Operation Husky part 1
Jirgin saukar LCM mai saukarwa ya tashi daga gefen USS Leonard Wood yana kan rairayin bakin teku na Sicily; 10 ga Yuli, 1943
Dangane da yaƙe-yaƙe na baya waɗanda tarihi ya ba da fifiko, kamar Operation Overlord, saukar Allied a Sicily na iya zama kamar ƙaramin al'amari. Duk da haka, a lokacin rani na 1943, babu wanda ya yi tunani game da shi. Operation Husky shi ne matakin farko da kawayen Yamma suka dauka na 'yantar da Turai. Sama da duka, duk da haka, shi ne babban aiki na farko na haɗin gwiwar teku, iska da sojojin ƙasa - a aikace, gwajin riguna don saukowa a Normandy a shekara mai zuwa. An yi la'akari da mummunan kwarewar yaƙin neman zaɓe na Arewacin Afirka da sakamakon ƙiyayyar ƙawance, ya kuma tabbatar da kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman rikice-rikice a tarihin kawancen Anglo-Amurka.
A cikin 1942/1943, Roosevelt da Churchill suna fuskantar matsin lamba daga Stalin. Yaƙin Stalingrad ya fara gudana ne kawai, kuma 'yan Rasha sun bukaci a samar da "gaba na biyu" a yammacin Turai da wuri-wuri, wanda zai sauke su. A halin yanzu, sojojin Anglo-Amurka ba su shirye su mamaye tashar Turanci ba, kamar yadda Dieppe saukowa a cikin Agusta 1942 ya nuna zafi. Wuri guda daya tilo a Turai da kawancen kasashen Yamma za su iya yin kasadar fada da Jamusawa a doron kasa shi ne yankunan kudancin nahiyar. .
"Za mu zama abin dariya"
Tunanin saukar amphibious a Sicily ya fara tashi ne a Landan a lokacin rani na 1942, lokacin da Ma'aikatan Haɗin gwiwar Tsare-tsare na Ma'aikatar Yaƙi suka fara yin la'akari da yuwuwar ayyukan sojojin Burtaniya a 1943. Sa'an nan kuma an gano maƙasudi biyu masu mahimmanci a cikin Tekun Bahar Rum, Sicily da Sardinia, waɗanda aka ba da lambar suna Husky da Sulfur. Za a iya kama Sardinia da ba ta da tsaro a 'yan watannin baya, amma ta kasance makasudin da ba ta da tabbas. Ko da yake ya dace da ayyukan jiragen sama daga can, sojojin kasa za su iya amfani da shi a matsayin sansanin kwamandoji ne kawai don kai hare-hare a kudancin Faransa da Italiya. Babban hasara na Sardinia daga ra'ayi na soja shine rashin tashar jiragen ruwa da rairayin bakin teku masu dacewa da saukowa daga teku.
Yayin da nasarar da Birtaniyya ta samu a El Alamein da nasarar saukar da kawance a Maroko da kuma Algiers (Operation Torch) a watan Nuwamba 1942 ya baiwa kawancen fatan kawo karshen tashe-tashen hankula a Arewacin Afirka cikin gaggawa, Churchill ya yi tsawa: “Za mu zama abin dariya idan a cikin bazara da kuma lokacin rani na 1943. Ya zamana cewa babu sojojin kasa na Biritaniya da Amurka da ke yaki a ko'ina da Jamus ko Italiya. Sabili da haka, a ƙarshe, zaɓin Sicily a matsayin makasudin yaƙin neman zaɓe na gaba an ƙaddara ta hanyar la'akari da siyasa - lokacin da aka tsara ayyukan 1943, Churchill ya yi la'akari da sikelin kowane aiki don ya iya gabatar da shi ga Stalin. a matsayin abin dogaro ga mamayar Faransa. Don haka zabi ya fadi a kan Sicily - ko da yake a wannan mataki da ake fatan gudanar da wani saukowa aiki a can ba ta da sha'awa.
Daga ra'ayi mai mahimmanci, fara dukan yakin Italiyanci kuskure ne, kuma saukowa a Sicily ya zama farkon hanyar zuwa babu inda. Yaƙin Monte Cassino ya tabbatar da wahalar da ba dole ba ne harin da aka kai a kan kunkuntar, dutsen Apennine Peninsula. Hasashen hambarar da Mussolini ba karamin ta'aziyya ba ne, tun da Italiyanci, a matsayin abokan tarayya, sun kasance mafi nauyi ga Jamusawa fiye da kadari. A tsawon lokaci, da gardama, ya yi kadan retroactively, kuma ya ruguje - akasin bege na abokan, su m offensives a cikin Bahar Rum ba ya ƙulla gagarumin sojojin abokan gaba kuma ba su samar da gagarumin taimako ga sauran fronts (gabas, da kuma yamma). ).
Birtaniya, ko da yake ba su gamsu da mamaye Sicily ba, yanzu dole ne su ci nasara da ra'ayin ga Amurkawa masu shakka. Dalilin haka shi ne taron da aka yi a Casablanca a watan Janairun 1943. A can, Churchill "sculpted" Roosevelt (Stalin defiantly ya ƙi zuwa) don aiwatar da Operation Husky, idan zai yiwu, a watan Yuni - nan da nan bayan sa ran nasara a Arewacin Afirka. Shakku ya kasance. A matsayin Kyaftin Butcher, mai taimaka wa sojojin ruwa na Eisenhower: Bayan mun ɗauki Sicily, mun ɗanɗana gefe.
"Ya kamata ya zama babban kwamanda, ba ni ba"
A Casablanca, Birtaniya, sun yi shiri sosai don waɗannan shawarwari, sun sami wani nasara a kan abokansu. Ko da yake Janar Dwight Eisenhower shi ne babban kwamanda, amma sauran manyan mukamai da Birtaniyya suka dauka. Mataimakin Eisenhower kuma babban kwamandan sojojin kawance a lokacin yakin neman zabe a Tunisia da yakin neman zabe na baya, ciki har da Sicily, shine Janar Harold Alexander. An sanya sojojin ruwan karkashin jagorancin Adm. Andrew Cunningham, Kwamandan Rundunar Sojan Ruwa a Bahar Rum. Hakanan, an ba da alhakin kula da sufurin jiragen sama ga Marshal Arthur Tedder, kwamandan Rundunar Sojan Sama a cikin Bahar Rum.
