Ka'idar motar motar, yadda kullun ke aiki da bidiyo

Sau da yawa kuna iya jin kalmar "matse kama" daga direbobi. Ga mutane da yawa, kama - shi ne mafi hagu fedal a mota tare da manual gearbox, da kuma direbobi na motoci da atomatik watsa ko CVT ba su yi tunani game da wannan batu ko kadan, tun da babu wani daban-daban feda a cikin motocin domin kama.

Bari mu fahimci menene kama kuma menene aikin da yake yi.

Maƙarƙashiyar ita ce hanyar haɗi tsakanin injin da akwatin gear, yana haɗawa ko kuma cire haɗin mashin shigar da akwatin gear daga mashigin crankshaft flywheel. A kan motoci tare da makanikai, ana kunna gears ne kawai a lokacin da kamannin ke tawayar - wato, akwatin ba a haɗa shi da injin ba kuma lokacin motsi ba a isar da shi zuwa gare shi ba.

Idan masu zanen motoci na farko ba su yi tunanin irin wannan bayani ba, to, zai zama kawai ba zai yiwu a canza kayan aiki ba, zai yiwu a canza saurin motsi kawai tare da taimakon feda na gas, kuma don dakatar da shi zai kasance. wajibi ne don kashe injin gaba daya.

A yanzu akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan daban-daban, tallace-tallace da gyare-gyare na kama, amma crassic kama kamar haka:

• farantin matsa lamba - kwandon kama;
• faifan drive - feredo;
• sakin jiki.

Tabbas, akwai wasu abubuwa da yawa: clutch na saki, clutch cover kanta, maɓuɓɓugar ruwa don rage girgiza, rigingimun da ake sawa a kan feredo da kuma sassaukar da rikici tsakanin kwandon da tashi.

Kwandon clutch a cikin mafi sauƙin juzu'in diski guda ɗaya yana cikin sadarwa akai-akai tare da tashi sama kuma yana jujjuya shi akai-akai. Fayil ɗin da ake tuƙi yana da ƙugiya mai katsewa, wanda ya haɗa da mashin shigar da akwatin gear, wato, duk jujjuyawar ana watsa shi zuwa akwatin gear. Idan kana buƙatar canza kayan aiki, to direban ya danna fedal ɗin kama kuma abin da ya faru ya faru:

• ta hanyar tsarin clutch drive, ana watsa matsa lamba zuwa cokali mai yatsa;
• cokali mai yatsa yana motsa ƙwanƙwasa mai ɗaukar kaya tare da ɗaukar kanta zuwa maɓuɓɓugan sakin kwando;
• mai ɗaukar nauyi ya fara matsa lamba akan maɓuɓɓugan sakin (ƙafafu ko petals) na kwandon;
• paws yana cire haɗin faifai daga mashin tashi na ɗan lokaci.

Sa'an nan, bayan canjawa wuri, direban ya saki clutch fedal, da bearing motsa daga maɓuɓɓugan ruwa da kuma kwandon sake ci karo da gardama.

Idan kayi tunani game da shi, babu wani abu mai rikitarwa a cikin irin wannan na'urar, amma ra'ayinka zai canza nan da nan lokacin da ka ga kama a cikin bincike.

Akwai nau'ikan clutch da yawa:

• guda ɗaya da faifai masu yawa (ana amfani da faifai da yawa akan motoci tare da injuna masu ƙarfi da kuma akwatunan gear atomatik);
• inji;
• na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa;
• lantarki.

Idan muka yi magana game da nau'i uku na ƙarshe, to, bisa ga ka'ida sun bambanta da juna a cikin nau'in tuƙi - wato, yadda ake danna feda na clutch.

Mafi na kowa a halin yanzu shine nau'in hydraulic na kama.

Babban abubuwan da ke tattare da shi shine masters da silinda bawa na kama. Ana watsa feda zuwa babban silinda ta hanyar sanda, sandar tana motsa ƙaramin fistan, bi da bi, matsa lamba a cikin silinda yana ƙaruwa, wanda aka watsa zuwa silinda mai aiki. Silinda mai aiki kuma yana da fistan da aka haɗa da sandar, an saita su a cikin motsi kuma suna matsa lamba akan cokali mai yatsa.

A cikin nau'in nau'in clutch na inji, ana haɗa fedar clutch ta hanyar kebul zuwa cokali mai yatsa wanda ke tuƙi.

Nau'in lantarki iri ɗaya ne na inji, tare da bambancin cewa kebul, bayan danna fedal, an saita shi tare da taimakon injin lantarki.

Clutch a cikin motoci tare da watsawa ta atomatik

Duk da cewa irin wadannan motoci ba su da fedar clutch, wannan baya nufin cewa babu wani abu tsakanin injin da akwatin gear din. Yawancin lokaci a cikin motoci tare da watsawa ta atomatik, ana amfani da ƙarin zaɓuɓɓukan kamanni na faranti da yawa.

Ya jike saboda duk abubuwan da ke cikinta suna cikin wankan mai.

Ana danna kama ta amfani da servo drives ko actuators. A nan na'urorin lantarki suna taka muhimmiyar rawa, wanda ke ƙayyade abin da kayan aiki za su canza, kuma yayin da na'urorin lantarki ke tunani game da wannan batu, akwai ƙananan gazawa a cikin aikin. Watsawa ta atomatik ya dace da cewa ba kwa buƙatar ci gaba da matsi kama, sarrafa kansa yana yin komai da kansa, amma gaskiyar ita ce gyare-gyaren suna da tsada sosai.

Kuma a nan akwai bidiyo game da ka'idar aiki na kama, da kuma gearbox.

Ana lodawa…