Iyaka na lokaci-lokaci tebur na abubuwa. Ina tsibirin farin ciki na kwanciyar hankali?

Shin teburin abubuwa na lokaci-lokaci yana da iyaka "babba" - don haka akwai lambar atom ɗin ka'idar don wani abu mai nauyi wanda ba zai yuwu a isa ba a cikin sanannen duniyar zahiri? Masanin kimiyyar lissafi dan kasar Rasha Yuri Oganesyan, wanda bayansa aka kira kashi na 118, ya yi imanin cewa dole ne irin wannan iyaka ta wanzu.

A cewar Oganesyan, shugaban dakin gwaje-gwaje na Flerov na Cibiyar Haɗin gwiwar Binciken Nukiliya (JINR) da ke Dubna, Rasha, kasancewar irin wannan iyaka ya samo asali ne daga sakamako masu alaƙa. Yayin da lambar atom ɗin ke ƙaruwa, ingantaccen cajin tsakiya yana ƙaruwa, kuma wannan, bi da bi, yana ƙara saurin electrons a kewayen tsakiya, yana gabatowa iyakar saurin haske, masanin kimiyyar ya bayyana a cikin wata hira da aka buga a cikin mujallar Afrilu. . Sabon Masanin Kimiyya. "Misali, electrons mafi kusa da tsakiya a cikin element 112 suna tafiya a 7/10 gudun haske. Idan na'urorin lantarki na waje sun kusanci saurin haske, zai canza kaddarorin atom, yana keta ka'idojin tebur na lokaci-lokaci," in ji shi.

Ƙirƙirar sabbin abubuwa masu nauyi a cikin dakunan gwaje-gwajen kimiyyar lissafi aiki ne mai wahala. Dole ne masana kimiyya, tare da madaidaicin madaidaicin, daidaita ƙarfin jan hankali da tunkuɗewa tsakanin ɓangarorin farko. Abin da ake buƙata shine adadin "sihiri" na protons da neutrons waɗanda "manne tare" a cikin tsakiya tare da lambar atomic da ake so. Tsarin da kansa yana haɓaka barbashi zuwa kashi goma na saurin haske. Akwai ƙaramar, amma ba sifili ba, damar samuwar ƙwayar atomic mai nauyi ta lambar da ake buƙata. Sa'an nan kuma aikin masana kimiyyar lissafi shine sanyaya shi da sauri da sauri kuma "kama" a cikin na'urar ganowa kafin ya lalace. Duk da haka, don wannan yana da mahimmanci don samun "raw kayan" da ya dace - rare, mai tsada isotopes na abubuwa tare da bukatar neutron albarkatun.

Mahimmanci, mafi nauyi a cikin rukunin transactinide, gajeriyar rayuwarsa. Abun da ke da lambar atomic 112 yana da rabin rayuwa na daƙiƙa 29, 116 - 60 millise seconds, 118 - 0,9 millise seconds. An yi imani da cewa kimiyya ta kai ga iyakoki na kwayoyin halitta.

Duk da haka, Oganesyan bai yarda ba. Ya gabatar da ra'ayin cewa yana cikin duniyar abubuwa masu nauyi. "Island of Stability". "Lokacin lalata sabbin abubuwa yana da ɗan gajeren lokaci, amma idan kun ƙara neutrons a cikin nuclei ɗinsu, rayuwarsu za ta ƙaru," in ji ta. “Ƙara neutrons takwas zuwa abubuwan da suka kai 110, 111, 112 har ma da 113 yana ƙara tsawon rayuwarsu da shekaru 100. sau daya".

Sunan bayan Oganesyan, kashi Oganesson yana cikin rukunin transactinides kuma yana da lambar atomic 118. An fara haɗa shi a cikin 2002 ta ƙungiyar masana kimiyya na Rasha da Amurka daga Cibiyar Haɗin gwiwar Binciken Nukiliya a Dubna. A cikin Disamba 2015, an gane shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin sababbin abubuwa hudu ta IUPAC/IUPAP Joint Working Group (ƙungiyar da Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Tsabtace da Aiwatar da Chemistry da Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya ta Tsabtace da Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru). An yi suna a hukumance a ranar 28 ga Nuwamba, 2016. Oganesson ma lambar atomic mafi girma i mafi girma atomic taro tsakanin duk abubuwan da aka sani. A cikin 2002-2005, atom guda huɗu ne kawai na isotope 294 aka gano.

Wannan kashi yana cikin rukuni na 18 na tebur na lokaci-lokaci, watau. gas mai daraja (kasancewar farko wakilin wucin gadi), duk da haka, zai iya nuna gagarumin reactivity, sabanin duk sauran daraja gas. A da, an yi tunanin oganesson iskar gas ne a cikin daidaitattun yanayi, amma hasashen da ake yi a halin yanzu yana nuni da yanayin haɗe-haɗe a ƙarƙashin waɗannan sharuɗɗan saboda tasirin alaƙar da Oganessian ya ambata a cikin hirar da aka ambata a baya. A cikin tebur na lokaci-lokaci, yana cikin p-block, kasancewar tushen ƙarshe na lokaci na bakwai.

Dukkan malaman Rasha da na Amurka a tarihi sun ba da sunaye daban-daban a gare shi. A ƙarshe, duk da haka, IUPAC ta yanke shawarar girmama ƙwaƙwalwar Hovhannisyan ta hanyar fahimtar babban gudummawar da ya bayar don gano abubuwa mafi nauyi a cikin tebur na lokaci-lokaci. Wannan sinadari ɗaya ne daga cikin biyu (kusa da seaborg) mai suna bayan mai rai.