarwa da aka fitar cewa "dukkan ayyukan da ke cikin kamfanin suna tafiya cikin kwanciyar hankali, kuma dakatar da kwangilar da Krzysztof Kowalczyk ba ya barazana ga duk wani aikin da EMP ya yi," irin wannan murabus din da sauri. baya taimakawa wajen samar da kyakkyawan yanayi a kusa da aikin motsi na lantarki na asali.

Yana da wuya kada a lura cewa sanin ƙayyadaddun wahayi ba zai zama aiki mai sauƙi ba. Kudi don saka hannun jari akan sikelin da ake buƙata don haɓakawa da ƙaddamar da samarwa, watau. manyan ba a sa ran ba, kuma ayyukan Poland da aka bayyana ya zuwa yanzu ba sa kashe safa tare da ingantattun hanyoyin fasaha.

Wataƙila ya kamata mu bi hanya dabam kuma maimakon mayar da hankali kan ƙirar "Tesla na biyu", watau. akan kwaikwayo da buɗe kofofin da aka riga aka buɗe, yi tunani game da gano hanyoyin warware matsalolin fasaha dalla-dalla waɗanda har yanzu suna da dacewa a cikin motocin lantarki. bai isa ba, amma a duniya babu wanda ya yi maganin su? Wataƙila yana da daraja neman hanyoyin haɓaka kewayon, saurin caji, ajiyar makamashi, sarrafa makamashi a cikin amfani da motar yau da kullun, kuma wa ya sani - watakila kuma sabbin hanyoyin samar da makamashi?

Wannan hanyar ta dogara ne kawai zuwa wani takamaiman matakin saka hannun jari. Mafi yawa zai dogara ne akan ƙirƙira, wanda Poles ke da yawa.