Sabuntawa da gyaran injectors dizal. Mafi kyawun tsarin allura
Abubuwa
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan sharuɗɗa don daidaitaccen aikin injin diesel shine tsarin allura mai inganci. Tare da ƙwararren makaniki, mun bayyana mafi ƙanƙanta kuma mafi ƙarancin tsarin alluran da ba za a iya dogaro da shi ba.
Injin ya fi ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin allurar mai. A cikin injunan diesel, ana allurar man dizal a cikin ɗakin konewar da matsi sosai. Don haka, tsarin allura, watau famfo da allura, wani muhimmin bangaren wadannan injuna ne.
Daban-daban tsarin allurar mai akan injin dizal
Tsarin allura a cikin rukunin dizal sun sami juyin juya halin fasaha a cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata. Godiya a gare shi, an daina ganin ficewar mashahuran a matsayin cikas ga shan taba. Sun zama masu tattalin arziki da sauri.
A yau, allurar mai kai tsaye daidai ne akan injunan diesel. Mafi na kowa tsarin shi ne Common Rail. Fiat ne ya kirkiro tsarin a farkon 90s, amma an sayar da patent ga Bosch saboda yawan farashin samarwa. Amma motar farko da wannan tsarin ta kasance a cikin 1997 Alfa Romeo 156 1.9 JTD.
A cikin tsarin layin dogo na gama gari, ana tattara man fetur a cikin bututu na gama gari sannan a rarraba shi cikin matsanancin matsin lamba ga masu allura. Bawuloli a cikin injectors suna buɗewa dangane da saurin injin. Wannan yana tabbatar da mafi kyawun abun da ke cikin cakuda a cikin silinda kuma yana rage yawan man fetur. Kafin ainihin allurar man fetur, abin da ake kira pre-injections don zafin zafin ɗakin konewa. Don haka, an sami nasarar ƙone mai da sauri da aiki mai natsuwa na rukunin wutar lantarki.
Akwai nau'ikan tsarin Rail na gama gari guda biyu: tare da injectors na lantarki (wanda ake kira Common Rail 2003th generation) kuma tare da injectors piezoelectric (wanda ake kira ƙarni na XNUMX). Na ƙarshe sun fi na zamani, suna da ƙananan sassa masu motsi da nauyi mai nauyi. Hakanan suna da gajeriyar lokutan motsi kuma suna ba da izini don ƙarin ingantattun ma'aunin man fetur. Tun da XNUMX, yawancin masana'antun suna canzawa a hankali zuwa gare su. Samfuran da ake amfani da su don allurar solenoid sun haɗa da Fiat, Hyundai/KIA, Opel, Renault da Toyota. Ana amfani da injectors na Piezoelectric musamman a cikin sababbin injuna. Mercedes, PSA damuwa (mai Citroen da Peugeot), VW da BMW.
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Wani bayani don allurar mai kai tsaye a cikin injunan dizal sune injectors naúrar. Duk da haka, an daina amfani da shi a cikin sababbin motoci. Masu allurar famfo sun ba da hanya zuwa tsarin Rail na gama gari, wanda ya fi dacewa kuma ya fi shuru. Volkswagen, wanda ya inganta wannan maganin, shi ma ba ya amfani da su.
Bayan ƴan shekarun da suka gabata, Volkswagen da wasu samfuran da ke da alaƙa (Audi, SEAT, Skoda) sun yi amfani da alluran naúrar. Wannan tsarin alluran naúrar ne (UIS). Babban abubuwan da aka gyara sune mono-injectors waɗanda ke saman silinda kai tsaye. Ayyukan su shine ƙirƙirar babban matsin lamba (sama da mashaya 2000) da allurar man dizal.
ADDU'A
Amincewar tsarin allura
Makanikai sun jaddada cewa tare da haɓaka tsarin allura, amincin su ya ragu.
- Mafi ƙarancin tsarin alluran dizal ɗin gaggawa shine waɗanda aka saki shekaru da yawa ko ma shekaru da yawa da suka gabata, wanda babban abin da ya kasance shine babban mai rarraba famfo mai matsa lamba - In ji Marcin Geisler daga Sabis na Auto-Diesel daga Kobylnica kusa da Słupsk.
Misali, shahararriyar ganga Mercedes W123 ta yi allurar kai tsaye. Akwai 'yan sassa masu motsi, kuma na'urar ta yi aiki ko da a kan ƙaramin adadin man fetur. Babban abin da ya rage shi ne, rashin saurin hanzari, aikin injin hayaniya da yawan amfani da dizal idan aka kwatanta da na yau da kullun.
Sabbin ƙira - tare da allura kai tsaye - ba su da waɗannan gazawar, amma sun fi kula da ingancin mai. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa na'urori masu injectors na lantarki ba su da aminci fiye da tsarin da ke da na'urorin lantarki.
“Sun fi jure rashin man fetur. Piezoelectrics da sauri suna kasawa lokacin da suke hulɗa da gurbataccen man dizal. - ya bayyana Geisler - Ingancin man dizal yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke shafar aikin gabaɗayan tsarin. Gurbataccen man fetur wanda bai dace da ka'idoji ba shine sanadin matsala.
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Hakanan akwai tsarin tare da nozzles na lantarki waɗanda ke karya sau da yawa fiye da sauran. Wannan shine lamarin, alal misali, a cikin Ford Mondeo III tare da injunan 2.0 da 115 hp 130 TDci. da Ford Focus I 1.8 TDci. Duk tsarin biyu sun yi amfani da tsarin ƙirar Delphi.
- Dalilin rashin aiki na famfon allura. Bayan tarwatsa shi, zaku iya lura da filayen ƙarfe, wanda, ba shakka, yana lalata nozzles, injiniyoyi ya bayyana. - Yana da wuya a ce ko hakan ya shafi ingancin man ko kuma fasahar samar da wadannan famfunan na da lahani.
Matsalolin iri ɗaya ne na Renault Megane II tare da injin 1.5 dCi. Hakanan famfo na Delphi yana aiki a nan, kuma a cikin tsarin mai kuma muna samun takaddun ƙarfe.
Sanannen kuma yana rakiyar Opel dizel, wanda famfon na VP44 ke aiki. Wadannan injuna suna tuƙi, da sauransu, Opel Vectra III 2.0 DTI, Zafira I 2.0 DTI ko Astra II 2.0 DTI. Kamar yadda Gisler ya ce, a cikin gudu na kimanin kilomita 200, famfo ya kama kuma yana buƙatar sabuntawa.
A daya hannun, HDi injuna, samar da Faransa damuwa PSA da kuma amfani a Citroen, Peugeot, kuma tun 2007 a Ford motoci, da matsaloli tare da samun asali kayayyakin gyara, i.е. Siemens injectors.
"Za a iya maye gurbin gurɓataccen bututun ƙarfe da wanda aka yi amfani da shi, amma ban ba da shawarar wannan maganin ba, kodayake yana da arha," in ji makanikan.
ADDU'A
Gyara farashin
Kudin gyaran tsarin allura ya dogara da nau'in allurar. Gyaran waɗannan na'urori na lantarki suna kusan PLN 500 kowannensu, gami da aiki, kuma ya ƙunshi maye gurbin kowane abubuwa na injector.
- Wannan shine farashin lokacin amfani da kayan gyara na asali. Game da na'urori masu ma'ana kamar injector, yana da kyau kada a yi amfani da abubuwan maye, in ji Marcin Geisler.
Saboda haka, a cikin yanayin tsarin Denso da ake amfani da su a cikin injunan Toyota, ya zama dole a maye gurbin dukkanin injector, saboda babu ainihin abubuwan da ke cikin kasuwa.
Piezoelectric nozzles za a iya maye gurbinsu gaba ɗaya kawai. Farashin shine PLN 1500 kowane yanki, gami da aiki.
– Piezoelectric injectors sababbin abubuwa ne kuma masana'antun su har yanzu suna kare haƙƙin mallaka. Amma wannan lamarin ya kasance tare da nozzles na lantarki a baya, don haka bayan wani lokaci farashin gyaran piezoelectric zai iya faduwa, majiyarmu ta yi imani.
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Tsaftace tsarin allura, watau. rigakafi
Don kauce wa matsaloli tare da tsarin allura, dole ne a tsaftace shi akai-akai tare da shirye-shirye na musamman.
"Yana da daraja yin haka sau ɗaya a shekara, alal misali, lokacin canza man inji da tacewa," in ji makanikan.
Farashin wannan sabis ɗin kusan PLN 350 ne.
Wojciech Frölichowski
