Babban tankin yaki Strv-103
Abubuwa
Babban tankin yaki Strv-103(S-Tank ko Tank 103)
A halin yanzu sojojin Sweden suna buƙatar sabbin manyan tankuna 200-300. An tattauna zabuka guda uku don magance wannan matsala: ko dai ka ƙirƙiri sabon tanki naka, ko kuma ka sayi adadin tankunan da ake buƙata a ƙasashen waje (kusan dukkan manyan ƙasashen da ke gina tankunan suna ba da tankunansu), ko kuma shirya samar da wani zaɓaɓɓen tankin da ke ƙarƙashin lasisi ta amfani da wasu. Yaren mutanen Sweden sassa a cikin zane. Don aiwatar da zaɓi na farko, Bofors da Hoglund sun shirya ƙungiyar da ta ɓullo da shawarwarin fasaha don ƙirƙirar tanki na Stridsvagn-2000. Tanki mai nauyin ton 58 tare da ma'aikatan jirgin 3, babban juzu'i mai girma (yiwuwar 140 mm), igwa mai atomatik 40mm wanda aka haɗa tare da shi, bindigar kariyar jirgin sama mai girman mm 7,62, yakamata ya kasance yana da kariya ta sulke na na'urar zamani. zane wanda ke ba da babban matakin tsaro. Motsi na tanki bai kamata ya zama mafi muni fiye da na manyan tankuna na zamani ba saboda amfani da injin dizal 1475 hp. tare da., watsawa ta atomatik, dakatarwar hydropneumatic, wanda ke ba da damar, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, don canza matsayi na kusurwa na na'ura a cikin jirgin sama mai tsayi. Don rage lokaci da kuɗi don haɓakawa, ya kamata a yi amfani da abubuwan da ake da su a cikin ƙira: injin, watsawa, bindigogi, abubuwa na tsarin sarrafa wuta, kariya daga makaman kare dangi, da dai sauransu, amma kawai taron chassis, babban kayan aiki. kuma ya kamata a ƙirƙiri mai ɗaukar nauyin sa ta atomatik. A ƙarshen 80s, kamfanonin Sweden Hoglund da Bofors sun fara haɓaka tanki na Stridsvagn-2000, wanda aka shirya don maye gurbin tsohon Centurion. Har ma an yi wani nau'i mai girman rai na wannan tanki, amma a cikin 1991 jagorancin Ma'aikatar Tsaro ya rufe aikin Stridsvagn-2000 dangane da shawarar da gwamnatin Sweden ta yanke na siyan babban tankin yaƙi a ƙasashen waje.
M1A2 "Abrams", "Leclerc tankuna" da kuma "Damisa-2" sun halarci gasa gwaje-gwaje. Koyaya, Jamusawa sun ba da mafi kyawun sharuɗɗan bayarwa, kuma motarsu ta zarce tankunan Amurka da Faransa a gwaje-gwaje. Tun 1996 da Leopard-2 tankuna fara shiga cikin Swedish kasa sojojin. A farkon 80s, ƙwararrun ƙwararrun Sweden sun ƙirƙira kuma sun gwada samfuran tanki mai haske, wanda aka keɓe SHE5 XX 20 (ana kuma kiransa mai lalata tanki) Babban makamansa shine bindigar smoothbore na Jamus 120-mm (tare da birki na Bofors muzzle). An sanya shi a saman jikin motar da aka sa ido a gaba, wanda kuma ke ɗaukar ma'aikatan (mutane uku). Mota ta biyu tana da injin dizal mai nauyin 600 hp. tare da., harsashi da man fetur. Tare da jimlar fama da nauyin fiye da ton 20, wannan tanki ya kai gudun har zuwa 60 km / h yayin gwaje-gwaje a kan ƙasa mai dusar ƙanƙara, amma ya kasance a cikin matakin samfurin. A shekara ta 1960, kamfanin Bofors ya karbi umarni na soja don samfurori 10, kuma a 1961 ya gabatar da samfurori guda biyu. Bayan inganta tank da aka sanya a cikin sabis a karkashin nadi "5" da kuma sanya a cikin samar a 1966.
Saboda hanyoyin da ba a saba gani ba, masu zanen kaya sun gudanar da haɗakar tsaro mai girma, wutar lantarki da kuma motsi mai kyau a cikin tanki tare da iyakacin iyaka. Abubuwan da ake buƙata don haɗa babban tsaro da wutar lantarki a cikin ƙirar tanki tare da motsi mai kyau tare da ƙayyadaddun ƙira sun gamsu da masu zanen kaya da farko saboda sabbin hanyoyin shimfidar wuri. Tankin yana da tsari maras kyau tare da shigar da "casemate" na babban kayan aiki a cikin kwandon. An shigar da bindiga a cikin takardar ƙwanƙwasa ta gaba ba tare da yiwuwar yin famfo a tsaye da a kwance ba. Ana gudanar da jagorancinsa ta hanyar canza matsayi na jiki a cikin jirage biyu. A gaban na'urar akwai sashin injin, a bayanta akwai sashin kula da shi, wanda shi ma yana fama. A cikin dakin da ake zaune a hannun dama na bindigar akwai kwamanda, na hagu kuma direban ne (shi ma dan bindiga ne), a bayansa, yana fuskantar bayan motar, ma'aikacin rediyo ne.
Kwamandan yana da 208° turret mai ƙarancin ƙira tare da murfin ƙyanƙyashe guda ɗaya. Nauyin motar yana dauke da na'urar lodin bindiga ta atomatik. Tsarin shimfidar wuri da aka amince da shi ya ba da damar sanya bindiga mai girman mm 105 mai lamba 174 wanda Bofors ya kera a cikin ƙaramin ƙarami. Idan aka kwatanta da ƙirar tushe, an ƙara ganga 174 zuwa calibers 62 (a kan 52 calibers ga Ingilishi). Bindigar tana da birki mai jujjuyawar ruwa da kuma mashin ruwa; tsira ganga - har zuwa 700 harbi. Load ɗin harsashi ya haɗa da harbe-harbe guda ɗaya tare da ƙaramin juzu'in sulke, tarawa da harsashi hayaƙi. Harsashin da aka ɗauka shine harsashi 50, daga cikinsu - 25 tare da harsashi masu ƙarfi, 20 tare da tarawa da 5 tare da hayaki.
Rashin motsi na bindiga dangane da jiki ya sa ya yiwu a yi amfani da mai sauƙi mai sauƙi da abin dogara na atomatik, wanda ya tabbatar da ƙimar fasaha na bindigar har zuwa 15 zagaye / min. Lokacin sake loda bindigar, harsashin harsashi da aka kashe ana fitar da shi ta ƙyanƙyashe a ƙarshen tankin. A hade tare da ejector da aka sanya a tsakiyar ɓangaren ganga, wannan yana rage yawan gurɓataccen iskar gas na ɗakin da ake zaune. Ana sake loda lodi ta atomatik da hannu ta ƙyanƙyashe biyu kuma yana ɗaukar mintuna 5-10. Jagorar bindiga a cikin jirgin sama na tsaye ana aiwatar da shi ta hanyar juyawa na tsaye na ƙugiya saboda dakatarwar hydropneumatic daidaitacce, a cikin jirgin sama na kwance - ta hanyar juya tanki. Bindigogi guda biyu mai girman 7,62mm tare da harsashi 2750 suna hawa a gefen hagu na farantin gaba a cikin katafaren akwati mai sulke. Jiki ne ke gudanar da jagorancin bindigogin na'ura, watau bindigogin na'ura suna taka rawar coaxial tare da igwa, bugu da kari, an sanya gunkin na'urar gani mai girman mm 7,62 a hannun dama. Kwamanda ko direban tanka ne ke harba bindigogi da bindigogi. Wani bindigu kuma yana ɗora kan tururuwan sama da ƙyanƙyasar kwamandan abin hawa. Daga gare ta za ku iya harba duka a iska da kuma a wuraren hari na ƙasa, ana iya rufe turret da garkuwa masu sulke.
Kwamandan abin hawa da direban suna da na'urorin gani da aka haɗe ORZ-11, tare da haɓaka mai canzawa. An gina simintin Laser na Simrad a cikin ganin maharin. Na'urar kwamanda tana daidaitawa a cikin jirgin sama a tsaye, kuma tururuwan sa yana cikin jirgin a kwance. Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da tubalan periscope masu musanyawa. Kwamandan yana da tubalan hudu - an shigar da su tare da kewayen kwamandan kwamandan, direba daya (a hagu na ORZ-11), masu aiki na rediyo biyu. Na'urorin gani da ke kan tankin an rufe su da sulke masu sulke. Ana tabbatar da tsaro na injin ba kawai ta hanyar kauri daga cikin sulke na welded hull ba, har ma da manyan kusurwoyi na karkatar da sassan sulke, da farko farantin gaba na sama, ƙananan yanki na gaba da tsinkayar gefe. , da kasa mai siffa. Muhimmin abu shine ƙarancin gani na abin hawa: daga cikin manyan tankunan yaƙi a sabis, wannan motar yaƙi tana da mafi ƙarancin silhouette. Don kare kai daga kallon abokan gaba, manyan bindigogi masu harba gurneti mai girman mm 53 masu ganga hudu suna a gefen kwamandan kwamandan. A cikin jirgin akwai ƙyanƙyashe don kwashe ma'aikatan. Kunna tanki Hakanan an shigar da igwa 81P / -103 a cikin takardar gaban gaban ba tare da yuwuwar yin famfo a tsaye da a kwance ba. Ana gudanar da jagorancinsa ta hanyar canza matsayi na jiki a cikin jirage biyu.
Halayen wasan kwaikwayon na babban tankin yaki STRV - 103
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A karon farko cikin shekarun bayan yakin, ba a samar da sabbin tankunan yaki a Sweden ba. A shekarar 1953, an sayo tankuna 80 Centurion Mk 3 dauke da bindigogi 83,4 mm, wanda aka nada 51P/ -81, daga Birtaniya, kuma daga baya an sayi tankokin Centurion MK 270 kimanin 10 MK 105 dauke da bindigogi 50 mm. Duk da haka, waɗannan injunan ba su cika gamsar da sojojin Sweden ba. Saboda haka, tun daga tsakiyar 8,3s, an fara bincike akan yiwuwar da kuma dacewa don ƙirƙirar tanki na mu. A lokaci guda, jagorancin soja ya ci gaba daga ra'ayi mai zuwa: tanki wani abu ne mai mahimmanci a cikin tsarin tsaro na Sweden a halin yanzu da kuma a nan gaba, musamman don kare wuraren budewa a kudancin kasar da kuma tare da tsarin tsaro na Sweden. bakin tekun Baltic Sea. Siffofin Sweden ƙaramin jama'a (mutane miliyan 450000) tare da babban yanki (kilomita XNUMX)2), tsawon iyakokin (kilomita 1600 daga arewa zuwa kudu), shingen ruwa da yawa (sama da tafkuna 95000), ɗan gajeren lokaci na hidima a cikin sojoji. Sabili da haka, tankin Sweden ya kamata ya sami kariya mafi kyau fiye da tankin Centurion, ya zarce shi a cikin wutar lantarki, kuma motsi na tanki (ciki har da ikon shawo kan matsalolin ruwa) yakamata ya kasance a matakin mafi kyawun samfuran duniya. Dangane da wannan ra'ayi, an haɓaka tanki 51P / -103, wanda kuma aka sani da tanki "5".
