Bayanin antifreeze G11, G12 da G13

Abubuwan da ake amfani da su don kwantar da injin motar ana kiransu antifreezes. Dukkansu suna da ƙarancin daskarewa kuma ana amfani da su a cikin tsarin sanyaya mota. Ya kamata a la'akari da cewa sun kasance iri ɗaya a cikin abun da ke ciki, amma akwai wasu nuances a cikin fasahar kera su, ƙasashe daban-daban sun haɓaka ƙayyadaddun nasu don sanyaya. Mafi mashahuri antifreezes na Volkswagen G11, G12 da G13 auto damuwa. Za mu yi nazari dalla-dalla dalla-dalla halaye da aikace-aikacen waɗannan ruwaye da ingantaccen amfani da su don kare motar gwargwadon iko daga ɓarnawar da ba a zata ba.

Nau'in nau'in maganin daskarewa na nau'in G

Duk antifreezes sun ƙunshi kusan 90% ethylene glycol ko propylene glycol. Sun kuma ƙara game da 7% additives da abubuwa tare da anti-kumfa da anti-cavitation Properties. Additives suna da tushe daban-daban na sinadarai. Wasu ana yin su daga gishiri na inorganic acid, kamar silicates, nitrites, phosphates. Wasu, ta hanyar haɗakar sinadarai, sun ƙunshi kwayoyin halitta da acid carboxylic. Har ila yau, a cikin duniyar zamani, abubuwan da ke tattare da su daga cakuda gishiri na kwayoyin halitta da inorganic acid sun bayyana. Don ƙayyade bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin su, an raba su zuwa nau'i hudu: gargajiya, carboxylate, hybrid, lobrid.

Tun lokacin da aka gabatar da maganin daskarewa na farko na G11 daga Volkswagen a shekarar 1984, fasaha ta ci gaba, godiya ga wannan, alamar G12 antifreeze ta bayyana kuma a cikin 2012, godiya ga yaƙin muhalli, G13 antifreeze an saki daga samfuran da ba su dace da muhalli ba.

Maganin daskare na farko na G11, kamar Tosol, na maganin daskarewa ne na gargajiya. Suna amfani da mahaɗan inorganic a matsayin ƙari: silicates, phosphates, borates, nitrites, nitrates, amines, wanda ke samar da Layer mai kariya kuma yana hana lalata. Fim ɗin kariyar da yake ƙirƙira yana ƙoƙarin rugujewa na tsawon lokaci, yana jujjuya shi zuwa ƙaƙƙarfan abrasive wanda ke toshe tashoshin ruwa kuma yana haifar da lalacewa ga radiator ko famfo. Rayuwar rayuwar waɗannan ruwaye ba ta daɗe ba, suna hidima ba fiye da biyu, shekaru uku ba. Layer na kariya da suka samar yana lalata canjin zafi, wanda ke haifar da cin zarafi na ma'aunin zafin jiki, saboda haka, a cikin 1996, alamar G12 ta bayyana tare da ƙari daga Organic da acid carboxylic.

Ka'idar kula da lalata a cikin G12 antifreezes ya dogara ne akan tasirin kai tsaye akan yanki mai lalacewa. Additives daga kwayoyin halitta da kuma carboxylic acid ba su samar da fim mai kariya a saman tsarin ba, amma suna aiki kai tsaye a kan mayar da hankali da ya taso, wanda ke nufin cewa ba su kare tsarin ba, amma kawai suna taimakawa wajen magance matsalar da aka riga aka kafa. . Rayuwar sabis na irin wannan maganin daskarewa daga shekaru uku zuwa biyar.

A cikin G12 + maganin daskarewa, masana'antun sun yanke shawarar kawar da ƙarancin kariyar injin kuma sun yanke shawarar haɗa kaddarorin silicate da fasahohin carboxylate, ƙirƙirar cakuda matasan wanda, ban da acid carboxylic, kusan 5% na abubuwan ƙari. Kasashe daban-daban suna amfani da sinadarai daban-daban: nitrites, phosphates ko silicates.

A shekara ta 2008, wani nau'in antifreezes G12 ++ ya bayyana, godiya ga ingantaccen tsari, ya haɗu da duk fa'idodin Organic da inorganic acid. Kariyar lalatawar tsarin sanyaya, ganuwar injin, tare da shi ya fi girma.

Fasaha ta ci gaba kuma an maye gurbin masu sanyaya ethylene glycol da masu sanyaya propylene glycol, bisa tushen yanayin muhalli. Antifreeze G13, kamar G12 ++, na da nau'in lobrid, ya ƙunshi propylene glycol barasa da kuma ma'adinai Additives, saboda abin da suka yi wani lubricating da anti-lalata aiki, ba crystallize a karkashin rinjayar low yanayin zafi da kuma da fairly high. tafasar batu, kada ku cutar da sassan da aka yi da roba da polymers.

Ana fentin kowane nau'in maganin daskarewa a cikin launuka daban-daban, amma har ma da launi ɗaya, daga masana'antun daban-daban, abun da ke ciki na iya bambanta sosai. Mafi yawan tabo na maganin daskarewa na gargajiya shine shudi ko kore. Carboxylate yana da launin ja, orange ko ruwan hoda. Sabbin antifreezes, propylene glycol, ana fentin shunayya ko rawaya.

Hadawa antifreezes, iri daban-daban

Don zaɓar maganin daskarewa wanda ke da kyau a cikin abun da ke ciki, kuna buƙatar la'akari da abin da injin da radiator na motarku suka yi, tunda abubuwan da aka haɗa a cikin abun da ke ciki sun bambanta da aluminum, tagulla ko sassan jan ƙarfe, zaku iya buƙatar maye gurbin. ruwa da wuri-wuri, ba tare da la’akari da lokacin dacewarsa ba. A hankali karanta ƙayyadaddun bayanan motar ku kuma zaɓi maganin daskarewa daidai da ajin haƙuri da aka nuna akan lakabin.

Lokacin ƙara maganin daskarewa, kuna buƙatar dogara ba akan launi na ruwa ba, amma akan alamar sa, don kada ku haɗa nau'ikan sinadarai daban-daban waɗanda ke cikin abubuwan ƙari.

Ka tuna cewa idan kun haɗu da ruwa na daban-daban abun da ke ciki, babu wani abu mara kyau zai iya faruwa, amma hazo mai yiwuwa ne, kuma maganin daskarewa ba zai iya jimre wa babban ayyukansa ba, da wuri-wuri za a buƙaci cikakken maye gurbin, kuma mai yiwuwa ba kawai maganin daskarewa ba. kanta.