Tsarin gine -gine daban -daban na injiniya?
Akwai gine-ginen injiniyoyi da yawa, biyu daga cikinsu na asali ne. Bari mu buɗe su mu yi ƙoƙarin gano fa'idodi da rashin amfanin kowane.
Injin in layi
Injin layi shi ne abin da aka fi yi a duniyar mota, kuma tabbas shi ne wanda motarka ta ke da shi. Silinda suna daidaitawa akan gadi ɗaya kuma suna motsawa daga ƙasa zuwa sama.
Ga abin da za a iya lura da shi ta bangaren tabbatacce:
- Sabbin injiniyoyi masu sauƙi sun fi tattalin arziƙin ƙira (kuma mafi yawan ƙira a Faransa).
- Gabaɗaya mafi inganci (rage) amfani akan injin cikin layi
- Karami fiye da injin V, amma ya fi tsayi ... Matsakaicin jeri yana 'yantar da iyakar wurin zama.
A wannan bangaren:
- Irin wannan injin yana ɗaukar ƙarin sarari (a tsawon fiye da faɗin) ƙarƙashin murfin injin saboda silinda ya fi “yaɗawa” don haka ana buƙatar ƙarin sarari. Don haka, ƙirar V-dimbin yawa yana ba da damar daskararrun silinda a cikin ƙaramin ƙarami, ko kuma a cikin ƙarar ɗaiɗaiɗi.
- Talakawa na ciki ba su da ma'auni fiye da na injin V. Injin layi yana buƙatar tsarin ƙima na ciki wanda ake kira ma'aunin ma'auni. Duk da haka, ya kamata a lura cewa matsalar ba ta wanzu tare da 6 cylinders a cikin layi, wanda zai amfana daga mafi kyawun daidaitawa godiya ga yawan yawan jama'a a cikin motsi.
injin akan farantin
A cikin yanayin injin lebur, pistons a wannan lokacin suna aiki a kwance (a cikin kishiyar hanya) maimakon sama da ƙasa. Har ila yau, rabi na pistons suna motsawa a hanya ɗaya kuma sauran rabi a cikin kishiyar shugabanci. Motoci iri biyu ne: Boxer da Motar 180°V.
wannan Fitowa 6, daidai da lebur V6 (180 °)
Ga injin Dan dambe, Bambanci shine yafi a matakin ƙaddamar da sandunan piston. Kula da al'adun ku cewa Porsche yayi amfani da wannan sunan Boxer don komawa zuwa Boxster (wanda ke da injin Boxer ...)
Ga dan dambe daga Porsche Boxster.
Anyi amfani da Porsche da Subaru musamman, irin wannan ƙirar ba ta da yawa a kasuwar motoci.
Преимущества:
- Amfanin wannan tsarin yawanci shine ƙananan cibiyar nauyi. Tun da injin ɗin yana da leɓe kuma ana sanya shi ƙasa kamar yadda zai yiwu, wannan yana rage tsakiyar nauyi.
- Daidaita abin hawa yana da kyau saboda talakawa suna motsawa cikin sabanin kwatance.
disadvantages:
- Kudin kulawa da gyara na iya zama mafi girma saboda wannan injin ɗin ya fi ƙima (saboda haka ba a san masanin injiniya ba).
Injin in V
Injin mai siffar V yana da layi biyu gefe-gefe, ba layi ɗaya ba. Siffar ta ta haifar da sunan: V.
Ab advantagesbuwan amfãni na motar V mai siffa:
- Daidaitaccen ma'aunin motsi ya fi kyau, wanda ya sa ya fi sauƙi ga injiniyoyi don sarrafa girgiza.
- Muhimmin saukar da tsakiyar nauyi tare da babban buɗewa na V (idan mun isa digiri 180, injin ɗin zai yi lebur)
- Gajere fiye da injin in-line
Rashin hasara:
- Injin mafi tsada da rikitarwa na irin wannan shine mafi tsada don siye da kulawa. Musamman a matakin rarraba, wanda dole ne yayi aiki tare da layi biyu (akan injin mai siffar V) maimakon ɗaya.
- Amfani wanda zai iya zama dan kadan mafi girma
- Rage kusurwar V baya taimakawa rage tsakiyar nauyi.
- Fadi fiye da injin layi
Motar VR
RVs su ne injin V-injin da aka rage a kusurwa don rage girman injin. Mafi kyawun misali ya kasance Golf 3 VR6, wanda ba lallai bane yana da ɗaki da yawa a ƙarƙashin hular. Pistons suna kusa da juna cewa babu buƙatar shugabannin silinda guda biyu (ɗaya ga kowane banki a cikin yanayin V6). Saboda haka, ana iya sanya shi a cikin Golf, da sanin cewa ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan ƙananan motoci a kasuwa sanye take da injin 6-Silinda.
An manne "V-profiles" guda biyu don rage girman injin.
Motar W
Injin W, wanda aka fi sani da injunan 12-cylinder (W12), nau'in injin tagwaye-V ne. A ƙarshen rana, sifar tana kama da harafin W, amma wannan ba gaskiya bane.
A zahiri, wannan ba daidai ba ne harafin W, amma haruffa biyu na V, sun zauna ɗaya a cikin ɗayan, kamar yadda aka nuna ta adadi mai launin rawaya wanda ke maimaita bugun bugun silinda. Daga ƙarshe, wannan hanya ce mai kyau don ɗaukar yawancin silinda yadda zai yiwu yayin ɗaukar sarari kaɗan gwargwadon yiwuwa.
Injin Rotary
Babu shakka, wannan shine mafi asali zane na duka. Tabbas, babu piston anan, amma sabon tsarin ɗakin konewa.
Преимущества:
- Rage nauyi godiya ga ƙira mai sauƙi da ke buƙatar ƙarancin sassa fiye da injin "na al'ada".
- Injin da ke aiki da sauri, ƙarin jin tsoro
- Kyakkyawan daidaitawar mota, don haka rawar jiki yana raguwa sosai, musamman idan aka kwatanta da sauran gine-gine.
- Ana sarrafa hayaniyar sosai kuma yarda tana da kyau sosai
disadvantages:
- Injin na musamman, ba kowane makaniki ne zai kula da shi ba (duk ya dogara da matsalar da ake warwarewa)
- Tsarin rarrabuwa ba lallai ba ne cikakke, kuma kiyaye matsi mai kyau na dogon lokaci na iya zama mafi wahala fiye da injin "misali".
- Mai tattalin arziki ...
Injin tauraro
Ba zan tsaya a kan wannan ba, domin ya shafi harkokin sufurin jiragen sama. Amma ga abin da yake kama don ilimin ku gaba ɗaya:
