Ka'idar aiki na turbocharger da zane

Turbocharger (Turbine) wata hanya ce da ake amfani da ita a cikin motoci don tilasta iska a cikin silinda na injin konewa na ciki. A wannan yanayin, turbine yana motsawa ne kawai ta hanyar kwararar iskar gas. Yin amfani da turbocharger yana ba ku damar ƙara ƙarfin injin har zuwa 40% yayin kiyaye ƙarancin girmansa da ƙarancin amfani da mai.

Yadda aka shirya injin turbin, ka'idar aikinsa

Daidaitaccen turbocharger ya ƙunshi:

1. Jiki. Anyi daga karfe mai jure zafi. Yana da siffar karkace tare da bututu guda biyu daban-daban, wanda aka ba da flanges don shigarwa a cikin tsarin matsa lamba.
2. dabaran Turbine. Yana jujjuya makamashin shaye-shaye zuwa jujjuyawar ramin da aka kafa shi da ƙarfi. Anyi daga kayan da ke jure zafi.
3. Dabarun damfara. Yana karɓar jujjuyawa daga dabaran injin turbin kuma yana fitar da iska cikin silinda na injin. Sau da yawa ana yin na'urar damfara da aluminum, wanda ke rage asarar makamashi. Tsarin tsarin zafin jiki a cikin wannan yanki yana kusa da al'ada kuma ba a buƙatar amfani da kayan da ke da zafi.
4. Turbine shaft. Yana haɗa ƙafafun injin turbine (compressor da turbine).
5. Ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙwallon ƙafa. Ana buƙatar haɗa shinge a cikin gidaje. Za a iya sanye da zane tare da goyan baya ɗaya ko biyu ( bearings). Na biyun ana shafa su ta hanyar tsarin lubrication na injin gabaɗaya.
6. kewaye bawul. PAn ƙera shi don daidaita kwararar iskar iskar gas da ke aiki akan dabarar injin turbine. Wannan yana ba ku damar sarrafa ƙarfin haɓakawa. Valve da pneumatic actuator. Matsayinsa yana sarrafa ta injin ECU, wanda ke karɓar sigina daga firikwensin sauri.

Ainihin ka'idar aiki na turbine a cikin man fetur da injunan diesel shine kamar haka:

• Ana isar da iskar gas ɗin zuwa gidan turbocharger inda suke aiki akan injin turbine.
• Dabarar injin turbine ta fara juyawa da sauri. Gudun jujjuyawar injin turbine a babban gudun zai iya kaiwa 250 rpm.
• Bayan wucewa ta cikin dabaran injin turbine, ana fitar da iskar gas ɗin a cikin tsarin shaye-shaye.
• The compressor impeller yana jujjuya a daidaitawa (saboda yana kan rafin da injin turbine) kuma yana jagorantar matsewar iskar da aka matsa zuwa intercooler sannan zuwa nau'in ɗaukar injin.

Halayen injin turbin

Idan aka kwatanta da na’urar damfara ta injina da crankshaft ke tafiyar da ita, fa’idar injin turbine shi ne ba ya samun kuzari daga injin, sai dai yana amfani da makamashi ne daga hajojinsa. Yana da arha don ƙira kuma mai arha don amfani.

Ko da yake a zahiri injin injin dizal daidai yake da na injin mai, ya fi kowa a injin dizal. Babban fasalin shine hanyoyin aiki. Don haka, ana iya amfani da ƙananan kayan da ke jure zafi don injin dizal, tunda yawan zafin da ake sha na iskar gas ya kai 700 ° C a injin dizal kuma daga 1000 ° C a cikin injin mai. Wannan yana nufin cewa ba zai yiwu a shigar da injin dizal akan injin mai ba.

A gefe guda, waɗannan tsarin kuma suna da matakan haɓaka daban-daban. A wannan yanayin, ya kamata a la'akari da cewa ingancin injin turbine ya dogara da girmansa na geometric. Matsin iskar da aka hura a cikin silinda shine jimillar sassa biyu: matsa lamba 1 na yanayi tare da wuce haddi da turbocharger ya haifar. Yana iya zama daga 0,4 zuwa 2,2 yanayi ko fiye. Saboda ka'idar injin dizal ta ba da damar ƙara yawan iskar gas, ba za a iya shigar da ƙirar injin ɗin ko da a cikin injunan diesel ba.

Nau'i da rayuwar sabis na turbochargers

Babban rashin amfani da injin turbine shine tasirin "turbo lag" wanda ke faruwa a ƙananan saurin injin. Yana wakiltar jinkirin lokaci don amsa canjin saurin injin. Don shawo kan wannan gazawar, an haɓaka nau'ikan turbochargers daban-daban:

• Twin-gungurawa tsarin. Zane yana ba da tashoshi biyu don raba ɗakin turbine kuma, a sakamakon haka, iskar gas mai shayewa. Wannan yana ba da lokacin amsawa cikin sauri, matsakaicin ingancin injin turbine kuma yana hana toshe tashar jiragen ruwa.
• Turbine tare da m geometry (bututun ƙarfe tare da m geometry). An fi amfani da wannan ƙira a cikin injunan diesel. Yana ba da canji a cikin ɓangaren giciye na shigarwa zuwa turbine saboda motsi na ruwan wukake. Canza kusurwar juyawa yana ba ku damar daidaita kwararar iskar gas, don haka daidaita saurin iskar gas da saurin injin. A cikin injunan mai, ana samun injunan joometry masu canzawa a cikin motocin wasanni.

Rashin amfani da turbochargers shine rashin ƙarfi na turbine. Ga injunan mai, wannan matsakaita ne na kilomita 150. A daya bangaren kuma, rayuwar injin din dizal ya dan yi tsayi kadan kuma ya kai kilomita 000. Tare da tsawaita tuki a babban gudu, da kuma tare da zaɓin mai ba daidai ba, za a iya rage rayuwar sabis ta sau biyu ko ma sau uku.

Dangane da yadda injin turbin ke aiki a cikin injin mai ko dizal, ana iya kimanta aikin. Alamar da za a bincika ita ce bayyanar hayaki mai shuɗi ko baƙar fata, raguwar ƙarfin injin, da kuma bayyanar busawa da ratsi. Don kauce wa lalacewa, wajibi ne a canza man fetur, masu tace iska da kuma gudanar da kulawa na yau da kullum a cikin lokaci.