Leclerc babban tankin yaki
Leclerc babban tankin yaki
Tankin Leclerc dangane da manyan kaddarorin yaƙinsa (ƙarfin wuta, motsi da kariyar sulke) ya fi tankin AMX-30V2. An kwatanta shi da babban matakin jikewa tare da na'urorin lantarki, wanda farashinsa ya kai kusan rabin farashin tanki da kansa. An yi tankin Leclerc bisa ga tsarin gargajiya tare da babban makami a cikin turret mai sulke mai jujjuyawa, sashin sarrafawa a gaban kwalta, da sashin watsa injin a bayan abin hawa. A cikin turret zuwa hagu na bindigar shine matsayi na kwamandan tanki, a dama shine mai harbi, kuma an shigar da na'ura ta atomatik a cikin niche.
Sassan gaba da na gefe na hull da turret na tankin Leclerc an yi su ne da sulke masu yawa tare da amfani da gaskets da aka yi da kayan yumbu. A gaban ƙwanƙolin, ƙirar kariyar sulke an yi amfani da wani bangare. Yana da manyan abũbuwan amfãni guda biyu a kan sigar al'ada: na farko, idan ɗaya ko fiye samfurori sun lalace, za'a iya maye gurbin su cikin sauƙi ko da a cikin filin, kuma na biyu, a nan gaba yana yiwuwa a shigar da kayayyaki da aka yi da makamai masu mahimmanci. An ba da kulawa ta musamman don karfafa kariyar rufin hasumiyar, musamman daga alkawurran da aka dauka na rigakafin tankokin yaki da suka afkawa tankin daga sama. An lulluɓe gefuna na ƙwanƙwasa da allunan sulke na sulke, sannan kuma an rataye akwatunan ƙarfe a ɓangaren gaba, waɗanda ke da ƙarin sulke.
Tank "Leclerc" yana sanye da tsarin kariya daga makaman kare dangi. A cikin yanayin shawo kan wuraren gurɓataccen ƙasa a cikin rukunin fada tare da taimakon na'urar tacewa, ana haifar da matsa lamba mai yawa don hana ƙurar rediyo ko abubuwa masu guba shiga cikin tsaftataccen iska. The survivability na Leclerc tanki kuma yana ƙaruwa ta hanyar rage silhouette, kasancewar wani atomatik high-gudun wuta kashe tsarin a cikin fama da injin-watsa compartments da lantarki (maimakon na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa) tafiyarwa don nufin bindiga, kazalika da raguwa a cikin sa hannu na gani saboda ƙarancin hayaki lokacin da injin ke gudana. Idan ya cancanta, ana iya sanya allon hayaki ta hanyar harbin gurneti a nesa har zuwa 55 m a cikin sashin gaba har zuwa 120 °.
Tankin yana sanye da tsarin faɗakarwa (ƙarararrawa) game da hasken wuta tare da katako na Laser ta yadda ma'aikatan za su iya aiwatar da abin da ya dace na motar nan da nan don guje wa fuskantar wani makamin da ya jagoranta. Har ila yau, tanki yana da tsayin daka sosai a kan m ƙasa. Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa ta ba da umarnin tankunan Leclerc da ke dauke da injin da aka kera a Jamus da rukunin watsawa, wanda ya hada da injin mai karfin 1500 MTU 883 da kuma na'urar watsawa ta atomatik daga Renk. Yin la'akari da aiki a cikin yanayin hamada, tankuna suna sanye take da tsarin kwandishan don sashin fada. Tankuna biyar na farko daga jerin UAE sun shirya a cikin Fabrairu 1995. Biyu daga cikinsu an kai wa abokin ciniki ta jirgin sama a cikin jirgin saman fasinja na Rasha An-124, sauran ukun kuma sun shiga makarantar sulke da ke Saumur.
Baya ga UAE, an kuma ba da tankunan Leclerc ga sauran abokan ciniki a Gabas ta Tsakiya. A cikin wannan kasuwa, kamfanonin Faransa da ke kera makamai suna aiki sosai cikin nasara shekaru da yawa. A sakamakon haka, Qatar da Saudi Arabia sun zama masu sha'awar Leclercs, inda gyare-gyare daban-daban na tankunan M60 na Amurka da AMX-30 na Faransa suna aiki a halin yanzu.
Aiki halaye na babban yaki tank "Leclerc"
A kowane lokaci na yini, kwamandan tanki yana amfani da kallon gani na panoramic H1-15 wanda aka ɗora akan rufin turret zuwa hagu na bindiga. Yana da tashar gani na rana da dare ɗaya (tare da haɓaka hoto na ƙarni na uku). Har ila yau, kwamandan yana da nunin da ke nuna hoton talabijin daga wurin maharin. A cikin kwamandan kwamanda, akwai tubalan gilashi takwas a kusa da kewayen, suna ba da ra'ayi ko'ina game da filin.
Kwamandan tanki da bindiga suna da duk abubuwan da ake buƙata (falaye, hannaye, consoles). Tankin Leclerc yana da alaƙa da kasancewar ɗimbin hanyoyin lantarki, musamman na'urorin ƙididdiga na dijital (microprocessors), waɗanda ke sarrafa duk manyan tsarin da kayan aikin tanki. Wadannan suna haɗin haɗin kai ta hanyar bas ɗin bayanan multixx na tsakiya: kwamfuta na dijital ballistic kwamfuta na tsarin kula da wuta (an haɗa shi da duk na'urori masu auna firikwensin yanayin harbe-harbe, nuni da ƙwanƙwasa na kwamandan kwamandan da na'urorin gunner), microprocessors na kwamandan da gunner's gani, bindigogi da coaxial inji gun-atomatik loader, inji da kuma watsa, direban iko bangarori.
Babban makamin tankin Leclerc shine SM-120-120 26-mm smoothbore gun tare da tsayin ganga na calibers 52 (don bindigogin tankunan M1A1 Abrams da Leopard-2 yana da calibers 44). Ganga tana sanye da murfin da ke hana zafi. Don ingantaccen harbi yayin motsi, bindigar tana daidaitawa a cikin jiragen jagora guda biyu. lodin harsashi ya haɗa da harbe-harbe tare da huda sulke masu gashin fuka-fuki tare da faifan da za a iya cirewa da kuma bawo mai zafi. Tushen huda makami na farko (tsawo zuwa diamita rabo 20:1) yana da saurin farko na 1750 m/s. A halin yanzu, ƙwararrun ƴan ƙasar Faransa suna kera wani injin featherile mai girman sulke mai girman milimita 120 tare da ruɓewar tushen uranium da wani babban fashe-fashe mai fashe don yaƙi da jirage masu saukar ungulu na yaƙi. Siffar tankin Leclerc shine kasancewar na'ura mai ɗaukar nauyi ta atomatik, wanda ya ba da damar rage ma'aikatan zuwa mutane uku. Creusot-Loire ne ya ƙirƙira shi kuma an sanya shi a cikin babban hasumiya. Akwatin harsashin na’urar ta hada da harsashi guda 22, sauran 18 kuma suna cikin akwatin harsashi irin na ganga a hannun dama na direban. Mai ɗaukar kaya ta atomatik yana ba da ƙimar wuta mai amfani na zagaye 12 a cikin minti ɗaya lokacin harbi duka biyu daga tsayawa da tafiya.
Idan ya cancanta, ana kuma bayar da lodawa da hannu. Kwararrun Amurkawa suna la'akari da yiwuwar yin amfani da wannan na'ura ta atomatik akan tankunan Abrams na duk gyare-gyare bayan mataki na uku na zamani. A matsayin makaman taimako akan tankin Leclerc, ana amfani da coaxial mashin mai lamba 12,7mm tare da igwa da kuma bindigar hana jiragen sama mai nauyin 7,62mm da aka ɗora a bayan ƙyanƙyasar bindigar kuma ana sarrafa ta daga nesa. Harsashi, bi da bi, 800 da 2000. A ɓangarorin sama na hasumiya, ana ɗora na'urorin harba gurneti a cikin shinge na musamman masu sulke ( gurneti huɗu na hayaƙi a kowane gefe, jami'ai uku na kariya da biyu don ƙirƙirar tarko na infrared). Tsarin kula da kashe gobara ya haɗa da hangen nesa na masu harbi da kwamandan tanki tare da daidaitawa masu zaman kansu na filayen kallonsu a cikin jirage biyu tare da ginanniyar ƙirar laser. Gani mai harbin bindiga yana gefen dama na turret. Ya ƙunshi tashoshi optoelectronic guda uku: gani na rana tare da haɓaka mai canzawa (2,5 da 10x), hoton zafi da talabijin. Matsakaicin nisa zuwa ga maƙasudi, wanda aka auna ta hanyar mai binciken Laser, ya kai 8000 m Don lura, ganowa da gano maƙasudin, da kuma harba majigi tare da pallet ɗin da za a iya cirewa (a nesa na 2000 m) da kuma tarin tsinkaya (1500 m). ).
A matsayin injin wutar lantarki na tankin Leclerc, ana amfani da injin dizal mai sanyaya ruwa mai sanyaya V8X-8 mai lamba 1500-Silinda. Ana yin shi a cikin toshe ɗaya tare da watsawa ta atomatik EZM 500, wanda za'a iya maye gurbinsa cikin mintuna 30. Tsarin matsi, wanda ake kira "hyperbar", ya haɗa da turbocharger da ɗakin konewa (kamar injin turbine). Yana haifar da matsa lamba mafi girma don haɓaka ƙarfin injin sosai yayin haɓaka halayen juzu'i. Watsawa ta atomatik tana ba da saurin gaba biyar da baya biyu. Tankin Leclerc yana da kyakkyawar amsawar magudanar ruwa - yana haɓaka zuwa saurin 5,5 km / h a cikin daƙiƙa 32. Siffar wannan tankin Faransanci shine kasancewar dakatarwar hydropneumatic, wanda ke tabbatar da motsi mai santsi da mafi girman yuwuwar saurin juzu'i akan hanyoyi da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙasa. Da farko, an shirya siyan tankunan Leclerc 1400 ga sojojin ƙasa na Faransa. Duk da haka, da canji a cikin soja-siyasa halin da ake ciki lalacewa ta hanyar rugujewar soja kungiyar na Warsaw Pact, da aka nuna a cikin bukatun sojojin Faransa a cikin tankuna: oda ya rage zuwa 1100 raka'a, wanda aka yi nufi ga babban part. remamen runduna guda shida masu sulke (motoci 160 kowannensu), za a kai tankokin yaki 70 zuwa makarantun ajiye da tankokin yaki. Yana yiwuwa waɗannan lambobin za su canza. Kimanin kudin tanki daya shine franc miliyan 29. An yi nufin tanki na wannan nau'in don shirin maye gurbin AMX-30 na tsufa. A farkon shekarar 1989, an ba da umarni na farko (raka'a 16) na tankunan Leclerc na samar da kayayyaki tare da fara isarwa ga sojojin a ƙarshen 1991. Gwaje-gwajen soja na wadannan motoci a matakin tawagar tanka ya yi a shekarar 1993. A shekarar 1995 ne aka kammala aikin na farko na tanka, sannan kuma a shekarar 1996 aka kammala rukunin farko na sulke. Sources:
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A karshen 70s, Faransa da Jamus kwararru fara hadin gwiwa samar da wani sabon tanki (Napoleon-1 da kuma KRG-3 shirye-shirye, bi da bi), amma a 1982 da aka daina. A Faransa, duk da haka, an ci gaba da aikin samar da nasu tanki na ƙarni na uku. Bugu da ƙari, kafin bayyanar samfurin, an ƙirƙira kuma an gwada irin waɗannan tsarin ƙasa kamar headhead da dakatarwa. Babban mai haɓaka tanki, wanda ya karɓi sunan "Leclerc" (bayan sunan janar na Faransa a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu), ƙungiya ce ta jiha. Serial samar na Leclerc tankuna ana gudanar da su ta jihar arsenal dake cikin birnin Roan.
