Babban tankin yaki M60
M60A3 shine sigar samarwa ta ƙarshe kafin gabatar da manyan tankunan yaƙi na M1 Abrams a halin yanzu. M60A3 yana da na'urar ganowa ta Laser da kwamfuta mai sarrafa wuta ta dijital.
Ranar 14 ga Janairu, 1957, Kwamitin Gudanar da Harkokin Kasuwanci, mai aiki a cikin XNUMXs a cikin sojojin Amurka, ya ba da shawarar cewa za a sake yin la'akari da ci gaba da bunkasa tankuna. Bayan wata guda, babban hafsan hafsan sojojin Amurka na lokacin, Janar Maxwell D. Taylor, ya kafa wata kungiya ta musamman don kera makaman tankokin nan gaba ko makamantan motocin yaki - ARCOVE, watau. ƙungiya ta musamman don ɗaukar tanki na gaba ko makamancin wannan motar yaƙi.
A cikin Mayu 1957, ƙungiyar ARCOVE ta ba da shawarar yin amfani da tankunan yaƙi da makamai masu linzami bayan 1965, kuma aikin da aka yi kan bindigogi na al'ada ya iyakance. A sa'i daya kuma, ya kamata a kera sabbin nau'ikan makamai masu linzami masu shiryarwa, aikin tankunan da kansu kuma dole ne a mai da hankali kan samar da ingantaccen tsarin kula da gobara da zai iya aiki dare da rana, kan kare motoci masu sulke da amincin ma'aikatan.
Ɗaya daga cikin ƙoƙari na ƙara ƙarfin wuta na M48 Patton shine amfani da bindigogi daban-daban da aka saka a cikin gyare-gyaren tururuwa. Hoton yana nuna T54E2, wanda aka gina akan chassis na tankin M48, amma dauke da bindigar Amurka 140-mm T3E105, wanda, duk da haka, bai shiga samarwa ba.
A cikin watan Agustan 1957, Janar Maxwell D. Taylor ya amince da wani shiri na haɓaka sabbin tankuna waɗanda za su fi dogara da shawarwarin ARCOVE. Har zuwa 1965, an ajiye nau'o'in tankuna uku (tare da 76 mm, 90 mm da 120 mm makamai, watau masu sauƙi, matsakaita da nauyi), amma bayan 1965 motoci masu sauƙi na sojojin jiragen sama ya kamata su kasance da makamai kawai tare da MBT. Za a yi amfani da babban tankin yaƙin duka don tallafa wa sojojin da ke motsa jiki da kuma gudanar da ayyuka a cikin zurfin aiki na ƙungiyar abokan gaba, da kuma wani ɓangare na ƙungiyoyin bincike. Don haka ya kamata a haɗa sifofin matsakaicin tanki (ayyukan motsa jiki) da tanki mai nauyi (tallafin sojan sama), kuma tanki mai haske (ayyukan bincike da lura) yakamata ya shiga cikin tarihi, wanda aka maye gurbinsa a cikin wannan rawar da babban tankin yaki, wanda ya kasance matsakaicin nau'in matsakaici da manyan motoci. A lokaci guda kuma, an zaci cewa, tun da farko, za a yi amfani da sabbin tankuna da injinan dizal.
A cikin binciken su, ƙungiyar ARCOVE tana da sha'awar haɓakar motocin Soviet masu sulke. An yi nuni da cewa, kungiyar ta Gabas ba wai kawai za ta sami tagomashi mai yawa a kan sojojin kasashen kungiyar tsaro ta NATO ba, har ma za ta samu fa'ida mai inganci a fagen mallakar makamai. Don kawar da wannan barazanar, an ɗauka cewa kashi 80 cikin dari. yuwuwar bugun maƙasudi da bugun farko, a tazarar yaƙi tsakanin tankuna. An yi la'akari da zaɓuɓɓuka daban-daban don yin amfani da tankuna, a wani lokaci ma an ba da shawarar a yi amfani da tankuna da makamai masu linzami masu linzami maimakon bindiga na gargajiya. A gaskiya ma, sojojin Amurka sun gangara wannan hanya tare da ƙirƙirar tsarin rigakafi na Ford MGM-51 Shillelagh, wanda za a tattauna dalla-dalla daga baya. Bugu da ƙari, an jawo hankali ga yuwuwar zayyana mashinan harbi mai santsi tare da babban saurin laka, daidaitawa tare da tarnaƙi.
Koyaya, mafi mahimmancin shawarwarin shine a watsar da rarraba tankuna zuwa azuzuwan. Duk wani aikin tanka da ke cikin runduna masu sulke da injiniyoyi za a yi su ne ta wani nau'in tanki guda ɗaya, wanda ake kira babban tankin yaƙi, wanda zai haɗa ƙarfin wuta da kariyar sulke na babban tanki tare da motsi, motsa jiki da motsi na matsakaicin tanki. An yi imani da cewa wannan shi ne mai yiwuwa, wanda aka nuna da Rasha a lokacin da samar da iyali tankuna T-54, T-55 da kuma T-62. Nau'in tanki na biyu, tare da iyakanceccen amfani, shine ya zama tanki mai haske ga sojojin da ke cikin iska da na'urorin leken asiri, wanda za'a daidaita shi don jigilar iska da digo na parachute, wani sashi wanda aka kera akan tunanin tankin. Jirgin Soviet PT-76, amma ba a yi niyya don wannan dalili ba, ya zama tanki mai iyo, amma yana iya saukowa daga iska. Wannan shine yadda aka kirkiro M551 Sheridan, tare da gina 1662.
Injin Diesel
Juyin mulkin sojan Amurka zuwa injin dizal ya kasance a hankali kuma saboda gaskiyar cewa sashin dabaru ne ya yanke shawarar, ko kuma, kwararru a fannin samar da man fetur. A cikin watan Yunin 1956, an gudanar da bincike mai tsanani kan injunan kunna wutan lantarki a matsayin hanyar rage yawan man da ake amfani da shi na motocin yaki, amma sai a watan Yunin 1958 ne Ma'aikatar Sojan kasar, a wani taro kan manufofin man fetur na Sojojin Amurka, ta ba da izini. amfani da man dizal a baya na Sojojin Amurka. Abin sha'awa, babu wata tattaunawa a Amurka game da wutar lantarki mai haske (man fetur) da kuma yiwuwar tankuna don kunna wuta idan an buge su. Wani bincike da Amurka ta yi kan shan kashin da tankunan yaki suka yi a yakin duniya na biyu ya nuna cewa ta fuskar wuta da tankokin da aka yi bayan an kai musu hari, harsashinsa ya fi hadari, musamman ganin cewa ya haddasa fashewa da wuta kai tsaye a cikin wurin fada, kuma ba a bayan bangon wuta ba.
Kwamitin Kula da Makamashi na Amurka ne ya fara samar da injinan dizal na sojan Amurka a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu, 1954, bisa la’akari da cewa sabuwar tashar wutar lantarki za ta yi daidai da na’urar injin mai na AV-1790 na Continental. .
Ka tuna cewa injin AV-1790 da aka gwada shine injin V-twin gas mai sanyaya iska wanda Continental Motors of Mobile, Alabama, yayi a cikin 40s. Silinda goma sha biyu a cikin tsari na 90° V suna da jimlar adadin lita 29,361 tare da bugu ɗaya da bugun jini 146 mm. Yana da hudu-bugun jini, carbureted engine tare da matsawa rabo na 6,5, tare da kasa supercharging, yin la'akari (dangane da version) 1150-1200 kg. Ya samar da 810 hp. da 2800 rpm. Wani ɓangaren wutar lantarki ya cinye ta fanin injin da ke samar da sanyaya tilas.
