Porsche

Abubuwan da ke ciki Tarihin Masu mallakar Porsche da gudanarwaTarihin tambari Shiga cikin tsereModel rangePrototypes Serial wasanni na wasanni (tare da injinan dambe) Samfuran wasanni da motocin tsere (Injunan dambe) Motocin wasanni waɗanda suka shigo samarwa, sanye da injin in-line Motocin wasanni da suka shigo samarwa, sanye da kayan aiki. V-enginesCrossovers da SUVsTambayoyi da amsoshi: Motocin masana'anta na Jamus an san su a duk faɗin duniya don wasan kwaikwayo da ƙira mai kyau. Ferdinand Porsche ne ya kafa kamfanin. Yanzu hedkwatar tana cikin Jamus, St. Stuttgart. Bisa ga bayanai na 2010, da motoci na wannan automaker sun shagaltar da matsayi mafi girma a cikin dukan motoci a duniya dangane da aminci. Alamar motar ta tsunduma cikin kera motocin motsa jiki na alfarma, manyan sedans da SUVs. Kamfanin yana haɓaka haɓaka sosai a fagen tseren mota. Wannan yana bawa injiniyoyin sa damar haɓaka sabbin tsarin, waɗanda da yawa daga cikinsu suna samun aikace-aikace a cikin ƙirar farar hula. Tun daga samfurin na farko, an bambanta motocin alamar ta hanyar kyawawan siffofi, kuma dangane da jin dadi, suna amfani da fasahohin zamani waɗanda ke sanya motocin dacewa don tafiya da tafiye-tafiye masu mahimmanci. Tarihin Porsche Kafin ya fara kera motocinsa, F. Porsche ya haɗu tare da masana'anta Auto Union, wanda ya ƙirƙira motar tseren nau'in 22. Motar dai tana dauke da injin silinda 6. Mai zanen ya kuma shiga cikin halittar VW Kafer. Kwarewar da aka tara ta taimaka wa wanda ya kafa alamar alama da za a iya ɗaukar mafi girman mahimman masana'antu nan da nan. A nan ne babban ci gaban da kamfanin ya wuce: 1931 - kafuwar wani sha'anin, wanda zai mayar da hankali a kan ci gaba da kuma samar da motoci. Da farko dai, wani ƙaramin ɗakin zane ne wanda ya haɗu da sanannun kamfanonin mota a wancan lokacin. Kafin kafa alamar, Ferdinand yayi aiki da Daimler fiye da shekaru 15 (ya rike mukamin babban mai zane da kuma memba na hukumar). 1937 - Ƙasar ta buƙaci motar motsa jiki mai inganci kuma abin dogara da za a iya shiga a cikin Marathon Turai daga Berlin zuwa Roma. An shirya taron don 1939. An gabatar da kwamitin wasanni na kasa da aikin Ferdinand Porsche Sr., wanda nan da nan aka amince da shi. 1939 - samfurin farko ya bayyana, wanda daga baya zai zama tushe ga yawancin motoci masu zuwa. 1940-1945gg. An daskare kera motoci saboda barkewar yakin duniya na biyu. Za a sake fasalin masana'antar Porsche don haɓakawa da samar da amphibians, kayan aikin soja da motocin da ke kan hanya don wakilan hedkwatar. 1945 - shugaban kamfanin ya tafi kurkuku saboda laifukan yaki (taimakawa a cikin nau'i na samar da kayan aikin soja, misali, babban tanki Mouse da Tiger R). Dan Ferdinand, Ferry Anton Ernst ne ke ɗaukar ragamar mulki. Ya yanke shawarar kera motoci na ƙirar kansa. Tsarin asali na farko shine 356th. Ta sami injin tushe da jikin aluminium. 1948 - Ferry Porsche ya sami takardar shedar samarwa na 356. Motar ta sami cikakkiyar saiti daga Kafer, wanda ya haɗa da injin sanyaya 4-cylinder, dakatarwa da watsawa. 1950 - Kamfanin ya koma Stuttgart. Tun daga wannan shekara, motoci sun daina amfani da aluminum don ƙirƙirar sassan jiki. Yayin da hakan ya sa motocin sun yi nauyi, sun fi tsaro sosai. 1951 - wanda ya kafa wannan alama ya mutu saboda gaskiyar cewa lafiyarsa ta tabarbare yayin zamansa a kurkuku (ya shafe kusan shekaru 2 a can). Har zuwa farkon shekarun 60s, kamfanin ya kara samar da motoci masu nau'in jiki daban-daban. Har ila yau, ana ci gaba da ci gaba don ƙirƙirar injuna masu ƙarfi. Saboda haka, a shekarar 1954, motoci sanye take da ciki konewa injuna ya riga ya bayyana, wanda yana da girma na 1,1 lita, da ikon kai 40 hp. A wannan lokacin, sabbin nau'ikan jikin suna bayyana, alal misali, katako mai wuya (karanta game da sifofin irin waɗannan jikin a cikin wani bita na daban) da mai kula da hanya (karanta ƙarin game da wannan nau'in jikin nan). A hankali ana cire injina daga Volkswagen daga tsarin, kuma ana shigar da nasu analogues. A kan samfurin 356A, ya riga ya yiwu don yin oda raka'a wutar lantarki sanye take da 4 camshafts. Tsarin kunnawa yana karɓar muryoyin wuta guda biyu. A cikin layi daya tare da sabunta hanyoyin mota, ana haɓaka motocin wasanni, misali, 550 Spyder. 1963-76gg. Motar kamfanin iyali ya riga ya sarrafa don samun kyakkyawan suna. A lokacin, da model ya riga ya samu biyu jerin - A da B. A farkon 60s, injiniyoyi sun ɓullo da samfurin na gaba mota - 695. Dangane da ko za a sake shi a jeri ko a'a, gudanarwar alamar ba ta da yarjejeniya. Wasu sun yi imanin cewa har yanzu motar da ke gudu ba ta ƙare da albarkatunta ba, yayin da wasu ke da tabbacin cewa lokaci ya yi da za a fadada layin. A kowane hali, ƙaddamar da samar da wata mota yana da alaƙa da haɗari mai girma - masu sauraro bazai gane shi ba, saboda abin da zai zama dole don neman kudi don sabon aikin. 1963 - An gabatar da manufar Porsche 911 ga masu sha'awar mota a Nunin Mota na Frankfurt. A wani bangare, sabon sabon abu yana da wasu abubuwa daga wanda ya gabace shi - shimfidar injuna ta baya, injin dambe, motar baya. Koyaya, motar tana da ƙayyadaddun abubuwan wasanni na asali. Motar da farko tana da injin lita 2,0 mai karfin dawaki 130. Bayan haka, motar ta zama ƙungiyar asiri, da kuma fuskar kamfanin. 1966 - samfurin 911, wanda masu motoci ke ƙauna, yana karɓar sabuntawar jiki - Targa (nau'in mai canzawa, wanda zaka iya karantawa dalla-dalla daban). A farkon shekarun 1970 - musamman "cajin" gyare-gyare ya bayyana - Carrera RS tare da injin lita 2,7 da analogue - RSR. 1968 - Jikan wanda ya kafa kamfanin ya yi amfani da 2/3 na kasafin kudin shekara na kamfanin don kera motocin wasanni 25 na ƙirar kansa - Porsche 917. Dalilin wannan shine darektan fasaha ya yanke shawarar cewa dole ne alamar ta shiga cikin tseren mota na 24 Le Mans. Wannan ya haifar da rashin amincewa mai karfi daga dangi, saboda rashin nasarar wannan aikin zai sa kamfanin ya yi fatara. Duk da babbar haɗari, Ferdinand Piech ya gan shi har zuwa ƙarshe, wanda ke jagorantar kamfanin zuwa nasara a cikin sanannen marathon. A cikin rabi na biyu na 60s, an sake fitar da wani samfurin a cikin jerin. Ƙungiyar Porsche-Volkswagen ta yi aiki a kan aikin. Gaskiyar ita ce, VW yana buƙatar motar motsa jiki, kuma Porshe yana buƙatar sabon samfurin wanda zai zama magajin 911, amma fasalinsa mai rahusa tare da injin 356. 1969 - samar da hadin gwiwa samar model Volkswagen-Porsche 914 fara. A cikin motar, motar tana tsaye a bayan layin gaba na kujeru zuwa ga gatari na baya. An riga an so jikin da yawa Targa, kuma ikon naúrar na 4 ko 6 cylinders. Saboda dabarun tallace-tallace mara kyau, da kuma bayyanar da ba a saba ba, samfurin bai sami irin wannan amsa da ake tsammani ba. 1972 - Kamfanin ya canza tsarinsa daga kasuwancin iyali zuwa na jama'a. Yanzu ta sami prefix AG maimakon KG. Kodayake dangin Porsche sun rasa cikakken ikon kamfanin, yawancin babban birnin har yanzu yana hannun Ferdinand Jr. Sauran sun zama mallakar VW damuwa. Kamfanin ya jagoranci wani ma'aikaci na sashen bunkasa injin - Ernst Furman. Shawarar farko da ya yanke ita ce fara samar da 928 tare da injin 8-Silinda wanda ke gaba. Motar ta maye gurbin mashahurin 911. Har sai da tashi daga matsayi na Shugaba a cikin 80s, layin sanannen mota bai ci gaba ba. 1976 - a karkashin kaho na Porsche mota akwai yanzu ikon raka'a daga abokin - VW. Misalin irin waɗannan samfuran shine 924th, 928th da 912th. Kamfanin yana mai da hankali kan haɓaka waɗannan motocin. 1981 - An cire Furman daga mukamin Shugaba, kuma an nada manaja Peter Schutz a madadinsa. A lokacin aikinsa, 911 ya koma matsayinsa wanda ba a bayyana shi ba azaman ƙirar ƙirar alamar. Ta karɓi adadin sabuntawa na waje da na fasaha, waɗanda ke nunawa a cikin alamomin jerin. Don haka, akwai gyare-gyare na Carrera tare da motar, wanda ikonsa ya kai 231 hp, Turbo da Carrera Clubsport. 1981-88 rally model 959 aka samar. Haqiqa ƙwararriyar injiniya ce: injin 6-lita 2,8-Silinda tare da turbochargers guda biyu sun haɓaka ƙarfin 450hp, tuƙi mai ƙafa huɗu, dakatarwar daidaitawa tare da masu ɗaukar girgiza huɗu a kowace dabaran (zai iya canza izinin motar), Kevlar jiki. A cikin gasar Paris-Dakkar 1986, motar ta kawo wurare biyu na farko a cikin gabaɗaya. 1989-98 key gyare-gyare na 911 jerin, kazalika da gaban-injin wasanni motoci, fita daga samarwa. Sabbin motoci sun bayyana - Boxter. Kamfanin yana cikin wani yanayi mai wahala, wanda ke shafar yanayin kuɗin sa sosai. 1993 - darektan kamfanin ya sake canzawa. Yanzu shine V. Wiedeking. A lokacin daga 81 zuwa 93, an maye gurbin darektoci 4. Rikicin duniya na 90s ya bar alamarsa a kan samar da motoci na shahararren Jamus. Har zuwa 96, alamar ta sabunta samfuran yanzu, haɓaka injuna, haɓaka dakatarwa da canza ƙirar jiki (amma ba tare da tashi daga yanayin yanayin Porsche ba). 1996 - samar da wani sabon "fuskar" kamfanin fara - model 986 Boxter. Sabon sabon abu ya yi amfani da motar dambe (a gefe), kuma an yi gawar a cikin nau'i na ma'aikacin hanya. Da wannan samfurin, kasuwancin kamfanin ya ɗan tashi. Motar ta shahara har zuwa 2003, lokacin da 955 Cayenne ya bayyana a kasuwa. Ɗaya daga cikin tsire-tsire ba zai iya jurewa da nauyin ba, don haka kamfanin yana gina wasu masana'antu da yawa. 1998 - samar da "iska" gyare-gyare na 911 ya rufe, kuma ɗan wanda ya kafa kamfanin, Ferry Porsche, ya mutu. 1998 - Carrera da aka sabunta (mai canzawa na ƙarni na 4) ya bayyana, da kuma samfura biyu don masoyan mota - 966 Turbo da GT3 (sun canza taƙaice RS) 2002 - A Geneva Motor Show, alamar ta gabatar da abin hawa mai amfani da wasanni na Cayenne. A hanyoyi da yawa, shi ne kama da VW Touareg, saboda ci gaban da wannan mota da aka za'ayi tare da "related" iri (tun 1993 da post na CEO Volkswagen aka shagaltar da jikan Ferdinand Porsche F. ina sha). 2004 - Manufar supercar Carrera GT, wanda aka nuna a Geneva Motor Show a 2000, ya shiga cikin jerin. Sabon sabon abu ya sami injin V-dimbin 10-Silinda na lita 5,7 da matsakaicin ƙarfin 612 hp. Jikin motar an yi shi ne da wani abu mai haɗaka, wanda ya dogara da fiber carbon. An haɗa naúrar wutar lantarki tare da akwatin gear mai sauri 6 tare da kama yumbu. An sanye da tsarin birki tare da pads yumbura. Har zuwa 2007, bisa ga sakamakon tseren Nurburgring, wannan mota ita ce mafi sauri a duniya a cikin jerin hanyoyin mota. Pagani Zonda F. Har yanzu, kamfanin yana ci gaba da faranta wa masu son wasanni tuki a cikin motocin alatu tare da sakin sabbin samfura masu ƙarfi, kamar 300 horsepower Panamera a 2010 da 40 horsepower Cayenne Coupe (2019). Ɗaya daga cikin mafi yawan amfani shine Cayenne Turbo Coupe. Naúrar wutar lantarki tana haɓaka ƙarfin 550hp. 2019 - An ci tarar kamfanin Yuro miliyan 535 saboda gaskiyar cewa alamar ta yi amfani da injin daga Audi, wanda, bisa ƙa'idodin muhalli, bai cika sigogin da aka ayyana ba. Masu mallaka da gudanarwa An kafa kamfanin ne ta hanyar zanen Jamus F. Porsche Sr. a cikin 1931. Da farko, kamfani ne da ke rufe wanda na dangi ne. Sakamakon aiki tare da Volkswagen, alamar ta koma matsayin kamfani na jama'a, babban abokin tarayya shine VW. Wannan ya faru a cikin 1972. A cikin tarihin alamar, dangin Porsche sun mallaki kason zaki na babban birnin kasar. Sauran mallakar tambarin 'yar uwarta VW ne. Dangane da ma'anar cewa Shugaba na VW tun 1993 shine jikan wanda ya kafa Porsche, Ferdinand Piech. A cikin 2009, Piech ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya don haɗa kamfanonin iyali zuwa rukuni ɗaya. Tun daga 2012, alamar tana aiki a matsayin rukuni daban na ƙungiyar VAG. Tarihin tambarin A cikin tarihin alamar alatu, duk samfuran suna sawa kuma har yanzu suna sa tambari ɗaya. Alamar tana nuna garkuwa mai launi 3, wacce a tsakiyarta akwai silhouette na dokin reno. Bangaren bangon baya (wani garkuwa mai tururuwa da ratsan ja da baƙar fata) an ɗauke shi daga rigar makamai na 'Yancin Jama'a na Württemberg, wanda ya dade har zuwa 1945. An dauko dokin ne daga rigar makamai na birnin Stuttgart (shi ne babban birnin Württemberg). Wannan nau'in ya kasance mai tunawa da asalin birnin - an kafa shi a matsayin babban gonar dawakai (a cikin 950). Porsche logo ya bayyana a 1952, lokacin da labarin kasa na iri ya isa Amurka. Kafin gabatar da alamun kamfani, motoci kawai suna da rubutun Porsche. Shiga gasar tsere Tun daga farkon samfurin wasan motsa jiki, kamfanin ya shiga cikin gasa daban-daban na motoci. Wasu daga cikin nasarorin da alamar ta samu sun haɗa da: Nasarar tseren sa'o'i 24 na Le Mans (356 tare da jikin aluminum); Races a kan hanyoyin Mexico Carrera Panamericana (wanda aka gudanar na shekaru 4 tun 1950); Italiyan jimiri tseren Mille Miglia, wanda ya faru a kan hanyoyin jama'a (daga 1927 zuwa 57); Racing a kan titunan jama'a a Sicily Targo Florio (wanda aka gudanar a cikin lokacin 1906-77); 12-hour jimiri da'ira tseren a kan ƙasa na tsohon filin jirgin sama a birnin Sebring a Florida, Amurka (wanda ake gudanar kowace shekara tun 1952); Gasar tsere a hanyar ƙungiyar motocin Jamus a Nürburgring, waɗanda aka gudanar tun 1927; Wasan tsere a Monte Carlo; Rally Paris-Dakkar. Gabaɗaya, alamar tana da nasarori dubu 28 a cikin duk gasa da aka lissafa. Jeri jeri na kamfanin ya haɗa da manyan motoci masu zuwa. Prototypes 1947-48 - Samfura #1 dangane da VW Kafer. An kira samfurin 356. Na'urar wutar lantarki da aka yi amfani da ita na nau'in dambe ne. 1988 - wanda ya gabace shi zuwa Panamera, wanda ya dogara da akwatin 922 da 993.