Waiwaye na Philippines 1944-1945
Jiragen saukar jiragen ruwa dauke da sojoji sun tunkari rairayin bakin teku na Leyte a ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 1944. An zaɓi gabar tekun gabashin tsibirin don saukarwa, kuma rukuni huɗu na gawawwaki biyu suka sauka a kai - duk daga Sojojin Amurka. Rundunar Marine Corps, in ban da rukunin bindigogi, ba su shiga ayyukan da ake yi a Philippines ba.
Babban aikin sojojin ruwa na Allied a cikin Pacific shine yakin Philippine, wanda ya dade daga kaka 1944 zuwa bazara 1945. asararsu ta jiki duka daga mahangar daraja da tunani. Bugu da kari, kusan an yanke Japan daga tushen albarkatunta a Indonesia, Malaya da Indochina, kuma Amurkawa sun sami tushe mai ƙarfi don tsalle na ƙarshe - zuwa tsibiran gida na Japan. Yaƙin Philippines na 1944-1945 shine kololuwar aikin Douglas MacArthur, Ba'amurke janar na “tauraro biyar”, ɗaya daga cikin manyan kwamandojin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Pacific.
Douglas MacArthur (1880-1962) ya kammala karatun summa cum laude daga West Point a cikin 1903 kuma an sanya shi zuwa Corps of Engineers. Nan da nan bayan kammala karatunsa, ya tafi Philippines, inda ya gina gine-ginen soja. Ya kasance kwamandan kamfanin sapper a Fort Leavenworth a Amurka kuma ya yi tafiya tare da mahaifinsa (manjo Janar) zuwa Japan, Indonesia da Indiya a 1905-1906. A cikin 1914, ya shiga cikin balaguron azabtarwa na Amurka zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa na Veracruz na Mexico a lokacin juyin juya halin Mexico. An ba shi lambar yabo ta girmamawa saboda ayyukan da ya yi a yankin Veracruz kuma nan da nan aka kara masa girma zuwa Major. Ya halarci yakin yakin duniya na farko a matsayin babban hafsan hafsoshin soja na runduna ta 42, ya kai matsayin kanar. Daga 1919-1922 ya kasance kwamandan Kwalejin Soja ta West Point tare da mukamin Birgediya Janar. A cikin 1922, ya koma Philippines a matsayin kwamandan yankin soji na Manila sannan kuma kwamandan Brigade na 23 na Infantry. A 1925 ya zama Manjo Janar kuma ya koma Amurka don ya zama kwamandan rundunar sojojin 1928 a Atlanta, Georgia. Daga 1930-1932, ya sake yin aiki a Manila, Philippines, sannan kuma, a matsayinsa na ƙarami, ya ɗauki mukamin babban hafsan hafsoshin sojojin Amurka a Washington, yayin da ya kai matsayin janar na taurari huɗu. Tun da XNUMX, Major Dwight D. Eisenhower ya kasance mataimaki na Janar MacArthur-de-sansanin.
A cikin 1935, lokacin da MacArthur ya zama Babban Hafsan Sojojin Amurka ya ƙare, Philippines ta sami 'yancin kai na ɗan lokaci, kodayake ta ɗan dogara ga Amurka. Shugaban Philippine na farko bayan samun 'yancin kai, Manuel L. Quezon, abokin mahaifin Douglas MacArthur, ya tunkari na karshen don neman taimakon shirya sojojin Philippines. Ba da daɗewa ba MacArthur ya isa ƙasar Filifin kuma ya karɓi matsayin Marshal na Philippine, yayin da ya kasance janar na Amurka. A ƙarshen 1937, Janar Douglas MacArthur ya yi ritaya.
A cikin Yuli 1941, lokacin da Shugaba Roosevelt ya kira Sojojin Philippines zuwa hidimar tarayya a fuskantar barazanar yaki a cikin Pacific, ya sake nada MacArthur don yin aiki tare da matsayi na Laftanar Janar, kuma a cikin Disamba ya sami matsayi na dindindin. matsayi na janar. Aikin hukuma na MacArthur shine Kwamandan Sojojin Amurka a Gabas Mai Nisa - Sojojin Amurka a Gabas Mai Nisa (USAFFE).
Bayan kare ban mamaki na Philippines a ranar 12 ga Maris, 1942, wani dan kunar bakin wake na B-17 ya tashi MacArthur, matarsa da dansa, da da yawa daga cikin jami'an ma'aikatansa zuwa Australia. Ranar 18 ga Afrilu, 1942, an ƙirƙiri sabon umarni - Kudu maso yammacin Pacific - kuma Janar Douglas MacArthur ya zama kwamandan. Shi ne ke da alhakin ayyukan sojojin kawance (mafi yawancin Amurkawa) daga Ostiraliya ta hanyar New Guinea, Philippines, Indonesia zuwa gabar tekun China. Yana daya daga cikin umarni biyu a cikin Pacific; yanki ne mai yawan fili, don haka aka sanya wani janar na sojojin kasa a kan wannan kwamandan. Bi da bi, Admiral Chester W. Nimitz shi ne ke kula da Central Pacific Command, wanda yankunan teku ke mamaye da kananan tsibirai. Sojojin Janar MacArthur sun yi tafiya mai tsawo da taurin kai zuwa New Guinea da tsibirin Papua. A cikin bazara na 1944, lokacin da daular Japan ta riga ta fara fashe a cikin kabu, tambaya ta taso - menene na gaba?
Ƙarin Shirye-shiryen Ayyuka
A cikin bazara na 1944, ya riga ya bayyana ga kowa da kowa cewa lokacin da Japan ta sha kashi na karshe ya gabato. A fagen aiwatar da Janar MacArthur, an shirya mamayewa Philippines tun da farko, sannan a kan Formosa (yanzu Taiwan). An kuma yi la'akari da yiwuwar kai hari ga gabar tekun China da Japan ta mamaye kafin su mamaye tsibiran na Japan.
A wannan mataki, an tabo tattaunawa kan ko zai yiwu a ketare kasar Philippines da kuma kai hari kan Formosa kai tsaye a matsayin wani sansani mai dacewa da za a kai wa Japan hari. Adm ya kare wannan zabin. Ernest King, Babban Hafsan Sojan Ruwa a Washington (watau babban kwamandan sojojin ruwa na Amurka) da kuma - na dan lokaci - da Janar George C. Marshall, Babban Hafsan Sojan Amurka. Duk da haka, yawancin kwamandojin tekun Pacific, da farko Janar MacArthur da 'yan majalissarsa, sun dauki wani hari a kan Philippines - saboda dalilai da yawa. Adm. Nimitz ya karkata zuwa ga hangen nesa na Janar MacArthur, ba hangen nesa na Washington ba. Akwai dalilai masu yawa na dabaru, siyasa da kuma manyan dalilai na wannan, kuma a game da Janar MacArthur ma an yi zargin (ba tare da dalili ba) cewa yana da wata manufa ta kansa; Filifin ya kasance kusan gidansa na biyu.
