Mota janareta kewaye

Mafi mahimmanci aikin janareta - cajin baturi baturi da wutar lantarki na kayan lantarki na injin konewa na ciki.

Saboda haka, bari mu duba sosai janareta kewayeyadda ake haɗa shi daidai, da kuma ba da wasu shawarwari kan yadda za ku duba shi da kanku.

Mai Ganawa Tsarin da ke juyar da makamashin inji zuwa makamashin lantarki. Janareta yana da ramin da aka ɗora ɗigo, ta inda yake karɓar jujjuyawa daga mashin ɗin ICE.

1. Batirin mai tarawa
2. Fitowar janareta “+”
3. Mai kunna wuta
4. Alamar lafiya fitila
5. Capacitor na hana surutu
6. Diodes Mai Gyaran Wuta Mai Kyau
7. Diodes Mai Gyaran Wuta mara kyau
8. "Mass" na janareta
9. Excitation diodes
10. Windings na matakai uku na stator
11. Samar da iskar filin, ƙarfin magana don mai sarrafa wutar lantarki
12. Tashin hankali (rotor)
13. Mai sarrafa wutar lantarki

ana amfani da injin janareta don kunna wutar lantarki ga masu amfani da wutar lantarki, kamar: tsarin kunna wuta, kwamfutar da ke kan allo, hasken na'ura, tsarin tantancewa, haka kuma ana iya yin cajin baturin injin. Ikon janareta na motar fasinja kusan 1 kW ne. Injin janareta suna da aminci sosai a cikin aiki, saboda suna tabbatar da aikin na'urori da yawa a cikin motar ba tare da katsewa ba, sabili da haka bukatun su sun dace.

Kayan janareta

Na'urar janareta na na'ura tana nuna kasancewar nata mai gyara da kewayenta. Bangaren da ke samar da janareta, ta amfani da tsayayyen iska (stator), yana haifar da canjin wutan lantarki mai kashi uku, wanda aka ƙara gyara shi da jerin manyan diodes guda shida kuma na yanzu yana cajin baturi. Madadin halin yanzu yana haifar da jujjuyawar filin maganadisu na iska (a kusa da filin iska ko na'ura mai juyi). sa'an nan kuma halin yanzu ta hanyar gogewa da zoben zamewa ana ciyar da su zuwa da'irar lantarki.

Na'urar janareta: 1. Kwaya. 2. Wanke. 3. Pulley. 4. murfin gaba. 5. Zoben nesa. 6. Rotor. 7. Stator. 8. Rufin baya. 9. Casing. 10. Gaske. 11. Hannun kariya. 12. Rectifier naúrar tare da capacitor. 13. Mai goge goge tare da mai sarrafa wutar lantarki.

Janareta yana gaban injin konewa na cikin motar kuma an fara amfani da crankshaft. Tsarin haɗin gwiwa da ka'idar aiki na janareta na mota iri ɗaya ne ga kowace mota. Tabbas, akwai wasu bambance-bambance, amma yawanci ana danganta su da ingancin kayan da aka ƙera, ƙarfi da tsarin abubuwan da ke cikin motar. A cikin dukkan motocin zamani, ana shigar da madaidaitan na'urorin janareta na yanzu, wanda ya haɗa da ba kawai janareta ba, har ma da mai sarrafa wutar lantarki. Mai sarrafawa daidai yake rarraba ƙarfin halin yanzu a cikin iska na filin, saboda wannan shine ikon janareta ya saita kansa yana canzawa a lokacin da ƙarfin lantarki a tashoshin wutar lantarki ya kasance ba canzawa.

Sabbin motoci galibi suna sanye da na'urar lantarki a kan na'urar sarrafa wutar lantarki, don haka kwamfutar da ke kan jirgi za ta iya sarrafa adadin nauyin da ke kan saitin janareta. Bi da bi, a kan matasan motocin, janareta yana yin aikin mai farawa, ana amfani da irin wannan makirci a cikin wasu ƙira na tsarin farawa.

Ka'idar aiki na injin janareta

Haɗin zane na janareta VAZ 2110-2115

Tsarin haɗin janareta alternating current ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu zuwa:

1. Baturi
2. Generator.
3. Fuse toshe.
4. Kunnawa.
5. Allon allo.
6. Toshe mai gyarawa da ƙarin diodes.

Ka'idar aiki abu ne mai sauqi qwarai, lokacin da aka kunna kunnawa, kuma ta hanyar kunna wutar lantarki ta shiga akwatin fuse, kwan fitila, gada diode kuma ta wuce ta resistor zuwa ragi. Lokacin da hasken dashboard ɗin ya haskaka, sai ƙarin ya tafi zuwa ga janareta (zuwa motsin motsa jiki), sannan a cikin aikin fara injin konewa na ciki, pulley ya fara juyawa, armature kuma yana jujjuya, saboda shigar da wutar lantarki. ana haifar da ƙarfin lantarki kuma a madadin halin yanzu yana bayyana.

Mafi haɗari ga janareta shine gajeriyar da'ira na faranti na dumama zafi da aka haɗa da "masa" da "+" tashar janareta tare da abubuwan ƙarfe da aka kama a tsakanin su ba da gangan ba ko gadoji masu aiki da gurbatawa.

kara zuwa cikin naúrar gyara ta hanyar sinusoid zuwa kafadar hagu, diode ya wuce ƙari, kuma ya rage zuwa dama. Ƙarin diodes akan kwan fitila yana yanke minuses kuma ana samun ƙari kawai, sannan ya tafi ƙofar dashboard, diode ɗin da ke wurin yana wucewa kawai ta rage, sakamakon haka, hasken yana kashewa kuma ƙari sannan ya wuce. resistor ya tafi rago.

Za'a iya bayyana ka'idar aiki na inji akai-akai janareta kamar haka: wani karamin motsi na kai tsaye ya fara gudana ta hanyar iskar sha'awa, wanda aka tsara ta hanyar kulawa da kuma kiyaye shi a matakin fiye da 14 V. Yawancin janareta a cikin mota suna iya samar da akalla 45 amperes. Janareta yana aiki a 3000 rpm da sama - idan ka dubi girman girman bel na fan don ƙwanƙwasa, to zai zama biyu ko uku zuwa ɗaya dangane da mitar injin konewa na ciki.

Don guje wa wannan, faranti da sauran sassan injin janareta an rufe su da wani yanki ko gaba ɗaya da abin rufe fuska. A cikin ƙirar monolithic na naúrar gyara, an haɗa magudanar zafi tare da faranti masu hawa da aka yi da kayan rufewa, an ƙarfafa su da sanduna masu haɗawa.

sa'an nan za mu yi la'akari da alaka zane na engine janareta ta amfani da misali na mota Vaz-2107.

Waya zane don janareta a kan VAZ 2107

Shirin cajin VAZ 2107 ya dogara da nau'in janareta da aka yi amfani da shi. Domin cajin baturi a kan irin wadannan motoci kamar: Vaz-2107, Vaz-2104, Vaz-2105, wanda suke a kan carburetor ciki konewa engine, G-222 irin janareta ko makamancinsa tare da matsakaicin fitarwa halin yanzu na 55A. ake bukata. Bi da bi, motoci Vaz-2107 da allura na ciki konewa engine amfani da janareta 5142.3771 ko samfurin, wanda ake kira da ƙara makamashi janareta, tare da matsakaicin fitarwa halin yanzu na 80-90A. Hakanan zaka iya shigar da manyan janareta masu ƙarfi tare da dawo da halin yanzu har zuwa 100A. An gina raka'o'in gyarawa da masu kula da wutar lantarki a cikin dukkan nau'ikan masu canzawa; yawanci ana yin su a cikin gida ɗaya tare da goge ko cirewa kuma ana dora su akan gidan da kansa.

Tsarin cajin VAZ 2107 yana da ɗan bambance-bambance dangane da shekarar da aka kera mota. Bambanci mafi mahimmanci shine kasancewar ko rashi na fitilun sarrafa caji, wanda ke kan sashin kayan aiki, da kuma hanyar da aka haɗa shi da kasancewa ko rashi na voltmeter. Irin waɗannan tsare-tsaren ana amfani da su ne akan motocin carbureted, yayin da tsarin ba ya canzawa akan motoci masu allura ICE, daidai yake da waɗanda motocin da aka kera a baya.

Saitin janareta:

1. "Plus" na mai gyara wutar lantarki: "+", V, 30, V+, BAT.
2. "Ground": "-", D-, 31, B-, M, E, GRD.
3. Fitowar iska: W, 67, DF, F, EXC, E, FLD.
4. Ƙarshe don haɗi tare da fitilar sarrafa sabis: D, D+, 61, L, WL, IND.
5. Fitowar lokaci: ~, W, R, STA.
6. Fitowar sifilin sifili na iskar stator: 0, MP.
7. Fitar mai sarrafa wutar lantarki don haɗa shi zuwa cibiyar sadarwar kan-board, yawanci zuwa baturin “+”: B, 15, S.
8. Fitar da mai sarrafa wutar lantarki don kunna shi daga maɓallin kunnawa: IG.
9. Fitar da mai sarrafa wutar lantarki don haɗa shi zuwa kwamfutar da ke kan allo: FR, F.

Tsarin janareta Vaz-2107 nau'in 37.3701

1. Batirin mai tarawa.
2. Generator.
3. Mai sarrafa wutar lantarki.
4. Toshewar hawa.
5. kunna wuta.
6. Voltmeter
7. Fitilar cajin baturi.

Lokacin da aka kunna wuta, ƙari daga makullin yana zuwa fuse No. 10, sa'an nan kuma ya tafi zuwa ga wutar lantarki mai kula da cajin baturi, sannan ya tafi wurin lambar sadarwa da kuma fitar da coil. Fitowa na biyu na coil yana hulɗa tare da tsakiyar fitarwa na farawa, inda duk iska guda uku ke haɗuwa. Idan an rufe lambobin sadarwa, to fitilar sarrafawa tana kunne. Lokacin da aka fara ingin konewa na ciki, janareta yana haifar da halin yanzu kuma canjin ƙarfin lantarki na 7V yana bayyana akan iska. A halin yanzu yana gudana ta cikin na'urar relay kuma armature ya fara jan hankali, yayin da lambobin sadarwa ke buɗewa. Generator No. 15 yana wucewa ta hanyar fuse No. 9. Hakazalika, iskar tashin hankali yana karɓar wuta ta hanyar janareta na ƙarfin wutar lantarki.

Tsarin cajin VAZ tare da allura ICEs

Irin wannan makirci yana da kama da makirci akan wasu nau'ikan VAZ. Ya bambanta da waɗanda suka gabata ta hanyar haɓakawa da sarrafawa don sabis na janareta. Ana iya aiwatar da shi ta amfani da fitilar kulawa ta musamman da kuma voltmeter akan kayan aikin. Har ila yau, ta hanyar fitilar caji, tashin hankali na farko na janareta yana faruwa a lokacin fara aiki. A lokacin aiki, janareta yana aiki "ba tare da saninsa ba", wato, tashin hankali yana tafiya kai tsaye daga fitowar ta 30. Lokacin da aka kunna wuta, wutar lantarki ta hanyar fuse No. 10 yana zuwa fitilar caji a cikin kayan aiki. kara ta hanyar hawa toshe shiga 61st fitarwa. Ƙarin diodes guda uku suna ba da wutar lantarki ga mai sarrafa wutar lantarki, wanda kuma ke watsa shi zuwa ga iskar janareta. A wannan yanayin, fitilar sarrafawa za ta haskaka. A daidai lokacin da janareta zai yi aiki a kan faranti na gadar gyara wutar lantarkin zai fi na baturi yawa. A wannan yanayin, fitilar sarrafawa ba za ta ƙone ba, saboda ƙarfin lantarki a gefensa a kan ƙarin diodes zai zama ƙasa da na gefen stator winding kuma diodes za su rufe. Idan yayin aiki na janareta fitilar sarrafawa tana haskakawa zuwa ƙasa, wannan na iya nufin cewa ƙarin diodes sun karye.

Duba aikin janareta

Kuna iya duba aikin janareta ta hanyoyi da yawa ta amfani da wasu hanyoyi, misali: zaku iya duba ƙarfin wutar lantarki na dawowar janareta, raguwar ƙarfin lantarki akan wayar da ke haɗa abin da janareta ke fitarwa a halin yanzu zuwa baturi, ko duba ƙarfin lantarki da aka daidaita.

Don bincika, kuna buƙatar multimeter, baturi na inji da fitila mai wayoyi masu siyar, wayoyi don haɗawa tsakanin janareta da baturi, kuma kuna iya yin rawar jiki tare da kai mai dacewa, saboda kuna iya kunna na'urar ta hanyar juyawa. na goro a kan abin wuya.

Duban farko tare da kwan fitila da multimeter

Tsarin wiring: tashar fitarwa (B+) da rotor (D+). Dole ne a haɗa fitilun tsakanin babban fitowar janareta B + da lambar D +. Bayan haka, muna ɗaukar wayoyi na wutar lantarki kuma mu haɗa da "raguwa" zuwa mummunan tashar baturi da kuma ƙasan janareta, "plus", bi da bi, zuwa ƙari na janareta da kuma fitowar B + na janareta. Muna gyara shi a kan mataimakin kuma mu haɗa shi.

"Mass" dole ne a haɗa shi zuwa na ƙarshe, don kada a gajarta baturi.

Muna kunna mai gwadawa a cikin yanayin wutar lantarki akai-akai (DC), muna haɗa bincike ɗaya zuwa baturin zuwa "plus", na biyu kuma, amma zuwa "rage". kara, idan duk abin da ke cikin tsari na aiki, to, hasken ya kamata ya haskaka, ƙarfin lantarki a cikin wannan yanayin zai zama 12,4V. Sa'an nan kuma mu yi rawar jiki kuma mu fara juya janareta, bi da bi, hasken a wannan lokacin zai daina ƙonewa, kuma ƙarfin lantarki zai riga ya zama 14,9V. Sa'an nan kuma mu ƙara kaya, ɗaukar fitilar halogen H4 kuma mu rataye shi a kan tashar baturi, ya kamata ya haskaka. Sa'an nan, a cikin wannan tsari, mun haɗa rawar jiki kuma ƙarfin lantarki a kan voltmeter zai riga ya nuna 13,9V. A cikin yanayin m, baturi a ƙarƙashin kwan fitila yana ba da 12,2V, kuma lokacin da muka juya rawar jiki, to 13,9V.

Gwajin gwajin janareta

Ba a ba da shawarar sosai ba:

1. Bincika janareta don aiki ta gajeriyar kewayawa, wato, "don walƙiya".
2. Don ba da izini, domin janareta ya yi aiki ba tare da kunna masu amfani ba, kuma ba a so a yi aiki tare da katse batir.
3. Haɗa tasha "30" (a wasu lokuta B+) zuwa ƙasa ko tasha "67" (a wasu lokuta D+).
4. Yi aikin walda a jikin mota tare da wayoyi na janareta da haɗin baturi.