Hinges na saurin kusurwa daidai da mara daidaituwa

Kayan Cardan tare da madaidaicin saurin kusurwa marasa daidaituwa

Ana iya samun irin wannan nau'in watsawa a cikin motoci masu motsi na baya ko duka. Na'urar don irin wannan watsawa ita ce kamar haka: hinges na matakan da ba daidai ba a kusurwa suna samuwa a kan igiyoyin cardan. Akwai abubuwan haɗin kai a ƙarshen watsawa. Idan ya cancanta, ana amfani da haɗin haɗin gwiwa.

Ƙunƙarar ta haɗa nau'i-nau'i na studs, giciye da na'urorin kullewa. Ana shigar da nau'ikan allura a cikin idanun cokali mai yatsu, wanda memba na giciye ke juyawa.

Bearings ba batun gyarawa da gyarawa ba. An cika su da mai a lokacin shigarwa.

Siffar maƙarƙashiyar ita ce tana watsa juzu'i mara daidaituwa. Axle na biyu yana kaiwa lokaci-lokaci kuma yana bayan babban gatari. Don rama wannan gazawar, ana amfani da hinges daban-daban a cikin watsawa. Kishiyar cokali mai yatsu na hinge suna cikin jirgin guda ɗaya.

Dangane da nisa wanda dole ne a watsa jujjuyawar, ana amfani da igiya ɗaya ko biyu a cikin layin tuƙi. Lokacin da adadin axles yayi daidai da biyu, ana kiran ɗayan su matsakaici, na biyu - baya. Don gyara axles, an shigar da tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin, wanda aka haɗe zuwa jikin mota.

Ana haɗa layin watsawa zuwa wasu abubuwa na abin hawa ta amfani da flanges, couplings da sauran abubuwan haɗawa.

Yana da aminci a faɗi cewa hinges na saurin kusurwa marasa daidaituwa suna da ƙarancin dogaro da ɗan gajeren rayuwar sabis. A cikin yanayin zamani, ana amfani da gears cardan tare da haɗin gwiwar CV.

Tsara da kuma tsarin aiki

A cikin ƙarin daki-daki, za mu yi la'akari da zane da ka'idar aiki na CV gidajen abinci ta amfani da misali na mota Vaz-2199.

Wannan motar tuƙi ce ta gaba, don haka haɗin gwiwar CV suna da hannu cikin ƙirar watsawa.

Ana yin abubuwan waje na wannan mota bisa ga nau'in "Beerfield".

A ƙarshen tuƙin tuƙi yana fitowa daga akwatin gear, akwai zobe na ciki tare da tsagi 6.

Matsi na waje yana da tsagi a saman ciki. Hoton da kansa yana haɗe da axle, wanda akansa akwai splines da aka saka a cikin cibiyar dabaran.

kejin ciki yana wucewa zuwa na waje, kuma ana sanya ƙwallan ƙarfe na aiki a cikin ramukan da ke akwai na cages biyu. Don hana ƙwallo daga faɗuwa, an saka su a cikin mai raba.

Wannan haɗin gwiwa na CV yana aiki kamar haka: yayin tuki, kullun yana motsawa koyaushe dangane da jikin motar saboda dakatarwa mai zaman kanta, yayin da kusurwar da ke tsakanin mashin tuƙi da shaft ɗin da aka saka a cikin cibiya yana canzawa koyaushe saboda rashin daidaituwar hanya.

Kwallan, motsi tare da tsagi, suna ba da juzu'i na juyawa lokacin da kusurwa ya canza.

Tsarin " gurneti" na ciki, wanda a cikin wannan abin hawa yana da nau'in GKN, daidai yake da na waje, amma shirin na waje yana da ɗan tsayi, wannan yana tabbatar da canji a cikin tsayin motar motar.

Lokacin tuki ta hanyar kututturewa, kusurwar haɗin gwiwar CV na waje yana canzawa, kuma dabaran kanta ta hau sama. A wannan yanayin, canza kusurwa yana rinjayar tsawon katako na cardan.

A cikin yanayin yin amfani da haɗin gwiwa na GKN CV, tseren ciki, tare da bukukuwa, na iya shiga zurfi cikin tseren waje, ta haka canza tsayin shaft.

Zane na rabuwa splined ball hadin gwiwa ne sosai abin dogara, amma tare da daya caveat. Suna da matukar damuwa ga gurbatar yanayi.

Shigar ƙura da yashi cikin " gurneti" yana haifar da saurin lalacewa na tsagi da ƙwallaye.

Don haka, abubuwan da ke cikin wannan haɗin dole ne a rufe su da anthers.

Lalacewar taya zai haifar da man shafawa na haɗin gwiwa na CV ya fita da yashi ya shiga.

Abu ne mai sauqi qwarai don gano matsala tare da waɗannan abubuwa: lokacin da ƙafafun suka juya gaba ɗaya, kuma shugabanni suka fara motsawa, ana jin maɗaukakin halayen.

Motar Cardan tare da haɗin gwiwa akai-akai

Ana amfani da irin wannan nau'in watsawa sosai a cikin motocin gaba. Tare da taimakonsa, an haɗa nau'i-nau'i da kuma cibiyar motar motar.

Watsawa yana da hinges guda biyu, na ciki da na waje, an haɗa su ta hanyar shaft. Yawancin lokaci ana amfani da haɗin gwiwar CV akan ababen hawa na baya, akan motocin tuƙi. Gaskiyar ita ce, SHRUS sun fi na zamani da kuma amfani, banda haka, matakin surutu ya yi ƙasa da na SHRUS.

Mafi yawan samuwa shine nau'in ƙwallon ƙafar haɗin gwiwa akai-akai. Haɗin gwiwar CV yana watsa jujjuyawar juzu'i daga shaft ɗin tuƙi zuwa mashin tuƙi. Gudun saurin angular na watsa juyi yana dawwama. Ba ya dogara da kusurwar karkata na gatari.

SHRUS, ko kuma kamar yadda aka fi sani da suna " gurneti ", jiki ne mai siffa wanda akwai hoton bidiyo a cikinsa. Kwallan suna juyawa da juna. Suna tafiya tare da tsagi na musamman.

A sakamakon haka, jujjuyawar ta kasance daidai gwargwado daga shingen tuƙi zuwa mashin da aka tuƙi, dangane da canji a kusurwa. Mai rarrabawa yana riƙe da ƙwallo a wuri. "Grenade" yana da kariya daga tasirin yanayin waje "rufin kura" - murfin kariya.

Wani abin da ake buƙata don tsawon rayuwar sabis na haɗin gwiwar CV shine kasancewar lubrication a cikinsu. Kuma kasancewar lubrication, bi da bi, ana tabbatar da shi ta hanyar matsi na hinge.

Na dabam, yana da daraja ambaton amincin CV gidajen abinci. Idan an ji karar fashewar ko karar a cikin "bam din", dole ne a canza shi nan da nan. Yin aiki da abin hawa tare da kuskuren haɗin gwiwar CV yana da haɗari matuƙa. A wasu kalmomi, dabaran na iya fadowa. Dalilin da cewa katako na cardan ya zama mara amfani shine, a mafi yawan lokuta, zaɓi mara kyau na sauri da rashin kyawun hanya.

Manufar watsa shirye-shiryen Cardan da tsari na mafi mahimmancin tsarin watsawa

Nazarin tsarin motoci, mu, abokai, kullum sami asali da kuma ban sha'awa injiniya mafita, wani lokacin sauki ko m, da kuma wani lokacin haka hadaddun cewa shi ne kusan ba zai yiwu ba ga wanda ba ƙwararre iya jimre da su.

A cikin wannan labarin, za mu yi ƙoƙari mu saba da tsarin da ke yin aiki mai mahimmanci - canja wurin juyawa daga akwatin gear zuwa gatari tare da ƙafafun motar. Ana kiran wannan na'urar -, watsawar cardan, manufa da na'urar da za mu gano.

Cardan: me yasa ake bukata?

Don haka, menene matsalolin zasu iya tashi idan muna son canja wurin karfin wuta daga injin zuwa ƙafafun? A kallo na farko, aikin yana da sauƙi, amma bari mu duba a hankali.

Gaskiyar ita ce, sabanin injin da akwatin gear, ƙafafun, tare da dakatarwa, suna da takamaiman hanya, wanda ke nufin cewa ba shi yiwuwa kawai haɗa waɗannan nodes.

Injiniyoyin sun magance wannan matsala ta hanyar watsawa.

Babban abin da ke cikin injin shine abin da ake kira haɗin gwiwa na duniya, wanda shine mafi kyawun aikin injiniya wanda ke ba ku damar jin daɗin tafiya ta mota.

Dole ne a ce ana amfani da cardan a sassa daban-daban na injin. Ainihin, ba shakka, ana iya samun su a cikin watsawa, amma ƙari, wannan nau'in watsawa yana da alaƙa da tsarin tuƙi.

Hinge: babban sirrin cardan

Don haka, ba za mu ɓata lokaci a kan maganganun da ba dole ba kuma mu matsa zuwa ainihin matsalar. Wayar da mota, ko da wane nau'i ne, yana da ma'auni masu yawa, wato:

• madaukai,
• tuki, tuƙi da gadoji na tsaka-tsaki,
• goyon baya,
• abubuwa masu haɗawa da haɗin kai.

Bambance-bambance tsakanin waɗannan hanyoyin, a matsayin mai mulkin, an ƙaddara ta nau'in haɗin gwiwar duniya. Akwai irin waɗannan zaɓuɓɓukan kisa:

• tare da madaidaicin saurin kusurwa marasa daidaituwa,
• tare da haɗin haɗin gwiwa akai-akai,
• tare da semi-cardan roba haɗin gwiwa.

Lokacin da masu ababen hawa ke furta kalmar "cardan", yawanci suna nufin zaɓi na farko. An fi samun tsarin haɗin gwiwar CV akan tuƙi na baya ko duk abin hawa.

Ayyukan irin wannan nau'in watsawa na cardan yana da fasali, wanda kuma shine rashin amfaninsa. Gaskiyar ita ce, saboda cikakkun bayanan ƙira na hinge, watsawa mai santsi na jujjuyawar ba zai yiwu ba, amma ya bayyana cewa ana yin hakan ne kawai ta hanyar cyclically: a cikin juyin juya hali guda ɗaya, shingen tuƙi yana baya sau biyu kuma sau biyu a gaban tuƙi.

Ana biya wannan nuance ta hanyar gabatar da wani na hinge iri ɗaya. Na'urar tuƙi na wannan nau'in yana da sauƙi, kamar duk abin da ke da hankali: an haɗa axles ta cokali biyu waɗanda ke a kusurwar digiri 90 kuma an ɗaure su da giciye.

Ƙarin ci gaba shine zaɓuɓɓuka tare da haɗin gwiwar CV na daidaitattun sauri na angular, wanda, ta hanyar, sau da yawa ana kiran su CV haɗin gwiwa; Tabbas kun ji wannan sunan.

Watsawar Cardan, manufar da na'urar da muke la'akari a cikin wannan yanayin, yana da nasa nuances. Ko da yake ƙirar sa ya fi rikitarwa, wannan ya fi dacewa da yawan fa'idodi. Don haka, alal misali, gatari na irin wannan dakatarwa koyaushe suna jujjuya iri ɗaya kuma suna iya samar da kusurwar har zuwa digiri 35. Rashin lahani na na'urar na iya, watakila, sun haɗa da tsarin taro mai rikitarwa.

Dole ne a rufe haɗin gwiwa ta CV koyaushe, saboda akwai mai na musamman a ciki. Depressurization yana haifar da zubar wannan mai mai, kuma a cikin wannan yanayin, hinge ɗin ya zama mara amfani da sauri kuma ya karye. Koyaya, haɗin gwiwar CV, tare da kulawa mai kyau da kulawa, sun fi ɗorewa fiye da takwarorinsu. Kuna iya samun haɗin gwiwar CV a kan titin gaba-gaba da kuma motocin tuƙi.

Na'urar da kuma aiki na cardan drive tare da wani na roba semi-cardan ma yana da nasa halaye, wanda, a hanya, ba ya ƙyale a yi amfani da shi a cikin zamani mota kayayyaki.

Canja wurin jujjuyawa tsakanin ramukan biyu a cikin wannan yanayin yana faruwa ne saboda nakasar nau'in na roba, kamar ƙirar ƙira ta musamman. Ana ɗaukar wannan zaɓin ba abin dogaro ba ne don haka a halin yanzu ba a amfani da shi a cikin masana'antar kera motoci.

To, abokai, manufa da zane na watsawa, da kuma nau'ikan da muka bayyana a cikin wannan labarin, sun zama hanya mai sauƙi mai sauƙi wanda ke kawo fa'ida mai yawa.

M hinge

Ƙaƙƙarfan haɗin gwiwa suna wakilta ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa na rabin-zuciya na roba. Wannan wata hanya ce da ake samun karfin jujjuyawar tuki zuwa mashigin da ke da wani kusurwa na daban, saboda nakasar hanyar da ta hada su. Ana yin haɗin haɗin roba na roba tare da yiwuwar ƙarfafawa.

Misalin irin wannan nau'in roba shine haɗin Gibo. Yana kama da sinadari hexagonal, wanda a kan shi ne abin rufe fuska na ƙarfe. An riga an danne hannun riga. Wannan ƙira yana da alaƙa da damping mai kyau na girgizawar torsional gami da girgiza tsarin. Yana ba da damar rarrabuwar sanduna tare da kusurwar banbance-banbance har zuwa digiri 8 da motsin sanda har zuwa mm 12 a dukkan kwatance. Babban aikin irin wannan tsarin shine ramawa ga kuskure yayin shigarwa.

Rashin hasara na taron sun haɗa da ƙara yawan amo yayin aiki, matsalolin masana'antu da ƙarancin sabis.

Haɗa ƙididdigewa (mai ba da labari) na mahimmancin gudun mashin katako

Annex A (mai ba da labari)

Don katako na cardan tare da bututun ƙarfe, saurin n, min, ana ƙididdige shi ta dabara

(A.1)

inda D shine diamita na waje na bututu, cm, d shine diamita na ciki na bututu, cm;

L - matsakaicin nisa tsakanin gatari na katako na katako na cardan, cm;

inda n shine mitar jujjuyawar igiyar cardan a cikin kaya (mitar yanayi na jujjuyawar juzu'i na shaft bisa ga sigar farko), daidai da matsakaicin saurin abin hawa, min.

1 Wannan lissafin baya la'akari da elasticity na goyon bayan.

2 Don gear cardan tare da matsakaicin tallafi, ana ɗaukar ƙimar L daidai da nisa daga madaidaicin hinge zuwa gaɓar ɗaukar madaidaicin tallafi. Mahimman gudun hijira na shaft, wanda aka yi a cikin nau'i na matsawa tsakanin sassan cardan, an ƙididdige shi a d daidai da sifili. An ƙididdige mahimmancin saurin igiyar katako, wanda ya ƙunshi bututu da sanda, bisa ga ƙimar da aka ba da tsayin bututun L cm, ƙididdige ta hanyar dabara.

, (A.2) inda L shine tsayin bututun shaft, cm; l shine tsayin bututu wanda ke maye gurbin hanyar haɗin gwiwa, cm. d shine diamita na sandar shaft na cardan, cm Mahimmancin mita na juyawa na katako na katako, la'akari da elasticity na goyon bayansa a cikin watsawa, an saita shi ta hanyar gwaji ta mai haɓaka abin hawa. Mitar juyawa na cardan a cikin watsawa, daidai da matsakaicin yuwuwar saurin abin hawa, bai kamata ya wuce 3% na mitar mai mahimmanci ba, la'akari da elasticity na tallafi.

Rashin aiki akai-akai da kawar da su

Ana iya raba duk gazawar bisa ga alamun gazawar da ke fitowa:

1. Vibration a lokacin motsi - ƙullun giciye ko hannayen riga sun ƙare, ma'auni na shaft yana damuwa;
2. Knocks a farawa: ramuka na splines sun ƙare, an sassauta ƙugiya;
3. Yayyo mai daga bearings - hatimi sun ƙare.

Don kawar da matsalolin da ke sama, ana rarraba "cardans" kuma an maye gurbin sassan da suka kasa. Idan akwai rashin daidaituwa, dole ne a daidaita ma'auni.

Abũbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani na SHRUS

Daga cikin fa'idodin bayyane na haɗin gwiwa na CV shine gaskiyar cewa yayin watsawa tare da taimakon wannan hinge kusan babu asarar wutar lantarki idan aka kwatanta da sauran hanyoyin makamantansu, sauran fa'idodin sune ƙarancin nauyi, amincin dangi da sauƙin sauyawa a cikin yanayin yanayi. rushewa.

Abubuwan da ke tattare da haɗin gwiwar CV sun haɗa da kasancewar anther a cikin ƙirar, wanda kuma akwati ne don shafawa. Ƙungiyar CV ɗin tana cikin wurin da ba zai yuwu ba don guje wa hulɗa da abubuwa na waje. Gangar na iya karye, alal misali, lokacin tuƙi tare da ɓarna mai zurfi, lokacin buga cikas, da dai sauransu. A matsayinka na mai mulki, mai motar yana gano wannan kawai lokacin da datti ya riga ya shiga cikin taya ta hanyar fashewa a cikin taya, yana haifar da lalacewa. lalacewa mai tsanani. Idan kun tabbata cewa wannan ya faru kwanan nan, za ku iya cire haɗin gwiwa na CV, zubar da shi, maye gurbin taya kuma cika da sabon man shafawa. Idan matsalar ta taso da dadewa, to lallai haɗin gwiwa na CV zai gaza gaba da lokaci.

Nau'o'in haɗin haɗin gwiwa akai-akai

Zaɓuɓɓukan ƙira don haɗin ƙwallon ƙwallon, ko da yake sun fi kowa a cikin masana'antar motar fasinja, ba kawai masu yiwuwa ba ne.

Ƙwallon ƙafa

Aikace-aikacen da ya dace don motocin fasinja da motocin kasuwanci masu haske an samo su ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar CV na tripod, wanda a cikinsa ana yin rawar ƙwallo ta hanyar jujjuyawar rollers tare da saman aiki mai siffar zobe.

SHRUS sau uku

Ga manyan motoci, madaukai na cam (rusk) nau'in "tract", wanda ya ƙunshi studs biyu da faifai masu siffa biyu, sun zama tartsatsi. Forks a cikin irin waɗannan ƙira suna da girma sosai kuma suna iya jure nauyi masu nauyi (wanda ke bayyana yankin amfani da su).

Cam (biscuit) SHRUS

Wajibi ne a ambaci wani nau'in haɗin gwiwa na CV - dual cardan gidajen abinci. A cikinsu, rashin daidaituwar watsawar saurin kusurwa na gimbal na farko yana rama ta gimbal na biyu.

Haɗin gwiwa na duniya guda biyu na saurin kusurwa daidai

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, kusurwar da ke tsakanin gatura na gatura biyu a cikin wannan yanayin bai kamata ya wuce 20⁰ (in ba haka ba ƙarar lodi da rawar jiki ya bayyana), wanda ke iyakance iyakokin irin wannan ƙirar galibi don kayan aikin hanya.

Ciki da waje CV haɗin gwiwa

Bugu da ƙari, bambance-bambance a cikin ƙira, CV ɗin haɗin gwiwa yana rarraba, dangane da wurin da aka shigar da su, zuwa waje da ciki.

Haɗin gwiwar CV na ciki yana haɗa akwatin gear zuwa mashin axle, kuma haɗin gwiwa na CV na waje yana haɗa shingen axle zuwa cibiyar dabaran. Tare da katako na cardan, waɗannan haɗin gwiwa biyu sun haɗa da watsa abin hawa.

Mafi yawan nau'in haɗin gwiwa na waje shine haɗin ƙwallon ƙwallon. Ƙungiyar CV ta ciki ba kawai tana ba da babban kusurwa tsakanin axles ba, amma kuma yana ramawa don motsi na katako na cardan lokacin da yake motsawa dangane da dakatarwa. Sabili da haka, ana amfani da taron tripod sau da yawa azaman haɗin ciki a cikin motocin fasinja.

Wani yanayin da ake buƙata don aiki na al'ada na haɗin gwiwar CV shine lubrication na sassan motsi na hinge. Ƙunƙarar wurin aiki a cikin abin da mai mai ya kasance yana tabbatar da anthers waɗanda ke hana ɓarna daga shiga wuraren aiki. Ganin girman nauyin sassa, kawai nau'ikan lubricants da aka tsara musamman don irin waɗannan raka'a ana amfani da su.

Hinge: babban sirrin cardan

A bayyane yake cewa watsa cardan, manufa da na'urar da muke la'akari da ita a yau, yanki ne mai mahimmanci.

Don haka, ba za mu ɓata lokaci a kan maganganun da ba dole ba kuma mu matsa zuwa ainihin matsalar. Wayar da mota, ko da wane nau'i ne, yana da ma'auni masu yawa, wato:

• madaukai;
• tuki, kore da tsaka-tsaki;
• goyon baya;
• abubuwa masu haɗawa da haɗin kai.

Bambance-bambance tsakanin waɗannan hanyoyin, a matsayin mai mulkin, an ƙaddara ta nau'in haɗin gwiwar duniya. Akwai irin waɗannan zaɓuɓɓukan kisa:

• tare da madaidaicin saurin angular mara daidaituwa;
• tare da hinge na daidaitaccen saurin kusurwa;
• tare da semi-cardan roba haɗin gwiwa.

Lokacin da masu ababen hawa ke furta kalmar "cardan", yawanci suna nufin zaɓi na farko. An fi samun tsarin haɗin gwiwar CV akan tuƙi na baya ko duk abin hawa.

Ayyukan irin wannan nau'in watsawa na cardan yana da fasali, wanda kuma shine rashin amfaninsa. Gaskiyar ita ce, saboda cikakkun bayanan ƙira na hinge, watsawa mai santsi na jujjuyawar ba zai yiwu ba, amma ya bayyana cewa ana yin hakan ne kawai ta hanyar cyclically: a cikin juyin juya hali guda ɗaya, shingen tuƙi yana baya sau biyu kuma sau biyu a gaban tuƙi.

Ana biya wannan nuance ta hanyar gabatar da wani na hinge iri ɗaya. Na'urar tuƙi na wannan nau'in yana da sauƙi, kamar duk abin da ke da hankali: an haɗa axles ta cokali biyu waɗanda ke a kusurwar digiri 90 kuma an ɗaure su da giciye.

Ƙarin ci gaba shine zaɓuɓɓuka tare da haɗin gwiwar CV na daidaitattun sauri na angular, wanda, ta hanyar, sau da yawa ana kiran su CV haɗin gwiwa; Tabbas kun ji wannan sunan.

Watsawar Cardan, manufar da na'urar da muke la'akari a cikin wannan yanayin, yana da nasa nuances. Ko da yake ƙirar sa ya fi rikitarwa, wannan ya fi dacewa da yawan fa'idodi. Don haka, alal misali, gatari na irin wannan dakatarwa koyaushe suna jujjuya iri ɗaya kuma suna iya samar da kusurwar har zuwa digiri 35. Rashin lahani na na'urar na iya, watakila, sun haɗa da tsarin taro mai rikitarwa.

Dole ne a rufe haɗin gwiwa ta CV koyaushe, saboda akwai mai na musamman a ciki. Depressurization yana haifar da zubar wannan mai mai, kuma a cikin wannan yanayin, hinge ɗin ya zama mara amfani da sauri kuma ya karye. Koyaya, haɗin gwiwar CV, tare da kulawa mai kyau da kulawa, sun fi ɗorewa fiye da takwarorinsu. Kuna iya samun haɗin gwiwar CV a kan titin gaba-gaba da kuma motocin tuƙi.

Na'urar da kuma aiki na cardan drive tare da wani na roba semi-cardan ma yana da nasa halaye, wanda, a hanya, ba ya ƙyale a yi amfani da shi a cikin zamani mota kayayyaki.

Canja wurin jujjuyawa tsakanin ramukan biyu a cikin wannan yanayin yana faruwa ne saboda nakasar nau'in na roba, kamar ƙirar ƙira ta musamman. Ana ɗaukar wannan zaɓin ba abin dogaro ba ne don haka a halin yanzu ba a amfani da shi a cikin masana'antar kera motoci.

To, abokai, manufa da zane na watsawa, da kuma nau'ikan da muka bayyana a cikin wannan labarin, sun zama hanya mai sauƙi mai sauƙi wanda ke kawo fa'ida mai yawa.

A cikin rubutu na gaba, za mu yi magana game da wani abu daidai da amfani. Wanne daga ciki? Biyan kuɗi zuwa wasiƙar kuma tabbatar da ganowa!

Cardan watsa tare da Semi-cardan roba hadin gwiwa

Haɗin haɗin gwiwa na semi-cardan na roba yana sauƙaƙe watsa juzu'i tsakanin ramukan da ke a ɗan kusurwa. Wannan shi ne saboda lalacewar haɗin gwiwa.

Misali shine haɗin haɗin Guibo. Wannan sinadari na roba ne wanda aka matse hexagonal. An makala flanges na tuƙi da ƙugiya masu tuƙi zuwa gare ta kuma ana watsa juzu'i.

Rahoton hoto game da rushewa da shigarwa na haɗin gwiwar CV akan VAZ 2110-2112

Da farko dai, lokacin da motar ta kasance a ƙasa, ya zama dole a cire hular kariya daga nut ɗin kuma a cire shi. Sannan, ta yin amfani da lefa mai ƙarfi da kai 32, cire goro, amma ba gaba ɗaya ba:

Bayan haka, muna kwance dukkan kusoshi a kan dabaran kuma mu cire shi, tun da farko mun ɗaga gaban motar tare da jack. Bayan haka, a ƙarshe, cire nut ɗin kuma cire mai wanki.

Sa'an nan kuma mu kwance sukurori biyu masu riƙe da haɗin ƙwallon daga ƙasa:

Bayan haka, zaku iya karkatar da ƙwanƙarar tuƙi zuwa gefe kuma ku cire ƙarshen haɗin gwiwa na CV daga cibiya:

Idan ya zama dole don maye gurbin haɗin gwiwa na CV na waje, ana iya riga an buga shi daga ramin tare da guduma, amma wannan dole ne a yi a hankali don kada ya lalata wani abu. Kuma mafi kyawun zaɓi, ba shakka, shine cikakken cire naúrar

Don yin wannan, ta amfani da sashi, kuna buƙatar cire haɗin haɗin CV na ciki kuma cire haɗin shi daga akwatin gear:

A sakamakon haka, yana yiwuwa a cire gaba ɗaya CV haɗin gwiwa daga akwatin gear VAZ 2110 kuma cire taron watsawa zuwa waje. Sa'an nan, ta yin amfani da mataimakin da guduma, za mu cire duk dole CV gidajen abinci, na ciki da waje.

Tabbatar kula da yanayin anthers. Idan sun lalace, dole ne a maye gurbinsu da sababbi.

Ana aiwatar da shigarwa a cikin tsari na baya kuma a cikin bidiyon da aka gabatar a farkon labarin, duk abin da yake bayyane. Hakanan yana da daraja ambaton farashin sabbin sassa. Don haka, farashin haɗin gwiwa na CV na waje akan VAZ 2110 na iya zama daga 900 zuwa 1500 rubles. Ga mai horarwa, za ku biya daga 1200 zuwa 2000 rubles.

A cikin 80s na karni na karshe, wani muhimmin mataki ya fara a cikin yawan samar da motocin fasinja - sauyawa daga zane-zane na gargajiya tare da katako na cardan da kuma axle na baya zuwa motar motar gaba. Motar gaba tare da MacPherson struts ya tabbatar da zama tsari mai sauƙi kuma abin dogaro tare da fa'idodi da yawa:

• haɓaka haɓakawa da iyawar ketare saboda nauyin gaban motar;
• kwanciyar hankali na na'ura, musamman a kan filaye masu santsi;
• karuwa a cikin wurin da ake amfani da shi na ɗakin gida saboda ƙananan ma'auni na sashin injin da rashin katako na cardan;
• rage nauyin abin hawa saboda rashi akwatin gear da abubuwa masu motsi na baya;
• haɓaka amincin tsarin da haɓaka girman gangar jikin saboda shigar da tankin mai a ƙarƙashin kujerar baya.

Duk da haka, don canja wurin juyawa zuwa ƙafafun tuƙi, an gabatar da wasu sassa masu rauni da majalisai a cikin ƙira. Babban abin da aka ɗora lodin kayan watsawa akan motocin gaba-faɗakarwa sune haɗin kai akai-akai (CV haɗin gwiwa).

Babban rashin aiki, alamun su

Hanya mafi ɗorewa a cikin ƙirar ita ce axle kanta. An jefar da shi daga gawa mai ɗorewa wanda zai iya jure matsanancin nauyi. Don haka, za ku yi ƙoƙari sosai don lalata shi. A matsayinka na mai mulki, waɗannan lalacewar inji ne a cikin haɗari.

Gabaɗaya, manyan kurakuran za a iya raba su zuwa nau'i da yawa:

1. Jijjiga: Lokacin farawa ko tuƙi, jijjiga mai ƙarfi ko rauni na iya faruwa. Wannan ita ce alamar farko ta lalacewa ga igiyoyin gizo-gizo. Har ila yau, matsalar na iya nuna rashin daidaituwa na shaft, wannan yana faruwa bayan lalacewar injiniya.
2. Knock - Siffar ƙwanƙwasa lokacin motsawa daga wuri ɗaya yana nufin cewa ƙullun hawa ko splines sun ƙare. A wannan yanayin, yana da kyau a tuntuɓi tashar sabis nan da nan don bincika amincin haɗin.
3. Leak ɗin mai: Za ka iya samun ƙananan digo na mai a wuraren da ake samun ɗakuna da hatimi.
4. Squeaks - na iya bayyana a lokacin da kake danna fedalin totur. A mafi yawan lokuta, squeaks na iya haɗawa da gazawar hinge. Tare da bayyanar lalata, giciye za su iya makale kuma su lalata bearings.
5. Rashin aiki na motsi mai motsi - zaku iya tantance matsalar ta hanyar sifofin creak a cikin yanki na motsi na shaft. Yayin aiki na al'ada, tsarin bai kamata ya yi sauti ba, duk motsi yana da santsi. Idan an ji tsagewa, mai yuwuwa mai ɗaukar nauyi ba shi da tsari. Ana magance matsalar kawai ta cikakken maye gurbin ɓangaren da ba daidai ba.

A lokuta da ba kasafai ba inda lalacewar inji ga babban igiya ta faru, jigon jigon da ba daidai ba zai iya haifar da girgiza mai tsanani. Wasu masu sana'a suna ba da shawarar da hannu don gyara lissafi na bututu, amma wannan shine yanke shawara mara kyau, wanda zai iya haifar da saurin lalacewa na dukan tsarin. Mafi kyawun bayani shine gaba ɗaya maye gurbin abubuwan da suka lalace.

SHRUS crunches - yadda za a ƙayyade wanda, da abin da za a yi?

Sannu ya ku masu motoci! Mai sha'awar mota ana iya ɗaukarsa a matsayin mutum na gaske ne kawai idan ya damu da yanayin motar da majalissar ta, kuma duk wani sabon ƙwanƙwasa, ƙwanƙwasa da sauran alamun lalacewar mota yana addabar shi.

Tuƙi mota za a iya kira da dadi idan duk abubuwa suna cikin tsari mai kyau.

Koyaya, kowane sashi, musamman yana aiki ƙarƙashin kaya kuma tare da gogayya kamar haɗin gwiwa na CV, yana da rayuwar aikinsa.

Ba da daɗewa ba, kayan ya ƙare, ya rasa kaddarorinsa, wanda ke haifar da gazawar sashin. Wannan manufa ce. Kuma "alama" na gabatowar rugujewar sashin kanta dole ne a dauki da gaske. Zai fi kyau kada ku jira motar ta tsaya a kan dogon tafiya, amma don fara matsala da matsala nan da nan.

Masu motocin tuƙin gaba sun saba da irin wannan mummunan al'amari kamar kururuwar CV ɗin haɗin gwiwa. Idan akai la'akari da cewa gaban dakatar da mota, ban da ta main ayyuka, dole ne kuma tabbatar da watsa juyi daga daban-daban gears zuwa drive ƙafafun, sanye take da musamman na'urorin - CV gidajen abinci, wanda a takaice sauti kamar "CV gidajen abinci" .

Wannan daki-daki yana da mahimmanci kuma mai rikitarwa a cikin ƙira, don haka yana da tsada kuma yana buƙatar ƙarin hankali. Idan CV hadin gwiwa creaks, sa'an nan ba tare da jinkiri ba ya wajaba a gyara mota da canza shi.

Me yasa SHRUS ke rugujewa?

Kwararrun direbobi na iya tantance wurin da motar ta lalace ta kunne. Ana samun irin waɗannan ƙwarewar akan lokaci, amma gajarta ta GC ba za ta taɓa ruɗe ba.

Don fahimtar yanayin wannan hayaniyar halayyar, dole ne mu tuna yadda haɗin gwiwar CV ke aiki. Ayyukan haɗin gwiwar CV shine don canja wurin juyawa daga wannan axle zuwa wani, bisa ga ci gaba da canji a kusurwar da ke tsakanin su.

Wannan dukiya ta kasance saboda buƙatar ba kawai don kunna motar motsa jiki ba, amma har ma don ba shi ikon juyawa da motsawa sama da ƙasa a kan bazara.

Haɗin gwiwar CV ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu zuwa:

• jikin waje yana da nau'in kwano mai siffa guda shida a ciki da madaidaicin axis a waje;
• keji na ciki a cikin nau'i na nau'i mai nau'i mai siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar .
• akwai kwallaye 6 tsakanin ganuwar ciki na akwati da keji a cikin mai raba.

Dukkan abubuwa an yi su da daidaitattun abubuwa waɗanda ba su da koma baya yayin taro. Hoton ta hanyar bukukuwa yana canja wurin karfi zuwa jiki kuma yana juya shi, kuma motsi na kwallaye tare da tsagi yana ba ka damar canza kusurwa tsakanin ƙananan gatari.

Bayan lokaci, an kafa aiki a wurin tuntuɓar ƙwallon ƙwallon tare da wasu abubuwa, amsawar ta bayyana. Motsi na ƙwallo (mirgina) kyauta yana haifar da sauti mai kama da crunching.

Idan akai la'akari da cewa an shigar da haɗin gwiwar CV guda biyu akan kowace dabaran, lokacin da alamu masu ban tsoro suka bayyana, yana da wahala a fahimci abin da CV ɗin haɗin gwiwa ya yi: ciki ko waje, dama ko hagu.

Nau'in haɗin gwiwa

Akwai nau'ikan madaukai da yawa. Ana iya aiwatar da rarrabuwar wannan nau'in injin bisa ga adadin abubuwan haɗin ginin:

• Sauƙi. Haɗa abubuwa ɗaya ko biyu.
• Mai wuya. Haɗa abubuwa uku ko fiye.

Bugu da ƙari, hinges na iya zama mai motsi da gyarawa:

• An gyara An gyara wurin haɗin kai. Sanda yana jujjuya axis.
• Wayar hannu. Duka gatari da abin da aka makala suna juyawa.

Amma babban rarrabuwar waɗannan abubuwan injina ya ta'allaka ne ta hanyoyin da abubuwan tsarin ke motsawa. Wannan rarrabuwa ya raba su zuwa hinges:

• Silindrical. Motsin abubuwa biyu yana faruwa ne dangane da axis gama gari.
• Ball. Motsi yana faruwa a kusa da wuri guda.
• Cardan. Irin wannan hadadden tsari ya ƙunshi abubuwa da yawa. Ana sanya madaukai da yawa akan giciye na kowa. Waɗanda, bi da bi, suna da alaƙa da wasu abubuwan na'urar.
• SHRUS. Wani hadadden tsari wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga watsawar motsi kuma yana yin motsi na juyawa.
• Dade. Yawancin lokaci ana amfani da su a cikin hanyoyin zamani. Yana da zane na hemispherical. Abubuwan hinge suna samuwa a kusurwoyi daban-daban. Watsawa na jujjuyawar yana faruwa ne saboda lalacewar hanyar haɗin gwiwa. Don yin wannan, an yi shi da roba mai ɗorewa. Wani abu tare da kaddarorin masu shayarwa yana ba ku damar yin aiki tare da irin wannan ƙirar cikakke.

Duba yanayin sharar iska

Wajibi ne a duba cardan a cikin wadannan lokuta:

• ƙarin amo yana bayyana yayin overclocking;
• akwai yoyon mai a kusa da shingen binciken;
• ƙwanƙwasa sauti lokacin da ake canza kayan aiki
• da sauri ana watsa ƙarin girgiza zuwa aikin jiki.

Dole ne a gudanar da bincike ta hanyar ɗaga mota a kan ɗagawa ko amfani da jacks (don bayani kan yadda za a zaɓi gyare-gyaren da ake so, duba labarin daban). Yana da mahimmanci cewa ƙafafun tuƙi suna da 'yanci don juyawa.

Anan akwai nodes don dubawa.

• Gyarawa. Dole ne a ƙarfafa haɗin kai tsakanin goyon baya na tsakiya da flange tare da dunƙule tare da mai wankin kulle. In ba haka ba, goro zai saki, yana haifar da yawan wasa da girgiza.
• Haɗin kai na roba. Sau da yawa yana kasawa, yayin da ɓangaren roba yana ramawa ga axial, radial da maɓalli na sassan da za a haɗa. Kuna iya duba rashin aiki ta hanyar juya tsakiya a hankali (a cikin hanyar juyawa da akasin haka). Bangaren roba na mahaɗin ba dole ba ne a karye, ba dole ba ne a yi wasa a wurin da aka makala bolts.
• cokali mai yatsu mai tsayi Motsi na gefe a cikin wannan taron yana faruwa saboda lalacewa ta dabi'a ta haɗin spline. Idan kuna ƙoƙarin kunna shinge da haɗin kai a cikin kishiyar shugabanci, kuma akwai ɗan wasa kaɗan tsakanin cokali mai yatsa da shinge, to ya kamata a maye gurbin wannan taron.
• Ana aiwatar da irin wannan hanya tare da madaukai. Ana saka babban screwdriver tsakanin fitattun cokula masu yatsu. Yana taka rawar lever da suke ƙoƙarin juya axis zuwa wata hanya ko wata. Idan an lura da wasa yayin lilo, ya kamata a maye gurbin gizo-gizo.
• Matsayin dakatarwa. Ana iya duba aikin sa ta hanyar riƙe sandar a gaba da hannu ɗaya da baya tare da ɗayan kuma girgiza shi ta hanyoyi daban-daban. A wannan yanayin, dole ne a daidaita goyon bayan matsakaici. Idan wasan ya kasance sananne a cikin ɗaukar hoto, to ana magance matsalar ta maye gurbinsa.
• Ma'auni. An yi idan binciken bai bayyana wani lahani ba. Ana yin wannan hanya a kan tsayawa ta musamman.

Abubuwan da ake bukata don haɓaka tsarin watsawa na cardan

Shahararren SHNUS yana da wasu lahani na fasaha. Saurin jujjuya gatarinsa yana canzawa a cikin tsarin motsi. A wannan yanayin, tuƙi mai tuƙi na iya haɓakawa da raguwa daidai da saurin tuƙi. Wannan yana haifar da saurin lalacewa na injin, kuma yana haifar da ƙarin kaya akan gatari na baya. Bugu da ƙari, aiki na hinge yana tare da rawar jiki. Manufar tuƙi na iya yin ta hanyar gada sanye take da haɗin gwiwar CV (gaba da baya). An riga an yi amfani da irin wannan tsarin a wasu SUVs a yau. Har ila yau, CV hadin gwiwa za a iya sanye take da wani cardan mota Vaz-2107 da sauran "classic". Akwai kayan gyara don siyarwa.

Yin amfani da haɗin gwiwar CV yana ba ku damar kawar da gazawar da ke cikin giciye na gargajiya. An daidaita saurin jujjuyawar shaft, girgizar ta ɓace, CV ɗin baya buƙatar daidaitawa bayan gyarawa, kusurwar jujjuyawar juyi tana ƙaruwa zuwa 17.

A ina ake amfani da swivel?

Iyakar irin waɗannan sifofin ya dogara da nau'in su. A aikace, yin amfani da ɗaya ko wani hinge ya dogara da matakin 'yanci (yawan sigogi masu zaman kansu). Tsarin nau'in hadaddun yana da irin waɗannan sigogi uku don juyawa da uku don motsi. Mafi girman ƙimar wannan hinge, ƙarin zaɓuɓɓukan da kuke da amfani.

Sauƙaƙan hinges cylindrical suna da yawa a cikin rayuwar yau da kullun. Irin wannan nau'in haɗin kayan gini yana cikin almakashi, pliers, mixers, da sauran ƙofofin da aka ambata a sama suma suna da wannan sinadari a ƙirarsu.

Ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon yana da kyau a cikin masana'antar kera motoci da sauran wuraren da ya wajaba don canja wurin wutar lantarki daga igiya ɗaya zuwa sassa daban-daban na kayan aiki.

Shafts Cardan suna da iyaka iri ɗaya kamar ƙirar da ta gabata. Ana amfani da su lokacin da ya zama dole don canja wurin ƙarfi tsakanin abubuwan da ke samar da kusurwa tare da juna.

Hadin gwiwar CV wani sashe ne na ababan hawa na gaba.

Man shafawa da ake amfani da su don haɗin gwiwa

• tushen lithium. Dogaro mai kauri mai kauri tare da halayen riƙewa. Rage nauyi akan haɗin nodal har sau goma. Yana kawar da ƙura kuma yana dacewa da kusan dukkanin kayan takalmin guduro. Babban abin da ya rage shi ne cewa suna da ƙarancin kariyar lalata kuma za su kai hari kan wasu robobi.
• Dangane da molybdenum disulfide. Man shafawa tare da tsawon sabis na tsawon kilomita dubu ɗari. Kyakkyawan lubricating da anti-lalata Properties. Ba ya lalata filastik. Lalacewar ita ce idan danshi ya shiga mai mai ya rasa kaddarorinsa.
• Barium tushen. Kyakkyawan man shafawa tare da fa'idodin lithium molybdenum disulphide. Ba su kuma jin tsoron danshi. Rashin hasara shine lalacewa a ƙananan yanayin zafi da farashi mai girma.

Karin bayani b (bayani) lissafin rashin daidaituwar shaft cardan

Shafi B (bayyani)

Kuma mafi ban sha'awa: hoto fasali na tarihin mota UAZ-469

B.1 Rashin daidaituwa na katako na cardan ya dogara da yawansa, wasan kwaikwayo na hinges da tsarin canza tsayi.

B.2 Rashin daidaituwa D, g cm, a cikin ɓangaren giciye na tallafin watsawa ana ƙididdige su ta hanyar ƙididdiga: - don shaft ba tare da wata hanyar canza tsayi ba.

(P.1)

- don shaft tare da tsari don canza tsayi

(B.2) inda m shine taro na katako na cardan ta goyan baya, g; e shine jimlar ƙaura na ma'auni na shaft, saboda ƙaddamarwa axial a cikin hinge tsakanin iyakar gicciye da kasan raƙuman raƙuman ruwa da raƙuman radiyo a cikin haɗin kai-crosshead, cm; e shine sauyawa na axis na axis saboda raguwa a cikin hanyar canza tsayi, cm. An ƙayyade taro m ta yin la'akari da ma'auni da aka sanya a ƙarƙashin kowane goyon baya na axis a kwance. An ƙididdige jimlar ƙaura na e-axis, cm, ta hanyar dabara (B.3)

inda H shine madaidaicin axial a cikin hinge tsakanin iyakar giciye da kasa na bearings, cm;

D shine diamita na ciki na ɗaukar hoto tare da allura, cm; D shine diamita na wuyan mai jujjuyawa, cm. Axis diyya e, cm, don haɗin gwiwa mai motsi mai motsi wanda ke tsakiya akan diamita na waje ko ciki, e ana ƙididdige shi ta dabara.

(B.4) inda D shine diamita na ramin ramin hannun riga, cm; D shine diamita na shingen splined, duba bayanin kula: don katako na katako ba tare da tsarin canjin tsayi ba, e = 0. Ana ƙididdige ƙarami ko matsakaicin rashin daidaituwa D tare da la'akari da filin jurewar abubuwan haɗaɗɗun shaft na cardan.

Cardan: me yasa ake bukata?

Don haka, menene matsalolin zasu iya tashi idan muna son canja wurin karfin wuta daga injin zuwa ƙafafun? A kallo na farko, aikin yana da sauƙi, amma bari mu duba a hankali. Gaskiyar ita ce, sabanin injin da akwatin gear, ƙafafun, tare da dakatarwa, suna da takamaiman hanya, wanda ke nufin cewa ba shi yiwuwa kawai haɗa waɗannan nodes. Injiniyoyin sun magance wannan matsala ta hanyar watsawa.

Yana ba ka damar canja wurin juyawa daga wannan kumburi zuwa wani, wanda yake a kusurwoyi daban-daban, da kuma daidaita duk sauye-sauyen juna ba tare da lalata ikon da aka watsa ba. Wannan shi ne manufar canja wuri.

Babban abin da ke cikin injin shine abin da ake kira haɗin gwiwa na duniya, wanda shine mafi kyawun aikin injiniya wanda ke ba ku damar jin daɗin tafiya ta mota.

Dole ne a ce ana amfani da cardan a sassa daban-daban na injin. Ainihin, ba shakka, ana iya samun su a cikin watsawa, amma ƙari, wannan nau'in watsawa yana da alaƙa da tsarin tuƙi.