Wilderness Adventures na Richard Branson

Shakku, tsoro har ma da buƙatun maidowa. Bayan bala'in da jirgin ruwa na Virgin Galactic SpaceShipTwo ya yi a watan Oktoba, wanda ya kamata ya isar da masu yawon bude ido zuwa sararin samaniyar sararin samaniya, fasinjoji 24 sun yi watsi da aikin. Wasu suna neman a dawo da kwatankwacin 250 XNUMX da aka biya a baya. daloli.

CV: Richard Charles Nicholas Branson

Ranar haihuwa: Yuli 18.07.1950, XNUMX, Blackheath, Birtaniya.

address: Necker Island a cikin tsibiran tsibiri na Virgin Islands

Ƙasar: Birtaniya

Matsayin iyali: aure sau biyu, yara biyu

Sa'a: Dalar Amurka biliyan 4,9 (kamar Oktoba 2014)

Mutumin da aka tuntuɓa:

Ilimi: Makarantar Scaitcliffe, Makarantar Stowe (dukansu a Burtaniya)

Kwarewa: Wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban Budurwa tun daga ƙarshen 60s.

Ƙarin nasarori: knighthood na kambin Burtaniya a 1999; Kyautar jin kai ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya 2007; lakabin "dan kasuwa mafi mutuntawa" na rabin karnin da ya gabata, wanda jaridar Sunday Times ta bayar a cikin 2014.

Abubuwan sha'awa: kitesurfing, aeronautics, jirgin sama, astronautics

Mafarki da hangen nesa wanda yawanci ana la'akari Richard Branson, wanda ya kafa Virgin Galactic, an buge shi sosai a ranar 31 ga Oktoba, 2014. Wani jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu ya yi hatsari a cikin sahara a lokacin da ake gwajin gwajinsa. An kashe daya daga cikin matukan jirgin.

Babu irin waɗannan abubuwa masu ban tausayi a rayuwarsa, kodayake ba koyaushe komai ya tafi daidai ba.

Duk da haka, nan da nan bayan hadarin, Branson ya tabbatar masa da cewa zai tashi tare da iyalinsa zuwa ta wata hanya, kuma zai yi shi kafin wani ya shiga sararin samaniya tare da Virgin Galactic.

"Mun shafe shekaru da yawa muna gina wannan jirgi, jirgin sama da tashar jiragen ruwa kuma za mu iya samun nasarar kammala kasuwancinmu," in ji shi a cikin wata hira da Sky News.

Idan kuna son Bentley, kuna da shi

Yallabai Richard Branson shine kitesurfer mafi tsufa don ketare tashar Ingilishi (1). Da kuma mutum na farko da ya tsallaka Tekun Atlantika a cikin balon iska mai zafi.

Da kuma Tekun Pasifik. Irin wannan mutum ya kamata ya so rayuwa sosai kuma ya yaba da dandano. An san shi da rashin son kara da alaƙa.

Dogayen sumar sa shima bai dace da hoton dan kasuwa ba. Wannan ba ya canza gaskiyar cewa Virgin ne daya daga cikin mafi recognizable brands a duniya, da mahaliccinsa ya kasance a real star - abin koyi ga mutane da yawa matasa da kuma m mutanen da suke so su brilliantly cimma daraja da kuma kudi.

An haife shi a shekara ta 1950 a London. Branson Ya sami basirarsa ta farko a matsayin dan kasuwa yana da shekaru 16. A wannan lokacin, ya buga mujallar "Student", sadaukar da al'adun matasa. Yana da tunanin kasuwanci a baya. Ya so, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, don haifar da budgerigars.

Har ma ya rinjayi iyayensa su shirya jirgin ruwa. Ya kuma sayar da bishiyar Kirsimeti. Shi kuwa bai yi kyau a makaranta ba. Yana da dyslexia kuma da sauri ya yanke shawarar barin karatun boko don neman makarantar rayuwa.

A cikin littafin tarihin rayuwarsa da ya fi sayar da shi babu shakka, ya ba da labari mai zuwa: “Yarata ba ta cika tunawa ba, amma wasu abubuwa sun bayyana sarai.

Na tuna cewa iyayena sun yi ta kalubalantar mu. Mahaifiyata ta ƙudurta ta koya mana ’yancin kai. Sa’ad da nake ɗan shekara huɗu, ta tsayar da motar da ke da nisan kilomita kaɗan daga gidanmu kuma ta sa ni in ratsa cikin gona ni kaɗai.

Tabbas na bata." (2). Matashi Branson al'adun pop da kade-kade sun burge shi (3). A cikin Dalibinsa, har ma ya yi hira da Mick Jagger na The Rolling Stones.

Ya fara sayar da bayanan duka a cikin shaguna da kuma ta hanyar wasiku. Sunan kamfanin da ya kafa ba da daɗewa ba - Budurwa ("budurwa") an ba shi ta daya daga cikin ma'aikata, wanda ya nuna cewa yana nuna matsayi na gaba daya da sababbin shiga cikin kasuwa mai wuya.

A cikin 1970, kamfanin ya buɗe kantin sayar da kiɗa a kan babbar titin Oxford a Landan. An kafa Virgin Records a cikin 1972. Mawaƙin farko da ya fara aiki a wurin shine Mike Oldfield, wanda aka fitar da kundin kayan aiki na Tubular Bells a cikin 1973. Masoyan waka sun san irin nasarar da ya samu.

Ya sayar da kwafi miliyan goma sha uku, wanda ya sa ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu siyar da kaya a tarihin phonphon na Burtaniya. Oldfield ya zama babban tauraro kuma Kamfanin Branson yayi arziki. A cikin tarihin tarihin rayuwar da aka ambata a baya, Branson ya ambaci Oldfield ya ƙi yarda da wani shagali don tallafawa kundin a zauren Sarauniya Elizabeth ta Landan.

Branson dole ne ya ba wa mawaƙin tafiya a cikin Bentley. A cikin ta, ya tambayi mawakin ko zai so wannan motar a matsayin kyauta. Oldfield ya amince ya jagoranci. An san Virgin Records saboda ƙarfin hali a cikin zaɓin kiɗan da suka saki. Kamfanin ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar rikodi tare da Pistols na Jima'i, alal misali, lokacin da wasu ɗakunan karatu suka ƙi yin haɗin gwiwa tare da ƙungiyar punk mai rikici.

Ta gano tare da haɓaka ƴan wasan da ba a san su ba. Wani lokaci, kamar yadda ya faru a cikin rukunin pop na al'adu, wannan ya haifar da babban nasarar kasuwanci. Wani lokaci, kamar yadda ya faru da makada Faust ko Can, kiɗan masu fasaha da ke da goyan baya ya wanzu kuma ya kasance har yau sananne sosai a cikin da'irar mutanen da aka fara cikin ayyukan madadin wurin.

Budurwa ba ta yin rikodin

Duk da haka, a cikin 1992, Branson ya sayar da Virgin ga EMI akan £ 500 miliyan. Ya yi haka ne domin ya ci gaba da sha’awar sa na gaba, wato kamfanonin jiragen sama. A cikin 1984, ya kafa layin Virgin Atlantic. Shekaru daga baya, ga tambaya "Yadda za a zama miliyoniya?", Branson Ya amsa da da kyar, "Da farko sai ka zama hamshakin attajiri sannan ka sayi kamfanonin jiragen sama."

Duk da yake ba koyaushe yana da sauƙi ba, shekarun da suka gabata sun kasance babban abin farin ciki ga ayyukan ''budurwa'' iri-iri na Branson. Shi ne mutum na farko kuma daya tilo a yau da ya kirkiro kamfanoni da darajarsu ta kai dala biliyan takwas kowacce a sassa takwas na tattalin arziki.

A cikin 1993, kamfaninsa na Virgin Trains ya sami lasisin jirgin ƙasa na Burtaniya. A ƙarshen karni, ya buɗe wani "Virginia" - Virgin Mobile da Virgin Blue a Ostiraliya (yanzu da ake kira Virgin Australia).

A lokaci guda kuma, kamfanoninsa daban-daban sun haɓaka kuma suna ci gaba da haɓaka, suna shimfiɗa ginshiƙan su daga sashin kuɗi (Virgin Money) zuwa kafofin watsa labaru (Virgin Media). Akwai kamfanoni sama da 60 na Virgin a duniya a yau. Suna daukar aiki kusan mutane dubu 50. ma'aikata a cikin kasashe fiye da XNUMX.

bai isa duniya ba

Lokacin da aka yi komai a duniya, matakin zuwa sararin samaniya ya zama kamar matakin ci gaba na dabi'a na gaba. Branson Ya yi rajista da sunan Virgin Galactic a cikin 1999. Abin sha'awa, a yau a idon jama'a yana da alaƙa da wannan kamfani da kuma alkawarin zirga-zirgar sararin samaniya na yau da kullum.

Duk da koma bayan da aka samu a baya-bayan nan, har yanzu yana da kyakkyawar dama ta zama mutum na farko da ya kera layukan sararin samaniya a zahiri don jigilar fasinjoji zuwa sararin samaniya. Koyaya, wannan na iya ɗaukar lokaci fiye da yadda kowa zai yi hasashe - da farko kansa.

Ta yaya balaguron sararin samaniya na ɗan kasuwa “budurwa” ya fara?

4. Branson da jirgin sama

A watan Yulin 2002, wakilai daga Virgin sun ziyarci kamfanin jirgin sama na Bert Rutan don fafatawa don samun lambar yabo ta Ansari X. Maigidan Budurwa ya ga damar cika burinsa na tsawon rayuwarsa na jirgin sama na kasuwanci.

A cikin 2004, ya ba da sanarwar cewa Virgin Galactic za ta ɗauki nauyin ƙirar Burt Rutan. Bayan shekara guda, bayan samun lambar yabo ta X, Rutan's Scaled Composites da Virgin Galactic sun kafa Kamfanin Jirgin Sama. Manufar wannan sana'a ita ce hada motoci da kuma samar da dukkanin kayayyakin aikin jirgin.

A cikin wannan shekarar, an rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya da gwamnatin jihar New Mexico kan zuba jarin dalar Amurka miliyan 200 a hamadar Jornada del Muerto, wanda Virgin Galactic ke aiwatarwa. Daga baya aka sake masa suna Spaceport America.

5. Rugujewar SpaceShipTwo a cikin Hamadar Mojave.

A cikin Disamba 2008, wani sana'a da ake kira WhiteKnightTwo ya yi gwajin gwaji na farko a kan Mojave Desert. Bayan watanni uku, ya kai tsayin 13 m tare da SpaceShipTwo wanda aka makala da shi, samfurin sararin samaniya (716). A cikin kaka na 4, jirgin farko na SpaceShipTwo, wanda aka fi sani da VSS Enterprise, ya faru.

Sannan akwai rahotannin sabbin ci gaba, gwaje-gwaje da gwaje-gwaje, nasarori ... da kuma masu siyan tikitin jirgin sama na farko na dala miliyan daya na dala miliyan daya har yanzu ana ba su sabbin kwanakin kaddamarwa.

Shirin tafiye-tafiyen sararin samaniya, wanda daga baya zai zama sabis na yau da kullun, shine kamar haka: WhiteKnightTwo, wanda aka harba daga duniya, yana ɗaukar kumbon SpaceShipTwo - wani tsari mai tashi da fikafikai 12,8 m, tare da matukan jirgi biyu da fasinjoji shida - zuwa wani jirgin ruwa. tsayin mita 15 m. Sai injin jirgin sama na matasan.

Na'urar ta sama tana kaiwa gudun fiye da 4. km/h. 10 km sama da abin da ake kira. layin Karman, iyaka ta haƙiƙa tsakanin yanayin duniya da sararin samaniya, watau. fiye da kilomita 100 sama da saman Duniya, injin yana kashe. Jirgin sama ya fara.

Yana ɗaukar tsawon ... minti biyar - a cikin shiru, a cikin ƙananan nauyi kuma tare da kyawawan ra'ayoyi na Duniya a waje da tagogi. An ƙera jiragen na Virgin Galactic don jirgin da ke ƙarƙashin sararin samaniya tare da ɗan ɗanɗanon tafiye-tafiyen sararin samaniya. A takaice, domin don shiga sararin samaniyar da tashar sararin samaniya ta duniya ke motsawa, kuna buƙatar na'urar da ke da iko sau 70 fiye da na SpaceShipTwo.

2011 ita ce ranar ƙaddamar da farko ta Virgin Galactic. Branson Ya ce yana da "kashi 90" yana da kwarin gwiwa cewa SpaceShipTwo zai tashi a cikin wannan shekara kuma shi kadai zai kasance a cikin jirgin. A bayyane yake bayaninsa martani ne ga alamun rashin haƙuri, musamman a Amurka.

Bayan 'yan shekaru baya, gwarzonmu ya ba da sanarwar cewa Spaceport America, wanda aka gina a New Mexico tare da kuɗin masu biyan haraji na Amurka, zai yi jigilar jirage 2015 a cikin 700. Tikiti na "Miliyan Kwata" da aka saya, a cewar rahotanni, kimanin mutane 800.

A cewar sanarwar da aka fitar daga baya, jirgin na farko zai gudana ne a karshen shekarar 2013. A halin yanzu, a wannan shekara, daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da suka faru, na'urorin roka na SpaceShipTwo ne kawai aka harba cikin sararin samaniya na 'yan dakiku.

6. Richard Branson a cikin wani adireshin TV bayan hadarin

Mai aikin al'ajabi ba zai bari a tafi ba

A halin yanzu ana ci gaba da gudanar da bincike kan musabbabin hatsarin jirgin ruwa na SpaceShipTwo (5) na watan Oktoba. Bisa bayanin farko, hatsarin bai faru ba saboda gazawar injin, amma saboda rashin aiki na tsarin "aileron" da ke da alhakin saukowa zuwa duniya.

An fara shi da wuri kafin motar ta rage gudu zuwa Mach 1,4 ta ƙira. Binciken musabbabin hadarin zai dauki akalla shekara guda. Yana da wuya a yi tunanin cewa hukumomin jiragen sama na Amurka za su ba da izinin tashi da fasinjoji kafin a bayyana sakamakon. Bayan bala'in a watan Oktoba, an san cewa ba za a cika wa'adin farko ba.

Duk da haka, kamfanin har yanzu ya lissafa rabin farkon 2015 a matsayin lokacin da aka yi niyya don jirgin farko na karkashin kasa. Branson a wata hira da Sky News, ya dage ya bayyana cewa Virgin Galactic zai cimma burinsa (6). Domin wannan kamfani ne wanda zai zama "wani abin al'ajabi na duniya" a nan gaba. Miroslav Usidus