Me yasa motar ta tsaya a banza - manyan dalilai da rashin aiki

Idan motar ta tsaya a ƙananan gudu, yana da matukar muhimmanci a gaggauta ƙayyade dalilin wannan hali da kuma aiwatar da gyaran da ya dace. Yin watsi da wannan matsala yakan haifar da gaggawa.

Idan motar ta tsaya a banza, amma lokacin da ka danna fedarar gas, injin yana aiki akai-akai, to direba yana buƙatar gaggawar ganowa da kawar da dalilin wannan hali na abin hawa. In ba haka ba, motar na iya tsayawa a wuri mafi dacewa, misali, kafin bayyanar koren hasken zirga-zirga, wanda wani lokaci yakan haifar da gaggawa.

Menene zaman banza

Matsakaicin saurin injin mota ya kai 800-7000 dubu a minti ɗaya don mai da 500-5000 don nau'in dizal. Ƙarƙashin iyakar wannan kewayon yana aiki (XX), wato, jujjuyawar da rukunin wutar lantarki ke samarwa a cikin yanayi mai dumi ba tare da direba ya danna fedalin gas ba.

Mafi kyawun jujjuyawar injin ingin a yanayin XX ya dogara da ƙimar kona mai kuma an zaɓa don injin yana cinye ƙaramin adadin mai ko man dizal.

Saboda haka, janareta na dizal da man fetur injuna bambanta da juna, domin ko da a cikin XX yanayin dole ne:

• cajin baturi (batir);
• tabbatar da aikin famfo mai;
• tabbatar da aiki na tsarin kunnawa.

Yana kama da janareta na mota

Wato a yanayin rashin aiki, injin yana cinye ɗan ƙaramin mai, kuma injin janareta yana samar da wutar lantarki ga masu amfani da shi wanda ke tabbatar da aikin injin. Ya zama wata muguwar da'irar, amma ba tare da shi ba zai yuwu a yi hanzari da sauri, ko ɗaukar saurin sauri, ko kuma a fara motsi a hankali.

Yaya injin yayi zaman banza

Don fahimtar yadda XX ya bambanta da aikin injin da ke ƙarƙashin kaya, yana da muhimmanci a bincika dalla-dalla aikin naúrar wutar lantarki. Injin mota ana kiransa da bugun jini guda hudu saboda zagayowar daya hada da keken keke guda hudu:

• shiga;
• matsawa;
• bugun jini na aiki;
• saki.

Waɗannan kekuna iri ɗaya ne akan kowane nau'in injunan motoci, ban da na'urori masu ƙarfin bugun jini guda biyu.

Mashigar ruwa

A lokacin bugun jini, fistan ya sauka, bawul ɗin ci ko bawul ɗin suna buɗe kuma injin da motsin piston ya haifar yana tsotse iska. Idan wutar lantarki sanye take da wani carburetor, da wucewa iska rafi yaga kashe microscopic droplets na man fetur daga jet da gauraye da su (Venturi sakamako), haka ma, da rabbai na cakuda dogara a kan iska gudun da diamita na diamita. jet.

A cikin raka'o'in allura, ana ƙaddamar da saurin iska ta hanyar firikwensin daidai (DMRV), ana aika karatun karatun zuwa naúrar sarrafa lantarki (ECU) tare da karatun sauran na'urori masu auna firikwensin.

Dangane da waɗannan karatun, ECU yana ƙayyade mafi kyawun adadin man fetur kuma ya aika da sigina zuwa masu allurar da aka haɗa da layin dogo, waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin matsin lamba. Ta hanyar daidaita tsawon lokacin siginar zuwa masu injectors, ECU yana canza adadin man da aka saka a cikin silinda.

Mass Air flow Sensor (DMRV)

Injin dizal suna aiki daban-daban, a cikin su babban famfo mai matsa lamba (TNVD) yana ba da man dizal a cikin ƙananan yanki, haka kuma, a cikin ƙirar ƙarni na farko, girman ɓangaren ya dogara da matsayin feda ɗin gas, kuma a cikin ƙarin ECUs na zamani, yana ɗauka. cikin lissafin sigogi da yawa. Sai dai babban abin da ya fi bambamta shi ne cewa ba a lokacin shanyewar jiki ake yi wa man fetur din ba, sai dai a karshen bugun jini, ta yadda iskar da ke da zafi ta rika kunna wutar da man dizal din da aka fesa.

Matsawa

A lokacin bugun jini, piston yana motsawa sama kuma zafin iska yana tashi. Ba duk direbobi ba sun san cewa mafi girman saurin injin, mafi girman matsin lamba a ƙarshen bugun bugun bugun jini, kodayake bugun piston koyaushe iri ɗaya ne. A karshen bugun jini a cikin injunan fetur, kunna wuta yana faruwa ne sakamakon tartsatsin da tartsatsin wuta ya samar (ana sarrafa shi) kuma a injunan dizal, fesa man dizal din ya tashi. Wannan yana faruwa ba da daɗewa ba kafin a kai ga babban mataccen cibiyar (TDC) na fistan, kuma lokacin amsa yana ƙayyade ta kusurwar juyawa na crankshaft ana kiransa lokacin kunnawa (IDO). Ana amfani da wannan kalmar har ma da injunan diesel.

Aiki bugun jini da saki

Bayan ƙonewar man fetur, bugun bugun jini na aiki yana farawa, lokacin da, a ƙarƙashin aikin cakuda iskar gas da aka saki a lokacin aikin konewa, matsa lamba a cikin ɗakin konewa yana ƙaruwa kuma piston yana matsawa zuwa crankshaft. Idan injin yana cikin yanayi mai kyau kuma an daidaita tsarin man fetur daidai, to tsarin konewa yana ƙarewa kafin farawar bugun jini ko kuma nan da nan bayan buɗe bututun mai.

Gas masu zafi suna fita daga silinda, saboda an raba su ba kawai ta hanyar ƙara yawan kayan konewa ba, har ma da piston da ke motsawa zuwa TDC.

Haɗa sanduna, crankshaft da pistons

Ɗayan babban rashin lahani na injin bugun bugun jini shine ƙaramin aiki mai amfani, saboda piston yana tura crankshaft ta hanyar haɗin haɗin gwiwa kawai kashi 25% na lokaci, sauran ko dai yana motsawa da ballast ko kuma yana cinye makamashin motsa jiki don matsa iska. Don haka, injunan silinda da yawa, waɗanda pistons ke tura crankshaft bi da bi, sun shahara sosai. Godiya ga wannan zane, tasirin mai amfani yana faruwa sau da yawa, kuma an ba da cewa crankshaft da sanduna masu haɗawa an yi su ne da ƙarfe na ƙarfe, ciki har da simintin ƙarfe, duk tsarin yana da matukar damuwa.

Pistons tare da zobe da sanduna masu haɗawa

Bugu da ƙari, an shigar da ƙaya tsakanin injin injin da akwatin gear (akwatin gear), wanda ke ƙara haɓakar tsarin kuma yana kawar da jerk ɗin da ke faruwa saboda amfani mai amfani na pistons. Yayin tuki a ƙarƙashin kaya, ana ƙara nauyin sassan gearbox da nauyin mota zuwa inertia na tsarin, amma a cikin yanayin XX duk abin da ya dogara da nauyin crankshaft, igiyoyi masu haɗawa da tashiwa.

Yi aiki a cikin yanayin XX

Don ingantaccen aiki a cikin yanayin XX, ya zama dole don ƙirƙirar cakuda man fetur-iska tare da wasu ma'auni, wanda, lokacin da aka ƙone, zai saki isasshen makamashi ta yadda janareta zai iya samar da makamashi ga manyan masu amfani. Idan a cikin yanayin aiki ana daidaita saurin jujjuyawar injin injin ta hanyar sarrafa fedar gas, to a cikin XX babu irin waɗannan gyare-gyare. A cikin injunan carburetor, yawan man fetur a yanayin XX ba su canzawa, saboda sun dogara da diamita na jets. A cikin injunan allura, ɗan gyara yana yiwuwa, wanda ECU ke aiwatarwa ta amfani da na'urar sarrafa saurin aiki (IAC).

Mai sarrafa saurin gudu mara aiki

A cikin injunan diesel na tsofaffin nau'ikan sanye take da famfon allura na inji, ana sarrafa XX ta amfani da kusurwar jujjuyawar sashin da ke haɗa kebul ɗin iskar gas, wato kawai suna saita mafi ƙarancin saurin da injin ɗin ke aiki da ƙarfi. A cikin injunan diesel na zamani, XX yana daidaita ECU, yana mai da hankali kan karatun firikwensin.

Mai rarrabawa da mai gyara injin injin kunnawa sun ƙayyade UOZ na injin carburetor

Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman ma'auni don ingantaccen aiki na sashin wutar lantarki a cikin yanayin aiki shine UOP, wanda dole ne ya dace da wani ƙima. Idan ka sanya shi karami, wutar za ta ragu, kuma idan aka ba da mafi karancin man fetur, aikin da aka yi na aikin wutar lantarki zai damu kuma zai fara girgiza, bugu da ƙari, matsi mai laushi a kan iskar gas na iya haifar da rufewar injin. , musamman tare da carburetor.

Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa iskar iskar ta fara karuwa, wato, cakuda ya zama maɗaukaki kuma kawai sai ƙarin man fetur ya shiga.

Me yasa yake tsayawa a zaman banza

Akwai dalilai da yawa da ke sa motar ta tsaya a banza, ko kuma injin yana yawo a bakin aiki, amma duk suna da alaƙa da aiki na tsarin da tsarin da aka bayyana a sama, saboda direban ba zai iya rinjayar wannan sigar daga taksi ba, yana iya danna iskar gas kawai. feda, canja wurin injin zuwa wani yanayin aiki. Mun riga mun yi magana game da ɓarna iri-iri na sashin wutar lantarki da tsarin sa a cikin waɗannan kasidu:

1. VAZ 2108-2115 motar ba ta da ƙarfi.
2. Me yasa motar ta tsaya a kan tafiya, sannan ta tashi ta ci gaba.
3. Motar ta tashi da zafi kuma ta tsaya - sababi da magunguna.
4. Motar ta fara kuma nan da nan ta tsaya lokacin sanyi - menene zai iya zama dalilai.
5. Me ya sa motar ta tayar da hankali, troit da stalls - abubuwan da suka fi dacewa.
6. Me yasa mota mai carburetor ke tsayawa lokacin da kake danna fedar gas.
7. Lokacin da ka danna fedal gas, motar da ke da injector ta tsaya - menene musabbabin matsalar.

Saboda haka, za mu ci gaba da magana game da dalilan da ya sa motar ta tsaya a banza.

Ruwan sama

Wannan nakasa kusan ba ya bayyana a cikin sauran hanyoyin aiki na naúrar wutar lantarki, saboda ana ba da man fetur da yawa a can, kuma raguwar saurin gudu ba koyaushe ake gani ba. A kan injunan allura, ana nuna ɗigon iska ta kuskuren “cakudadden gauraye” ko “fashewa”. Wasu sunaye suna yiwuwa, amma ka'ida ɗaya ce.

A kan injunan carburetor, idan motar ta tsaya a cikin ƙananan gudu, amma bayan cire kayan aikin tsotsa, an dawo da aikin barga, ganewar asali ba shi da tabbas - an shayar da iska maras tabbas a wani wuri.

Bugu da ƙari, tare da wannan rashin aiki, injin yakan yi rauni kuma yana samun ƙarfi sosai, kuma yana cinye mai da hankali sosai. Bayyanar matsalar akai-akai shine kururuwa da kyar ko mai ƙarfi, wanda ke ƙaruwa tare da ƙara saurin gudu.

Matsanancin matsi ko lalacewa ga bututun iska yana haifar da zubewar iska

Anan ga manyan wuraren da iskar yabo ke faruwa, saboda abin da motar ke tsayawa a banza:

• vacuum birki booster (VUT), kazalika da hoses da adaftan (duk motoci);
• gasket da yawa (kowane injuna);
• gasket karkashin carburetor (carburetor kawai);
• injin injin kunna wuta da kuma tiyonsa (carburetor kawai);
• matosai da nozzles.

Anan akwai algorithm na ayyuka waɗanda zasu taimaka gano matsala akan injin kowane nau'in:

1. Bincika a hankali duk hoses da adaftan su masu alaƙa da nau'in abin sha. Tare da injin yana gudana da dumi, kunna kowane bututu da adaftar kuma saurare, idan bugu ya bayyana ko aikin motar ya canza, to kun sami ɗigo.
2. Bayan tabbatar da cewa duk vacuum hoses da adaftar su suna cikin yanayi mai kyau, saurari don ganin idan na'urar wutar lantarki tana motsawa, sannan a hankali latsa fedar gas ko sashin famfo na carburetor / ma'auni / allura. Idan rukunin wutar lantarki ya sami kwanciyar hankali da yawa, wataƙila matsalar tana cikin gasket ɗin da yawa.
3. Bayan tabbatar da cewa gasket ɗin da aka ɗauka yana da kyau, gwada dawo da aikin barga tare da inganci da ƙima, idan ba su inganta halayen wutar lantarki ba, to, gas ɗin da ke ƙarƙashin carburetor ya lalace, tafin sa yana lanƙwasa, ko kuma gyaran goro suna sako-sako.
4. Bayan tabbatar da cewa duk abin da ke cikin tsari tare da carburetor, cire tiyo daga gare ta wanda ke zuwa madaidaicin wutar lantarki, mummunan lalacewa a cikin aikin naúrar wutar lantarki yana nuna cewa wannan bangare ma yana cikin tsari.
5. Idan duk binciken da aka yi bai taimaka wajen gano wurin da iskar ta tashi ba, saboda gudun faduwa da sauri kuma motar ta tsaya, sannan a tsaftace rijiyoyin kyandir da nozzles, sannan a zuba su da ruwan sabulu sannan a danna iskar gas da karfi. amma a takaice. Kumfa masu yawa da suka bayyana sun nuna cewa iska tana zubowa ta waɗannan sassan kuma ana buƙatar canza hatiminsu.

Mai kara kuzarin birki da tutocinsa kuma na iya tsotse iska.

Idan sakamakon duk cak ba shi da kyau, to, dalilin rashin kwanciyar hankali XX wani abu ne daban. Amma har yanzu yana da kyau a fara bincikar cutar tare da wannan cak don cire abubuwan da suka fi dacewa nan da nan. Ka tuna, ko da mota ya fi ko žasa barga a rago, amma yana tsayawa lokacin da kake danna iskar gas, to kusan ko da yaushe dalilin yana cikin zubar da iska, don haka ya kamata a fara ganewar asali ta hanyar gano wurin da ya zubar.

Rashin aikin wutan lantarki

Matsalolin wannan tsarin sun haɗa da:

• rauni mai rauni;
• babu walƙiya a cikin ɗaya ko fiye da silinda.

A kan motocin allura, dalilin rashin kwanciyar hankali XX an ƙaddara ta hanyar lambar kuskure, duk da haka, akan motocin carburetor, ana buƙatar cikakken bincike.

Duba ƙarfin walƙiya akan injin carburetor

Auna wutar lantarki a baturin, idan ya kasance ƙasa da 12 volts, kashe injin kuma cire tashoshi daga baturin, sannan a sake auna ƙarfin lantarki. Idan mai gwadawa ya nuna 13-14,5 volts, to sai a duba janareta kuma a gyara shi, saboda baya samar da adadin kuzarin da ake buƙata, idan ƙasa da haka, maye gurbin baturi kuma duba injin. Idan ya fara aiki mafi kwanciyar hankali, to, mafi kusantar saboda ƙarancin wutar lantarki an sami rauni mai rauni, wanda ba shi da inganci ya kunna cakuda iska-man.

Fusoshin furanni

Bugu da kari, muna ba da shawarar cewa ka gudanar da cikakken bincike na injin, saboda rashin ingantaccen aiki na ƙonewa a cikin ƙarfin lantarki sama da 10 volts shine sau da yawa bayyanar cututtuka daban-daban.

Gwajin walƙiya a cikin duk silinda (kuma ya dace da injunan allura)

Babban alamar rashin tartsatsi a cikin ɗaya ko fiye da silinda shine rashin kwanciyar hankali na sashin wutar lantarki a ƙananan gudu da matsakaici, duk da haka, idan kun jujjuya shi har zuwa babba, motar tana aiki kullum ba tare da kaya ba. Bayan tabbatar da cewa ƙarfin walƙiya ya wadatar, fara da dumama rukunin wutar lantarki, sannan cire wayoyi masu sulke daga kowane kyandir ɗaya bayan ɗaya kuma kula da halayen motar. Idan ɗaya ko fiye da silinda ba sa aiki, to cire waya daga kyandir ɗinsu ba zai canza yanayin aikin injin ɗin ba. Bayan gano na'urorin da ba su da lahani, kashe injin ɗin kuma ku cire kyandir ɗin daga gare su, sa'an nan kuma saka kyandir ɗin a cikin daidaitattun wayoyi masu sulke kuma sanya zaren akan injin.

Fara injin ɗin ku duba idan tartsatsin wuta ya bayyana akan kyandir ɗin, idan ba haka ba, sanya sabbin kyandir ɗin, idan kuma babu sakamako, sake kashe injin ɗin sannan ku saka kowace waya mai sulke a cikin ramin murɗa bi da bi sannan a bincika ta sami tartsatsi. Idan tartsatsi ya bayyana, to, mai rarrabawa ba daidai ba ne, wanda ba ya rarraba nau'i-nau'i masu yawa zuwa kyandirori masu dacewa kuma sabili da haka injin yana tsayawa a banza. Don gyara matsalar, maye gurbin:

• gawayi tare da marmaro;
• murfin mai rarrabawa;
• darjewa.

Dubawa da cire tartsatsin wayoyi

A kan injinan allura, musanya wayoyi da waɗanda suke aiki daidai. Idan, bayan haɗa waya mai sulke zuwa nada, tartsatsi ba ya bayyana, maye gurbin duk saitin wayoyi masu sulke, kuma (zai fi dacewa, amma ba lallai ba ne) sanya sabbin kyandirori.

A kan injunan allura, rashin tartsatsi mai kyau tare da wayoyi masu kyau (duba su ta hanyar sake tsarawa) yana nuna lalacewa ga coil ko coils, don haka dole ne a maye gurbin naúrar mai ƙarfin lantarki.

Daidaita bawul mara daidai

Wannan rashin aiki yana faruwa ne kawai akan motocin da injina ba su da na'urorin hawan ruwa. Ba tare da la'akari da ko an danne bawul ɗin ko an buga ba, a yanayin XX man fetur yana ƙonewa ba tare da inganci ba, don haka motar ta tsaya a ƙananan gudu, saboda makamashin motsin da na'urar ta fitar bai isa ba. Don tabbatar da cewa matsalar tana cikin bawul ɗin, kwatanta amfani da man fetur da haɓakawa kafin matsalar tare da idling kuma yanzu, idan waɗannan sigogi sun yi tsanani, dole ne a bincika sharewa kuma, idan ya cancanta, gyara.

Don duba injin sanyi, cire murfin bawul (idan an haɗa wasu sassa zuwa gare ta, alal misali, kebul na magudanar ruwa, sannan fara cire haɗin su). Sa'an nan, juya da hannu ko tare da mai farawa (a cikin wannan yanayin, cire haɗin tartsatsin walƙiya daga na'ura mai kunnawa), saita bawul ɗin kowane silinda ɗaya bayan ɗaya zuwa wurin da aka rufe. Sannan auna ratar tare da bincike na musamman. Kwatanta ƙimar da aka samu tare da waɗanda aka nuna a cikin umarnin aiki don motar ku.

Daidaitawar bawuloli

Alal misali, ga engine ZMZ-402 (da aka shigar a kan Gazelle da Volga), mafi kyau duka ci da shaye bawul yarda ne 0,4 mm, da kuma K7M engine (shigar da Logan da sauran Renault motoci). Matsakaicin zafin jiki na bawul ɗin sha shine 0,1-0,15, da shayewar 0,25-0,30 mm. Ka tuna, idan mota ta tsaya a banza, amma fiye ko žasa da kwanciyar hankali a babban gudu, to ɗayan abubuwan da suka fi dacewa shine kuskuren bawul ɗin zafi.

Aikin carburetor mara daidai

Carburetor yana sanye da tsarin XX, kuma motoci da yawa suna da na'urar tattalin arziki wanda ke yanke wadatar mai yayin tuki a cikin kowane kayan aiki tare da fedar gas ɗin da aka saki gabaɗaya, gami da lokacin birki na injin. Don bincika aikin wannan tsarin kuma tabbatarwa ko ware rashin aikin sa, rage kusurwar jujjuyawar magudanar tare da fedar iskar gas ɗin da aka saki gabaɗaya har sai ya rufe. Idan tsarin da ba shi da aiki yana aiki da kyau, to ba za a sami canji ba face raguwar saurin gudu. Idan motar ta tsaya a banza lokacin yin irin wannan magudi, to wannan tsarin carburetor ba ya aiki yadda yakamata kuma yana buƙatar bincika.

Carburetor

A wannan yanayin, muna ba da shawarar tuntuɓar mai gogaggen mai ko carburetor, saboda ba shi yiwuwa a ƙirƙiri umarni ɗaya don kowane nau'in carburetor. Bugu da kari, baya ga rashin aiki na carburetor da kansa, dalilin da ya sa motar ta tsaya a wurin aiki na iya zama bawul din tattalin arziki na tilastawa (EPKhH) ko kuma wayar da ke samar da wutar lantarki zuwa gare ta.

Motar ita ce tushen girgiza mai ƙarfi wanda ke da cikakkiyar tasiri ga carburetor da bawul ɗin EPHX, don haka yana yiwuwa ana iya yin asarar sadarwar lantarki tsakanin tashoshi na waya da bawul.

Karanta kuma: Yadda za a saka ƙarin famfo akan murhun mota, me yasa ake buƙata

Ba daidai ba aiki na mai tsara XX

Na'urar sarrafa iska mara aiki tana aiki da tashar kewayawa (bypass) ta hanyar da man fetur da iska ke shiga ɗakin konewar da ke wuce ma'aunin wuta, don haka injin ɗin yana aiki koda lokacin da ma'aunin ya cika. Idan XX ba shi da kwanciyar hankali ko motar ta tsaya a banza, akwai dalilai 4 kacal:

• toshe tashar da jiragensa;
• IAC mara kyau;
• rashin kwanciyar hankali na wutar lantarki na waya da tashoshi na IAC;
• ECU rashin aiki.

Don gano ko ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan kurakuran, muna ba da shawarar tuntuɓar ƙwararrun kayan aikin mai, saboda duk wani kuskure na iya haifar da aiki mara kyau ko karyewar taron ma'auni.

ƙarshe

Idan motar ta tsaya a ƙananan gudu, yana da matukar muhimmanci a gaggauta ƙayyade dalilin wannan hali da kuma aiwatar da gyaran da ya dace. Yin watsi da wannan matsala yakan haifar da gaggawa, misali, ya zama dole a bar mahadar da sauri don yin hayaniya da guje wa karo da abin hawa na gabatowa, amma, bayan matsananciyar matsa lamba akan iskar gas, injin ya tsaya.

Dalilai 7 da yasa motar ta tsaya a banza)))