Laya mai rikitarwa - part 2

Tarihin T + A ya fara da layin wutar lantarki, wanda ya burge masu zane shekaru da yawa da suka wuce. Daga baya an mayar da su saniyar ware, don haka muna ganin irin wannan nau'in a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kuma wannan, bi da bi, yana ba mu damar tunawa da ka'idar aikin su.

Ba duka T+A (lasifika) ƙira sun kasance kuma har yanzu suna tushen aiki. layin watsa labaraiKoyaya, sunan jerin ma'auni yana da alaƙa har abada tare da wannan mafita, wanda kamfanin ya inganta tun 1982. A cikin kowane tsararraki, waɗannan su ne gabaɗayan jeri tare da samfura masu ƙarfi, waɗanda suka fi na yau girma, amma yadda manyan dinosaur suka mutu. Don haka mun ga zane-zane tare da masu magana da woofers guda 30, hanyoyi hudu har ma da hanyoyi biyar (TMP220), ɗakunan katako tare da da'irorin sauti na ban mamaki, kuma tare da ƙananan mitoci da aka sanya a ciki (tsakanin ɗakin da ke da rami ko rufaffiyar ɗakin da kuma dogon labyrinth. - misali TV160).

Wannan batu - labyrinth na nau'ikan wutar lantarki daban-daban - T + A masu zanen kaya sun tafi har zuwa wani masana'anta. Koyaya, a cikin ƙarshen 90s, haɓakawa zuwa ƙarin rikice-rikice ya ragu, minimalism ya shigo cikin salon, ƙirar ƙira mai sauƙi ta tsari ta sami amincewar audiophiles, kuma mai siye "matsakaici" ya daina sha'awar girman masu magana, kuma galibi suna nema. wani abu siririya da m. Don haka, an sami ɗan koma baya a ƙirar lasifikar, wani ɓangare na hankali, wani ɓangaren da aka samu daga sabbin buƙatun kasuwa. Ragewa da girman, da "patency", da tsarin ciki na hulls. Duk da haka, T + A bai daina ba game da manufar inganta layin wutar lantarki, alƙawarin da ya fito daga al'adar jerin Ma'auni.

Koyaya, gabaɗayan manufar shingen lasifikar da ke aiki azaman layin watsawa ba haɓakar T+A bane. Ya rage, ba shakka, da yawa mazan.

Mahimman ra'ayi na layin watsawa yana yin alkawarin sama mai sauti a duniya, amma a aikace yana haifar da mummunar illa maras so waɗanda ke da wahalar sarrafawa. Ba sa magance lamuran shahararrun shirye-shiryen kwaikwayo - gwaji mai wahala da kuskure har yanzu ana buƙatar amfani da su. Irin wannan matsala ta fi ƙarfafa yawancin masana'antun da ke neman mafita mai riba, kodayake har yanzu tana jan hankalin masu sha'awar sha'awa da yawa.

T+A yana Kiran Sabuwar Hanyarsa zuwa Layin Watsawa KTL (). Mai sana'anta kuma yana buga sashin shari'ar, wanda ke da sauƙin bayyanawa da fahimta. Baya ga ƙaramin ɗakin tsakiya, wanda, ba shakka, ba shi da alaƙa da layin watsawa, rabin duka ƙarar majalisar ministocin suna shagaltar da ɗakin da aka kafa nan da nan a bayan duka woofers. An "haɗe" zuwa ramin da ke kaiwa ga hanyar fita kuma yana samar da guntun mataccen ƙarshen. Kuma komai a bayyane yake, kodayake wannan haɗin ya bayyana a karon farko. Wannan ba layin watsawa na gargajiya ba ne, amma mai jujjuyawar lokaci - tare da ɗakin da ke da ƙayyadaddun ƙa'ida (ko da yaushe ya dogara da saman da aka "dakatarta" a kai, watau dangane da saman buɗewar da ke kaiwa zuwa rami) kuma rami mai wani nau'in iska.

Wadannan abubuwa guda biyu suna haifar da da'irar resonant tare da ƙayyadaddun (ta hanyar taro da mai sauƙi) mitar resonant - kamar a cikin injin inverter. Duk da haka, characteristically, da rami ne exceptionally tsawo da kuma tare da babban giciye-section yanki ga wani lokaci inverter - wanda yana da duka abũbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani, don haka wannan bayani ba a yi amfani da hankula lokaci inverters. Babban yanki yana da fa'ida yayin da yake rage saurin iska kuma yana kawar da tashin hankali. Duk da haka, tun da yake yana rage ƙayyadaddun yarda, yana buƙatar haɓaka yawan ramin ramin saboda tsayinsa don kafa isasshiyar mitar resonant. Kuma dogon rami yana da koma baya a cikin inverter na lokaci, saboda yana haifar da bayyanar cututtuka na parasitic. A lokaci guda, rami a cikin CTL 2100 bai daɗe ba don haifar da canjin lokaci da ake so na mafi ƙasƙanci, kamar a cikin layin watsawa na gargajiya. Shi kansa masana’anta ya kawo wannan batu, yana mai cewa:

Layin watsawa yana ba da babbar fa'ida akan tsarin bass reflex, amma yana buƙatar ƙira mai ci gaba sosai (...), hanyar sauti a bayan woofers (a cikin layin watsawa) dole ne ya kasance mai tsayi sosai - kamar gabobin - in ba haka ba ƙananan mitoci ba za su yi ba. a samar."

Yana da matukar ban sha'awa cewa lokacin zana irin wannan sanarwa, mai sana'anta ba kawai ya bi shi ba, amma kuma ya buga abu (sashe na shari'a) yana tabbatar da wannan bambance-bambance. Abin farin ciki, ƙananan mitoci za a samar da su ne kawai ta hanyar aikin ba layin watsawa ba, amma kawai tsarin bass reflex mai jinkirta, wanda "ta hanyarsa" yana gabatar da sauye-sauyen lokaci mai fa'ida ba tare da buƙatar rami tare da tsayin daka ba tare da mitar yankewar da ake sa ran - wannan ya dogara da wasu sigogin tsarin, galibi daga mitar resonant Helmholtz wanda aka tsara ta hanyar yarda da taro. Mun san waɗannan shinge (kuma ana yin su azaman layukan wutar lantarki, wanda ke sa su zama mafi kyawu), amma gaskiyar ita ce T + A ta ƙara wani abu kuma a ciki - gajeriyar tashar matattu wacce ba ta kasance a nan ba tun lokacin faretin.

Hakanan ana samun irin waɗannan tashoshi a lokuta masu layukan watsawa, amma mafi na zamani, ba tare da kyamarar sadarwa ba. Suna haifar da igiyar ruwa da ke nunawa daga tashar makafi don komawa cikin lokaci, suna ramawa ga rashin jin daɗi na babban tashar, wanda kuma zai iya yin ma'ana a cikin tsarin inverter na lokaci, tun da yake an samar da resonances na parasitic a cikinsa. An tabbatar da wannan ra'ayi ta hanyar lura da cewa tashar makafi yana da rabin tsawon lokacin babban, kuma wannan shine sharadi na irin wannan hulɗar.

A taƙaice, wannan ba layin watsawa ba ne, a mafi yawan inverter na lokaci tare da takamaiman bayani, wanda aka sani daga wasu layukan watsawa (kuma ba muna magana ne game da tashoshi mai tsayi ba, amma game da gajere). Wannan sigar inverter na zamani duka na asali ne kuma yana da fa'idodinsa, musamman lokacin da tsarin ke buƙatar rami mai tsayi (ba lallai ba ne irin wannan babban sashe).

A tabbatacce hasara na wannan bayani, a cikin rabbai shawarar da T + A (tare da irin wannan babban giciye rami rami), shi ne cewa ramin tsarin ya mamaye kusan rabin jimlar girma na casing, yayin da zanen kaya ne sau da yawa a karkashin matsin lamba don iyakance. girman tsarin zuwa ƙimar da ke ƙasa da mafi kyawun don cimma sakamako mafi kyau (ta amfani da tsayayyen lasifika).

Don haka za mu iya ƙarasa da cewa T + A kuma yana cike da layin watsawa kuma ya zo tare da lokuta waɗanda a zahiri suna taka rawa na inverters lokaci, amma har yanzu suna iya da'awar layukan daraja. Ramin ya ratsa bangon ƙasa, don haka ana buƙatar spikes mai tsayi (5 cm) don shirya rarraba matsi kyauta. Amma wannan kuma wani bayani ne sananne ... lokaci inverters.

Layin watsawa a kallo

Bayan woofers akwai babban ɗakin, kuma kawai daga can tunnels suna tafiya - daya ya fi guntu, rufe a karshen, ɗayan ya fi tsayi, tare da fita a cikin kasa panel.

Wurin farawa don shingen layin watsawa shine ƙirƙirar yanayi mai kyau don murƙushe igiyar ruwa daga bayan diaphragm. Irin wannan shinge dole ne ya zama tsarin da ba shi da ƙarfi, amma kawai don ware makamashi daga gefen baya na diaphragm (wanda ba za a iya "kawai" a bar shi ya haskaka da yardar kaina ba saboda yana cikin lokaci tare da gefen gaba na diaphragm. ). ).

Wani zai ce baya gefen diaphragm da yardar kaina radiates cikin bude partitions ... Ee, amma lokaci gyara (aƙalla partially kuma dangane da mita) da aka bayar a can ta wani fadi da bangare cewa bambance nisa daga bangarorin biyu na diaphragm zuwa. mai sauraro. Sakamakon ci gaba da babban canjin lokaci tsakanin fitarwa daga ɓangarorin biyu na membranes, musamman ma a cikin mafi ƙanƙantar mitar, rashin amfanin buɗaɗɗen baffle yana da ƙarancin inganci. A cikin inverters na zamani, gefen baya na diaphragm yana motsa resonant kewaye na jiki, wanda kuzarinsa ke haskakawa a waje, amma wannan tsarin (wanda ake kira Helmholtz resonator) shima yana jujjuya lokaci, ta yadda yawan resonant na jiki ke canzawa. ya fi girma a kan dukkan kewayon, lokacin radiyo na gefen gaba na diaphragm mai magana da rami ya fi - ƙarancin jituwa.

A ƙarshe, rufaffiyar majalisar ita ce hanya mafi sauƙi don rufewa da danne makamashi daga bayan diaphragm, ba tare da yin amfani da shi ba, ba tare da ɓata amsawar ƙwazo ba (sakamakon da'irar resonant na bass reflex cabinet). Duk da haka, ko da irin wannan aiki mai sauƙi na ka'ida yana buƙatar himma - taguwar ruwa da ke fitowa a cikin akwati ya bugi bangonsa, ya sa su girgiza, yin tunani da haifar da igiyoyin ruwa na tsaye, komawa zuwa diaphragm, da gabatar da murdiya.

A ka'ida, zai fi kyau idan lasifika zai iya "watsa" makamashi daga baya na diaphragm zuwa tsarin lasifikar, wanda zai dame shi gaba daya kuma ba tare da matsala ba - ba tare da "sake mayarwa" ga lasifikar ba kuma ba tare da girgiza bangon majalisar ba. . A ka'ida, irin wannan tsarin zai haifar da ko dai babban jiki marar iyaka ko kuma rami marar iyaka, amma ... wannan shine mafita mai amfani.

Ya zama kamar cewa isasshe dogon (amma an riga an gama), profiled (dan kadan tapering zuwa karshen) da damped rami zai cika wadannan bukatu a kalla zuwa wani m mataki, aiki fiye da classic rufaffiyar casing. Amma kuma ya kasance da wahala a samu. Mafi ƙanƙanta mitoci suna da tsayi wanda ko da ƴan mitoci masu tsayin layin watsa kusan ba zai taɓa nutsar da su ba. Sai dai idan, ba shakka, mun "sake" shi tare da kayan damping, wanda zai lalata aikin ta wasu hanyoyi.

Don haka, tambayar ta taso: shin layin watsa ya kamata ya ƙare a ƙarshe ko kuma a bar shi a buɗe kuma ya saki makamashin da ke isa gare shi?

Kusan duka zaɓuɓɓukan layin wutar lantarki - duka na gargajiya da na musamman - suna da buɗaɗɗen labyrinth. Duk da haka, akwai aƙalla ɗaya mai mahimmanci banda - shari'ar B&W Nautilus na asali tare da labyrinth rufe a ƙarshen (a cikin nau'in harsashi na katantanwa). Koyaya, wannan ta hanyoyi da yawa takamaiman tsari ne. Haɗe tare da ƙananan ƙananan Q woofer, halayen sarrafawa suna raguwa sosai, amma da wuri sosai, kuma a cikin irin wannan yanayin da ba shi da kyau ba ya dace da shi - dole ne a gyara shi, haɓakawa da daidaitawa zuwa mitar da ake sa ran, wanda aka yi ta hanyar. Nautilus mai aiki crossover.

A cikin buɗaɗɗen layin watsawa, yawancin makamashin da ke fitarwa ta bayan diaphragm yana fita. Ayyukan layin wani ɓangare na hidimar damtse shi, wanda, duk da haka, ya zama mara amfani, kuma wani ɓangare - sabili da haka har yanzu yana da ma'ana - ga canjin lokaci, saboda abin da za a iya fitar da igiyar ruwa, aƙalla a cikin wasu mitoci. , a cikin wani lokaci kusan daidai da lokacin radiation daga gaban diaphragm. Duk da haka, akwai jeri a cikin abin da taguwar ruwa daga wadannan kafofin fito kusan a antiphase, don haka rauni bayyana a sakamakon sakamakon. Lissafin wannan al'amari ya kara rikitar da zane. Ya zama dole don daidaita tsayin rami, nau'in da wuri na attenuation tare da kewayon lasifikar. Har ila yau, ya juya cewa raƙuman raƙuman ruwa da raƙuman raƙuman ruwa na iya faruwa a cikin rami. Bugu da kari, layukan watsa da ke cikin lungu da sako na lasifika na yau da kullun, ko da manya ne da tsayi, dole ne a “karkace su”. Shi ya sa suka yi kama da labyrinths - kuma kowane sashe na labyrinth na iya haifar da nasa resonances.

Magance wasu matsalolin ta hanyar kara dagula lamarin yana haifar da wasu matsaloli. Koyaya, wannan ba yana nufin ba za ku iya samun kyakkyawan sakamako ba.

A cikin sauƙaƙan bincike idan aka yi la'akari da rabon tsayin maze zuwa tsayin igiyar ruwa kawai, tsayin maze yana nufin tsayin tsayin tsayin igiyar ruwa, ta haka yana canza canjin lokaci mai dacewa zuwa ƙananan mitoci da haɓaka aikin sa. Misali, mafi inganci 50 Hz amplification yana buƙatar 3,4m maze, kamar yadda rabin na 50 Hz za su yi tafiya da wannan nisa, kuma a karshe fitarwa na rami zai haskaka a lokaci tare da gaban diaphragm. Duk da haka, a sau biyu mitar (a cikin wannan yanayin, 100 Hz), duk igiyoyin za su kasance a cikin maze, don haka fitarwa zai haskaka a cikin lokaci kai tsaye gaban gaban diaphragm.

Mai zanen irin wannan layin watsawa mai sauƙi yana ƙoƙarin daidaita tsayi da ƙima a cikin hanyar da za ta yi amfani da tasirin riba da rage tasirin damping - amma yana da wahala a sami haɗin haɗin da ya fi dacewa da haɓaka sau biyu mafi girma. Ko da mafi muni, yaki da raƙuman ruwa wanda ke haifar da "anti-resonances", watau, ya rushe a kan sakamakon da aka samu (a cikin misalinmu, a cikin yanki na 100 Hz), tare da maɗaukaki mafi girma, sau da yawa ya ƙare a cikin nasarar Pyrrhic. Wannan attenuation yana raguwa, ko da yake ba a kawar da shi ba, amma a mafi ƙasƙanci mafi ƙasƙanci, aikin yana da hasara sosai saboda danne wasu kuma a cikin wannan mahimmancin tasirin resonant mai amfani wanda ke faruwa a cikin wannan hadaddun da'irar. Idan aka yi la'akari da su a cikin ƙarin ƙirar ƙira, tsayin labyrinth yakamata ya kasance yana da alaƙa da mitar lasifikar da kanta (fs) don samun tasirin taimako a cikin wannan kewayon.

Ya bayyana cewa, sabanin tunanin farko game da rashin tasirin layin watsawa akan lasifika, wannan tsarin sauti ne wanda ke da martani daga lasifikar har ma da ma'aunin ma'auni fiye da rufaffiyar majalisar, da makamancin haka inverter. - sai dai idan, ba shakka, labyrinth ba a cushe ba, amma a aikace irin waɗannan ɗakunan suna jin sautin bakin ciki sosai.

A baya can, masu zanen kaya sun yi amfani da "dabaru" daban-daban don murkushe antiresonances ba tare da damping mai karfi ba - wato, tare da raƙuman ƙananan raƙuman ruwa. Hanya ɗaya ita ce ƙirƙirar ƙarin rami "makafi" (tare da tsayin da ke da alaƙa da tsayin babban rami), wanda za a nuna kalaman wani mitar kuma zai gudu zuwa fitarwa a cikin irin wannan lokaci don ramawa Sauyin lokaci mara kyau na kalaman da ke kaiwa ga fitarwa kai tsaye daga lasifikar.

Wata shahararriyar dabara ita ce ƙirƙirar ɗakin “haɗaɗɗiya” a bayan lasifika wanda zai zama mai tace sauti, barin mafi ƙarancin mitoci a cikin labyrinth da kiyaye mafi girma. Koyaya, ta wannan hanyar an ƙirƙiri tsarin resonant mai faɗin fasalin inverter. Ana iya fassara irin wannan shari'ar azaman juzu'i mai jujjuyawar lokaci tare da rami mai tsayi mai tsayi na babban ɓangaren giciye. Don ɗakunan kabad waɗanda ke aiki azaman bass reflex, masu magana tare da ƙananan ƙima (Qts) za su dace da ka'ida, kuma don manufa, layin watsawa na yau da kullun wanda ba ya shafar lasifikar, manyan, har ma sama da a rufaffiyar kabad.

Duk da haka, akwai shinge tare da "tsari" na tsaka-tsaki: a cikin kashi na farko, labyrinth yana da wani yanki mafi girma a fili fiye da na gaba, don haka ana iya la'akari da ɗakin ɗakin, amma ba lallai ba ... Lokacin da labyrinth ya muffled. zai rasa kaddarorin inverter na lokaci. Kuna iya amfani da ƙarin lasifika kuma sanya su a nesa daban-daban daga kanti. Kuna iya yin fitillu fiye da ɗaya.

Hakanan za'a iya faɗaɗa ko ramin ramin zuwa hanyar fita…

Babu wasu ƙa'idodi a bayyane, babu girke-girke masu sauƙi, babu tabbacin nasara. Akwai ƙarin nishaɗi da bincike a gaba - wanda shine dalilin da ya sa layin watsa shirye-shiryen har yanzu batu ne ga masu sha'awar.

Duba kuma: