Ya ceci miliyoyin rayuka - Wilson Greatbatch

An kira shi "mai girman kai mai yin-shi-kanka". Wannan katafaren sito ita ce samfurin farko na na'urar bugun bugun zuciya a shekarar 1958, na'urar da ta baiwa miliyoyin mutane damar rayuwa ta yau da kullun.

An haife shi a ranar 6 ga Satumba, 1919 a Buffalo, ɗan wani ɗan ƙaura daga Ingila. An ba shi sunan shugaban Amurka, wanda kuma ya shahara a Poland, Woodrow Wilson.

SAURARA: Wilson Greatbatch                                Kwanan wata da wurin haihuwa: Satumba 6, 1919, Buffalo, New York, Amurka (ya mutu Satumba 27, 2011)                             Ƙasar: Matsayin Aure na Amurka: masu aure, yara biyar                                Sa'a: Wanda ya kirkiro shi, Greatbatch Ltd. ba a jera su a kan musayar hannun jari - an kiyasta darajarsa a dala biliyan da yawa.                           Ilimi: Jami'ar Cornell Jami'ar Jihar New York a Buffalo                                              Kwarewa: mai tara waya, manajan kamfanin lantarki, malamin jami'a, dan kasuwa Abubuwan sha'awa: DIY kwalekwale

Lokacin yana matashi, ya zama mai sha'awar injiniyan rediyo. A lokacin babban yakin kishin kasa ya yi aikin soja a matsayin kwararre a fannin sadarwa na rediyo. Bayan yakin, ya yi aiki na shekara guda a matsayin mai gyaran waya, sannan ya karanci injiniyan lantarki da injiniyanci, da farko a jami'ar Cornell sannan ya yi jami'ar Buffalo, inda ya samu digiri na biyu. Ya kasance ba ƙwararren dalibi ba, amma wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa, ban da karatu, dole ne ya yi aiki don tallafa wa iyalinsa - a 1945 ya auri Eleanor Wright. Aikin ya ba shi damar kasancewa kusa da abubuwan da suka shafi saurin ci gaban kayan lantarki na wancan lokacin. Bayan ya kammala digirinsa na biyu, ya zama manaja na Kamfanin Taber Instrument Corporation a Buffalo.

Abin takaici, kamfanin ya yi jinkirin yin kasada da saka hannun jari a cikin sabbin abubuwan da yake son yin aiki akai. Don haka ya yanke shawarar ya bar ta. Ya gudanar da ayyuka masu zaman kansu bisa ra'ayinsa. A lokaci guda, daga 1952 zuwa 1957, ya yi lacca a gidansa da ke Buffalo.

Wilson Greatbatch ƙwararren masanin kimiyya ne wanda ya yi sha'awar yuwuwar amfani da na'urorin lantarki don inganta rayuwar mu. Ya yi gwaji da kayan aiki da za su iya auna hawan jini, sukarin jini, bugun zuciya, igiyar kwakwalwa, da duk wani abu da za a iya aunawa.

Za ku ceci dubban mutane

A 1956 yana aiki akan na'urar da ya kamata rikodin bugun zuciya. Lokacin hada da'irori, ba a siyar da resistor ba, kamar yadda aka tsara tun farko. Kuskuren ya zama mai cike da sakamako, saboda sakamakon shine na'urar da ke aiki daidai da motsin zuciyar ɗan adam. Wilson ya yi imanin cewa gazawar zuciya da katsewa a cikin aikin tsokar zuciya da ke haifar da lahani na haihuwa ko samu na iya zama diyya ta bugun jini na wucin gadi.

Na'urar lantarki da muke kira a yau bugun zuciya, da aka dasa a cikin jikin majiyyaci, ana amfani da shi don motsa bugun zuciya ta hanyar lantarki. Yana maye gurbin na'urar bugun zuciya na halitta, watau kumburin sinus, lokacin da ya daina yin aikinsa ko hargitsin motsi yana faruwa a kumburin atrioventricular.

Tunanin na'urar bugun bugun zuciya ta zo Greatbatch a cikin 1956, amma an ƙi da farko. A ra'ayinsa, matakin miniaturization na kayan lantarki a wancan lokacin ya kawar da samar da wani abu mai mahimmanci, ba ma maganar dasa shi a cikin jiki ba. Duk da haka, ya fara aiki a kan ƙananan na'urar bugun zuciya da ƙirƙirar allon da ke kare tsarin lantarki daga ruwan jiki.

Wilson Greatbatch tare da na'urar bugun zuciya a hannu

A ranar 7 ga Mayu, 1958, Greatbatch, tare da likitoci a asibitin Gwamnatin Tsohon Sojoji da ke Buffalo, sun nuna na'urar da aka rage zuwa girma na santimita masu siffar sukari da yawa da ke motsa zuciyar kare yadda ya kamata. A lokaci guda, ya fahimci cewa ba shi kaɗai ba ne a duniya wanda ke tunani da aiki akan na'urar bugun zuciya. A wancan lokacin, an gudanar da bincike mai zurfi kan wannan maganin aƙalla a cibiyoyin Amurka da yawa da kuma a Sweden.

Tun daga wannan lokacin, Wilson ya sadaukar da kansa kawai don yin aiki a kan ƙirƙira. Ya ajiye su a cikin rumbun gidansa a Clarence, New York. Matarsa ​​Eleanor ta taimaka masa a gwaje-gwajensa, kuma babban jami'in kiwon lafiyarsa shine Dr. William S. Chardak, Babban Likitan tiyata a asibitin Buffalo. Lokacin da suka fara haduwa, an ba da rahoton Wilson ya tambayi ko shi, a matsayinsa na likita, zai yi sha'awar injin bugun bugun zuciya. Chardak ya ce, "Idan za ku iya yin wani abu kamar haka, za ku ajiye 10k." rayuwar mutane a kowace shekara."

Batura juyin juya hali ne na gaske

An dasa na'urar bugun zuciya ta farko bisa ra'ayinsa a cikin 1960. An gudanar da aikin ne a asibitin Buffalo karkashin jagorancin Chardak. Majinyacin mai shekaru 77 ya rayu da na'urar tsawon watanni goma sha takwas. A cikin 1961, ƙirƙira ta sami lasisi zuwa Medtronic na Minneapolis, wanda nan da nan ya zama jagoran kasuwa. A halin yanzu, ra'ayi da ya mamaye shi ne cewa na'urar Chardak-Greatbatch a lokacin ba ta fita daga sauran kayayyaki na wancan lokacin tare da mafi kyawun sigogi ko ƙira ba. Duk da haka, ta lashe gasar saboda wadanda suka kirkiro ta sun yanke shawarar kasuwanci mafi kyau fiye da sauran. Ɗayan irin wannan taron shine sayar da lasisi.

Injiniyan Greatbatch ya yi arziki a kan abin da ya kirkiro. Don haka ya yanke shawarar fuskantar kalubalen sabuwar fasahar - mercury-zinc baturawanda ya kai shekaru biyu kacal, wanda bai gamsar da kowa ba.

Ya sami haƙƙin fasahar batirin lithium iodide. Ya mayar da ita a matsayin mafita mai aminci, domin tun asali na'urori ne masu fashewa. A 1970 ya kafa kamfanin Wilson Greatbatch Ltd. girma (A halin yanzu Greatbatch LLC), wanda ya tsunduma cikin samar da batura don masu bugun zuciya. A cikin 1971, ya haɓaka tushen lithium iodide. Baturi RG-1. An yi tsayayya da wannan fasaha da farko, amma a kan lokaci ta zama hanyar da ta fi dacewa ta hanyar kunna masu farawa. Shahararriyar sa ana ƙididdige shi ta hanyar ƙarancin ƙarfin kuzarinsa, ƙarancin fitar da kai da amincin gabaɗaya.

Babban batch akan kayak mai hasken rana na gida

A cewar mutane da yawa, yin amfani da waɗannan batura ne ya sa ainihin nasarar mai farawa ya yiwu a kan ma'auni mai yawa. Babu buƙatar maimaita ayyuka kwatankwacin sau da yawa a cikin marasa lafiya waɗanda ba su taɓa yin ko in kula ga lafiya ba. A halin yanzu, kusan miliyan ɗaya na waɗannan na'urori ana shuka su a duk duniya kowace shekara.

Aiki har zuwa ƙarshe

Hoton X-ray na majiyyaci tare da na'urar bugun zuciya

Abubuwan ƙirƙira sun sa Greatbatch shahara da arziki, amma ya ci gaba da aiki har ya tsufa. Ya yi haƙƙin mallaka fiye da 325 ƙirƙira. Wadannan sun hada da, alal misali, kayan aikin bincike kan cutar kanjamau ko wani kayak mai amfani da hasken rana, wanda shi kansa mai kirkiro ya yi tafiya fiye da kilomita 250 a cikin tafkunan jihar New York domin bikin cikarsa shekaru 72 da haihuwa.

Daga baya a cikin rayuwarsa, Wilson ya gudanar da sababbin ayyuka masu ban sha'awa. Alal misali, ya ba da lokacinsa da kuɗinsa don haɓaka fasahar man fetur na tushen shuka ko kuma ya shiga aikin Jami'ar Wisconsin-Madison don gina ma'aunin wutar lantarki. "Ina son fitar da OPEC daga kasuwa," in ji shi.

A cikin 1988, an shigar da Greatbatch cikin wata babbar ƙungiya. Zauren Masu ƙirƙira na Ƙasakamar yadda gunkinsa Thomas Edison ya kasance. Ya kasance yana son gabatar da laccoci ga matasa, inda ya maimaita cewa: “Kada ku ji tsoron gazawa. Tara cikin goma na ƙirƙira za su zama marasa amfani. Amma na goma - shi ne zai kasance. Duk kokarin da ake yi zai samu sakamako. Lokacin da ganinsa ya daina ba shi damar karanta ayyukan ɗaliban injiniya da kansa, ya tilasta masa ya karanta wa sakatarensa.

An ba Greatbatch lambar yabo a cikin 1990. Lambar yabo ta Fasaha ta Kasa. A cikin 2000, ya buga tarihin rayuwarsa, Making the Pacemaker: A Celebration of a Life-Saving Invention.