Babban tankin yaki RT-91 Twardy Yaren mutanen Poland Twardy - wuya. A lokacin yakin bayan yakin, Poland ta zama muhimmiyar cibiyar masana'antu da ta kware wajen kera manyan motocin yaki masu sulke. A baya can, bisa la'akari da haɗin gwiwa a karkashin yarjejeniyar Warsaw, an samar da tankuna a Poland a ƙarƙashin lasisin da Tarayyar Soviet ta ba. Don haka, ba a yarda a tsoma baki tare da ƙirar tankunan da aka samar don inganta su ba. Wannan yanayin ya ci gaba har zuwa shekarun 80, lokacin da dangantaka tsakanin Poland da USSR ta ƙarshe ta lalace. Yanke alakar siyasa, tattalin arziki da na soji ya tilastawa 'yan sanda daukar matakai masu zaman kansu domin kiyaye matakin fasaha da aka samu. motocin yaki, da kuma ceto masana'antar sojan cikin gida. Ci gaban da aka samu ta wannan hanyar ya sami sauƙi ta hanyar ci gaba da ci gaba da ci gaba da ci gaba ta hanyar cibiyoyi na bincike na ɗayan kamfanonin soja. A cikin marigayi 1980s da farkon 1990s, a Poland, a kan tushen da data kasance tankuna T-72 aiki ya fara a kan halittar gida tank, wanda ya kai ga bayyanar prototypes na RT-91 "Twardy" tank. Wadannan motocin suna dauke da sabon tsarin kula da kashe gobara, sabbin na’urorin lura (ciki har da na dare) ga kwamanda da maharan bindiga, da na’urar kashe gobara daban-daban da na’urar kariya ta harsashi, da kuma ingantacciyar injin. Kusan har zuwa farkon shekarun 80s, shuke-shuken na'ura na Poland sun samar da injuna don tankuna na jerin "T" bisa ga takardun lasisi. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, tuntuɓar masu ginin injin da bangaren Rasha sun fara raunana kuma a ƙarshe sun rabu a ƙarshen 80s da farkon 90s. A sakamakon haka, Yaren mutanen Poland masana'antun dole ne da kansa warware matsalolin da suka shafi na zamani na engine, wanda ya zama dole saboda m inganta tank T-72. Injin da aka haɓaka, wanda aka keɓance 512U, ya ƙunshi ingantaccen tsarin samar da mai da iska da haɓaka ƙarfin dawakai 850. s., da kuma tanki da wannan engine zama da aka sani da RT-91 "Tvardy". Ƙarfafawar ƙarfin injin ya sa ya yiwu a ɗan biya diyya ga karuwar yawan yawan tankin, wanda ya kasance saboda shigar da makamai masu amsawa (ƙirar Poland). Domin injin da ke da kwampreta na inji, ƙarfin shine 850 hp. tare da. ya kasance matsananci, don haka aka yanke shawarar yin amfani da kwampreso da kuzarin iskar gas ɗin da ke fitar da su ke motsawa. An yi amfani da irin wannan ingantaccen bayani shekaru da yawa a cikin motocin yaƙi na ƙasashen waje. The engine tare da sabon kwampreso samu nadi 5-1000 (lamba 1000 nuna ɓullo da dawakai) da aka yi nufi ga shigarwa a kan RT-91A da RT-91A1 tankuna. Tsarin kula da wuta, wanda aka ƙirƙira musamman don tanki na RT-91, yana la'akari da saurin manufa, nau'in harsashi, ma'aunin yanayin yanayi, zafin jiki na propellant da matsayin dangi na layin da aka sa gaba da axis. na gun. Don sa ido cikin dare, ana amfani da na'urorin hangen nesa na dare. Tankin yana da firikwensin matsayi don madubi na gani dangane da turret, tsarin servo don motsi ta atomatik na alamar da ke cikin jirgin sama a kwance. Ana nuna sakamakon auna nisa zuwa manufa ta atomatik a matsayin kwamandan tanki. Tsarin na iya aiki a atomatik, manual da yanayin gaggawa. Har ila yau, tankin yana da na'urar DRAWA ta atomatik. An samu karuwar tsaron tankunan ta hanyar amfani da ERAWA reactive sulke, wanda aka haɓaka a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Soja-Technical of Armaments. Wannan sulke yana samuwa a nau'i biyu, ya bambanta da adadin abubuwan fashewa. Ƙananan sassan sulke suna haɗe zuwa turret, ƙugiya da allon gefe. A kan tankuna na T-72 (da makamantan su), an rataye sassan 108 a kan turret, 118 akan kwandon da 84 akan kowane allon gefen karfe. Cikakken kariya ta haka shine 9 m2. Abubuwan fashewar da ke cikin sassan sulke masu amsawa baya fashewa lokacin da 7,62-14,5 mm caliber cartridges da gutsuttssun harsashi har zuwa 82 mm caliber. Har ila yau, sulke mai amsawa baya mayar da martani ga kona napalm ko mai. A cewar masu haɓaka, sulke yana rage zurfin shigar da jet ɗin tarawa da kashi 50-70%, da ikon shigar da ƙananan ma'auni - ta 30-40%. Dabaru da fasaha halaye na tanki RT-91 "Tvardy" Yaki nauyi, т 43,5 Ma'aikata, mutane 3 Girma, mm: tsayi tare da gun gaba 9530 nisa 3460 tsawo 2190 yarda 470 Armor   tsinkaya Makamai:   125-mm smoothbore cannon 2A46; 12,7 mm NSV anti-jirgin inji; 7,62mm PKT inji gun Boek saitin:   harbi 36 Injin "Will" 5-1000, 12-Silinda, V-dimbin yawa, dizal, turbocharged, ikon 1000 hp Tare da da 2000 rpm. Pressureayyadadden matsin lamba, kg / cm   Babbar hanya km / h 60 Gudun tafiya a kan babbar hanya Km 400 Abubuwan da ke hana yin nasara: tsayin bango, м 0,80 zurfin rami, м 2,80 zurfin jirgin, м 1,20 Sources: G.L. Kholyavsky "The Complete Encyclopedia na Duniya Tankuna 1915 - 2000"; M. Baryatinsky "Matsakaici da manyan tankuna na kasashen waje 1945-2000"; PT-91 Hard [GPM 310]; Czolg sredni PT-91 "Twardy" (T-91 babban tanki); Sabuwar Dabarar Soja; Jerzy Kajetanowicz. PT-91 Twardy babban tankin yaki. "Tafiya".