Iyayen Silicon Valley - Hewlett da Packard
Idan wani ya cancanci zama majagaba na Silicon Valley na California, tabbas waɗannan mutane biyu ne (1). Daga gare su ne da aikinsu, Hewlett-Packard, cewa babban ra'ayin fara fasahar da aka fara a gareji ya zo. Domin a zahiri sun fara ne a cikin gareji wanda har wa yau, HP ya saya kuma ya mayar da shi, ya tsaya a matsayin wurin shakatawa a Palo Alto.
CV: William Redington Hewlett David Packard
Ranar haihuwa: Hewlett - 20.05.1913/12.01.2001/07.09.1912 (Gyara 26.03.1996/XNUMX/XNUMX) David Packard - XNUMX/XNUMX/XNUMX (Gyara XNUMX/XNUMX/XNUMX)
Ƙasar: Ba'amurke
Matsayin iyali: Hewlett - aure, yara biyar; Packard - aure, yara hudu
Sa'a: dukkansu sun mallaki kusan dala biliyan XNUMX HP a lokacin mutuwarsu
Ilimi: Hewlett - Lowell High School a San Francisco, Jami'ar Stanford; Packard - Makarantar Sakandare ta Centennial a Pueblo, Colorado, Jami'ar Stanford
Kwarewa: Wadanda suka kafa Hewlett-Packard da membobin jagoranci na dogon lokaci (a cikin mukamai daban-daban)
Ƙarin nasarori: masu karɓar lambar yabo ta IEEE Founders Medal da sauran lambobin yabo na fasaha da yawa; Packard kuma an ba shi lambar yabo ta Shugabancin Amurka na 'Yanci kuma ya yi rajista ɗaya daga cikin wuraren Intanet na farko, HP.com.
Abubuwan sha'awa: Hewlett - fasaha; Packard - sababbin hanyoyin sarrafa kamfani, sadaka
HP Founders - Dave Packard da William "Bill" Hewlett - Sun hadu a Jami'ar Stanford, inda a cikin shekarun 30, wata kungiya karkashin jagorancin Farfesa Frederick Terman ta kera na'urorin lantarki na farko.
Sun yi aiki tare sosai, don haka bayan sun yi karatu a jami'a sun yanke shawarar fara kera ingantattun na'urorin sarrafa sauti a garejin Hewlett.
A cikin Janairu 1939 suka kafa kamfanin tare Hewlett-Packard. Injin sauti na HP200A aikin ne mai riba.
Amfani da kwan fitila azaman resistor a cikin mahimman abubuwan kewayawa yana nufin ana iya siyar da samfurin akan ƙasa da na'urori makamantan masu fafatawa.
Ya isa a faɗi cewa farashin HP200A ya kai $54,40, yayin da oscillators na ɓangare na uku farashin aƙalla sau huɗu.
Dukansu maza da sauri sun sami abokin ciniki don samfurin su, kamar yadda Kamfanin Walt Disney ya yi amfani da kayan aikin da suka tsara wajen samar da shahararren fim din "Fantasy".
Al'adar kwari
A bayyane yake, ya kamata a tantance tsarin sunayen da ke cikin sunan kamfani ta hanyar jefar da tsabar kudi. Packard ya yi nasara amma a karshe ya amince ya karbi ragamar mulki Hewlett. Da yake tunawa da fara kamfanin, Packard ya ce a lokacin ba su da wani babban tunani da zai kai su ga yin arziki da ci gaban da aka samu.
Maimakon haka, suna tunanin kawo abubuwan da ba a kai kasuwa ba tukuna, amma ana buƙata. A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, an bayyana cewa gwamnatin Amurka na neman na'urorin janareta da na'urorin wutar lantarki da mazaje biyu za su iya kerawa. Sun samu oda.
Haɗin kai da sojojin ya yi nasara sosai kuma yana da fa'ida wanda daga baya, a cikin 1969. Packard ya bar kamfanin na dan lokaci don zama mataimakin sakataren tsaro a gwamnatin shugaba Richard Nixon.
Tun farkon wanzuwarsa, HP Dave Packard ya kware a ayyukan da suka shafi gudanar da kamfani, yayin da William Hewlett ya mai da hankali kan bangaren fasaha wajen bincike da ci gaba.
Tuni a cikin shekarun yaƙi, Packard a cikin rashi Hewlett, wanda ya kammala aikin soja, ya gwada tsarin aiki a cikin kamfanin. Ya watsar da tsayayyen jadawalin aiki kuma ya ba ma'aikata ƙarin 'yanci. Matsayin da ke cikin kamfanin ya fara daidaitawa, an rage nisa tsakanin gudanarwa da ma'aikata.
An haifi takamaiman al'adun kamfanoni na Silicon Valley, wanda Hewlett da Packard Ita ce uwa ta kafa, kuma ana daukar masu yin ta a matsayin uba. Shekaru da yawa, HP ya fi samar da na'urorin lantarki don masana'antun lantarki da cibiyoyin bincike da ci gaba.
Da farko, shi ne high-karshen aunawa kayan aiki - oscilloscopes, voltmeters, bakan analyzers, janareta na daban-daban iri. Kamfanin yana da nasarori da yawa a wannan fanni, ya gabatar da sababbin hanyoyin warwarewa da ƙirƙira ƙirƙira.
An ƙera kayan aunawa don babban mita (ciki har da microwave), semiconductor da fasahar kewayawa. An yi taron bita daban-daban don samar da kayan aikin injin lantarki, semiconductor, gami da haɗaɗɗun da'irori da microprocessors, da na'urorin lantarki.
An ƙirƙiri tarurrukan bita don kera kayan aikin likitanci na lantarki (misali, masu lura da zuciya ko na'urar lantarki), da kuma aunawa da na'urorin tantance buƙatun kimiyya, misali. gas, ruwa da taro spectrometers. Manyan dakunan gwaje-gwaje da cibiyoyin bincike da suka hada da NASA, DARPA, MIT da CERN, sun zama abokan cinikin kamfanin.
A cikin 1957, an jera hannun jarin kamfanin a kasuwar hada-hadar hannayen jari ta New York. Jim kadan bayan haka, HP ta yi haɗin gwiwa tare da Sony na Japan da Yokogawa Electric don haɓakawa da kera samfuran lantarki masu inganci don kasuwar mabukaci.
"A lokacin daga 1955 zuwa 1965. Hewlett-Packard watakila shi ne kamfani mafi girma a tarihi,” in ji Michael S. Malone, marubucin littattafai game da jaruman Silicon Valley (3). "Suna da irin matakin kirkire-kirkire da Apple ya yi a shekaru goma da suka gabata, kuma a lokaci guda shi ne kamfani mafi abokantaka da ma'aikata a Amurka wanda ke da kwarin gwiwa a cikin matsayi."
1. Tsohon Dave Packard da Bill Hewlett
3. William Hewlett da David Packard a cikin 50s.
Kwamfuta ko kalkuleta
A cikin rabin na biyu na 60s, HP ya mayar da hankalinsa ga kasuwar kwamfuta. A cikin 1966, an ƙirƙiri kwamfutar HP 2116A (4), wacce aka yi amfani da ita don sarrafa ayyukan awo. Bayan shekaru biyu, ya bayyana a kasuwa. Hewlett-Packard 9100A, wanda shekaru da yawa daga baya mujallar Wired ta sanya masa suna a matsayin kwamfuta ta farko (6).
6. Hewlett-Packard 9100A mai lissafin kwamfuta
Duk da haka, masana'anta da kansa bai ayyana shi a matsayin haka ba, yana kiran na'urar a matsayin kalkuleta. "Idan muka kira ta kwamfuta, abokan cinikinmu na guru na kwamfuta ba za su so ta ba saboda ba ta yi kama da IBM ba," Hewlett ya bayyana daga baya.
An sanye shi da na'ura mai duba, firinta da ƙwaƙwalwar maganadisu, 9100A a zahiri bai bambanta da kwamfutocin da muke amfani da su a yau ba. Kwamfuta ta farko ta “hakika” na sirri Hewlett-Packard duk da haka bai samar da shi ba sai 1980. Bai samu nasara ba.
Na'urar ba ta dace da ma'aunin IBM PC na lokacin ba. Duk da haka, wannan bai hana kamfanin yin ƙarin yunƙuri a cikin kasuwar kwamfuta ba. Wani lamari mai ban sha'awa shi ne cewa a cikin 1976 kamfanin ya raina samfurin kwamfutar tebur da ya zo da ...
Steve Wozniak. Nan da nan bayan haka, ya kafa Apple tare da Steve Jobs, wanda, yana da shekaru goma sha biyu, William Hewlett da kansa ya kiyasta a matsayin yaro mai hazaka! "Daya ya ci nasara, ɗayan kuma ya yi asara," daga baya Hewlett yayi sharhi game da tafiyar Wozniak da kuma alamun rashin sanin makamar kasuwanci na na ƙarƙashinsa.
A fagen kwamfutoci, HP ya ba Apple damar wuce gona da iri. Duk da haka, fifiko Hewlett-Packard a cikin nau'in lissafin aljihu, babu wanda ke da tambayoyi. A cikin 1972, an ƙirƙiri na farko na lissafin aljihun kimiyya HP-35 (2).
A cikin shekarun da suka biyo baya, kamfanin ya ci gaba a hankali: na'urar lissafi na farko da za a iya tsara aljihu da kuma na'urar lissafi na alphanumeric na farko. Injiniyoyin HP ne, tare da abokan aikin Sony, sun kawo wa kasuwa faifan floppy mai inci 3,5, wanda ya kasance mai kirkire-kirkire a wancan lokacin kuma ya kawo sauyi ga tsarin ajiya.
Bugawa Hewlett-Packard dauke da m. Daga nan sai kamfanin ya yi takara a matsayin jagoran kasuwar IT tare da IBM, Compaq da Dell. Ko ta yaya, daga baya HP ya ci kasuwa ba kawai da nasa ƙirƙira ba. Misali, ya sami fasahar buga Laser a cikin 70s daga kamfanin Canon na Japan, wanda bai gamsu da ra'ayinsa ba.
Kuma wannan shine dalilin da ya sa, godiya ga yanke shawara na kasuwanci da ya dace da kuma fahimtar yiwuwar sabon bayani, HP yanzu ya shahara a kasuwa na kwamfuta. A farkon 1984, ya gabatar da HP ThinkJet, firinta na sirri mara tsada, kuma bayan shekaru huɗu, HP DeskJet.
2. HP-35 kalkuleta 1972.
4. 2116A - Kwamfuta ta farko ta Hewlett-Packard
Raba ku hade
Sakamakon matakin da hukumomi suka dauka a kan kamfanin bisa zarginsa da aikata laifuffuka, an raba kamfanin ne a shekarar 1999 kuma an kirkiro wani reshe mai zaman kansa mai suna Agilent Technologies, wanda zai mallaki kamfanonin da ba na kwamfuta ba.
yau Hewlett-Packard da farko ƙera na'urorin bugu, na'urar daukar hoto, kyamarar dijital, kwamfutoci masu hannu, sabobin, wuraren aiki na kwamfuta, da kwamfutoci don gida da ƙananan kasuwanci.
Yawancin kwamfutoci na sirri da littattafan rubutu a cikin fayil ɗin HP sun fito ne daga layin samarwa na Compaq, wanda ya haɗu da HP a cikin 2002, wanda ya mai da shi mafi girma na PC a lokacin.
Shekarar kafuwar Agilent Technologies Hewlett-Packard ya kai dala biliyan 8 kuma yana da ayyuka 47. mutane. Nan da nan (sake) an jera shi akan musayar hannun jari kuma an gane shi azaman babban halarta a karon a Silicon Valley.
Kura?
A wannan shekarar, Carly Fiorina, mace ta farko Shugabar manyan kamfanonin jama'ar Amurka, ta mallaki hedkwatar kamfanin Palo Alto. Abin takaici, wannan ya faru ne a lokacin da ake fama da matsalar tattalin arziki sakamakon fashewar kumfa ta Intanet.
5. Cibiyar Bincike ta Hewlett-Packard a Faransa
An kuma soki lamirin hadewarta da Compaq, lokacin da aka bayyana cewa hadewar kamfanoni biyu masu karfi ya haifar da manya-manyan matsalolin kungiya maimakon tanadi.
Hakan ya ci gaba har zuwa shekara ta 2005, inda mahukuntan kamfanin suka nemi ta yi murabus.
Tun daga nan aiki Hewlett da kuma Packard magance canza farin ciki. Bayan rikicin, sabon shugaban kamfanin Mark Hurd ya gabatar da matsananciyar wahala, wanda ya inganta sakamakon kamfanin.
Ƙarshen, duk da haka, ya kasance da kyau a kasuwanni na gargajiya, yana yin rikodin ƙarin rashin nasara a cikin sababbin wurare - wannan ya ƙare, alal misali, ƙoƙari na shiga kasuwar kwamfutar hannu.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kamfanin ya canza tsarin gudanarwa sau biyu, ba tare da cimma sakamakon da ake sa ran ba. Mafi yawan maganar da ake yi a baya-bayan nan shi ne, HP na son ficewa daga kasuwar PC, kamar IBM, wanda da farko ya karkatar da kasuwancinsa na PC, sannan ya sayar wa Lenovo.
Amma da yawa masu lura da ayyukan Silicon Valley suna jayayya cewa tushen matsalolin HP dole ne a samo su zuwa wani lokaci da yawa kafin mugayen ayyukan manajoji na kwanan nan. Tuni a baya, a cikin 90s, kamfanin ya haɓaka ta hanyar ayyukan kasuwanci, saye da rage farashin, kuma ba - kamar yadda a baya ba, a lokacin gwamnatoci. Packard tare da Hewlett – ta hanyar ƙirƙirar sabbin na’urori waɗanda mutane da kamfanoni ke buƙata.
Hewlett da Packard sun mutu kafin duk labaran da ke sama su fara faruwa a kamfaninsu. Na karshe ya mutu a 1996, na farko a 2001. Kusan lokaci guda, ƙayyadaddun al'adun abokantaka na ma'aikata tare da sunan gargajiya, Hanyar HP, ya fara ɓacewa a cikin kamfanin. Labarin ya rage. Da kuma garejin katako inda matasa biyu masu sha'awar kayan lantarki suka hada janareta na farko.
