Sabon tashar jirgin sama, sabon roka

Motar harba ta Chang Zheng-201 Version 7 ta tashi daga Kaddamar da Complex LC340 a cibiyar harba tauraron dan adam ta Wenchang dake tsibirin Hainan.

A ranar 25 ga Yuni, 2016, a 12: 00: 07,413: 20 UTC (00: 201 China lokaci), Chang Zheng-7 version 340 kaddamar da motar ya tashi daga Kaddamar da Complex LCXNUMX a Cibiyar Kaddamar da tauraron dan adam ta Wenchang a tsibirin Hainan.

Ga Sinawa, wannan wani ci gaba ne da aka harba - ba wai kawai an gabatar da sabon roka na cosmodrome ba da sabon roka mai amfani da muhalli ba, har ma ya gwada fasahohi da fasahohi da na'urori masu yawa don bukatun shirin sararin samaniya, gami da samfurin na'urar. Cockpit na kumbon kumbon nan na gaba, wanda aka yi nasarar isar da shi zuwa Duniya shine amsar Orion ko RF na Amurka.

Tashar jiragen sama na zamani

Ya zuwa yanzu, kasar Sin tana da tashoshin jiragen sama guda uku, wadanda suka sanya ta a sahun gaba a duniya wajen yawan adadi, adadin daya a kasar Rasha, da kuma guda daya a Amurka. Lamarin ya ɗan yi muni idan aka yi la'akari da jimillar masu ƙaddamar da aiki, amma da alama adadin su ya yi daidai da bukatun yanzu. Tashar jiragen sama ta farko ta kasar Sin ita ce JSLC, watau. Cibiyar harba tauraron dan adam ta Jiuquan (ko da yake ba a san sunan ba tsawon shekaru da yawa saboda wani wurin gwajin makami mai linzami na sirri ne da ke aiki tun 1958), wanda ke lardin Gansu a cikin hamadar Gobi, kimanin kilomita 1600. daga Beijing. A karon farko a sararin samaniya ya faru ne a shekara ta 1970, lokacin da jamhuriyar jama'ar kasar Sin ta zama kasa ta biyar (bayan USSR, Amurka, Faransa da Japan) da suka kware a wuyan fasahar jirgin sama. CZ-1 (Chang Zheng, chi. Long Maris), FB-1 (Feng Bao, chi. Storm) makamai masu linzami harba daga makaman, da kuma yanzu daban-daban CZ-2 model, ciki har da CZ-2F tare da Shenzhou da CZ jirgin ruwa - hudu . Daga gare ta, an harba tauraron dan adam zuwa ƙananan wurare tare da karkatarwa a cikin kewayon 4-41 °.

An fara harba rokar XSLC na farko daga cibiyar sararin samaniyar Xichang da ke Sichuan a shekarar 1984. Cosmodrome dai ya mayar da hankali ne wajen harba rokoki don zuwa sararin samaniya, don haka ya fi dacewa da sadarwa da yanayin yanayi, da kuma tauraron dan adam na kimiyya da binciken wata. . An yi amfani da duk nau'in nau'in CZ-3, da kuma CZ-2C da CZ-2E.

Tashar jiragen sama ta karshe ta kasar Sin da ta kasance ita ce cibiyar harba tauraron dan adam ta TSLC, ko Taiyuan. Tana cikin lardin Shanxi, ta fara ayyukanta na sararin samaniya a cikin 1988. Tashar tashar sararin samaniya tana da ƙananan kewayon harba azimuths, wanda ke ba shi damar shiga dawafi kawai. Sabili da haka, kusan tauraron dan adam na lura da duniya ya harba daga nan, wanda aka yi tare da taimakon rokoki na CZ-4, kuma a bara an harba sabuwar motar harba CZ-6. Na ƙarshe, duk da haka, yana nufin sabon ƙarni na makamai masu linzami.

Makamai masu linzami na yanzu

Ya zuwa yanzu, China ta yi amfani da wasu maganganu daban-daban na roka-mai ruwa, na manyan nau'ikan taurari huɗu (Cz-1 ... don ƙaddamar da tauraron dan adam cikin kolin. Da gangan na watsar da zane-zanen da suka dogara da matakai masu ƙarfi (Kaituozhe, Kuaizhou ko CZ-4), saboda waɗannan rokoki ne waɗanda ya zuwa yanzu an tashi sau ɗaya ko sau biyu kuma makomarsu ba ta da tabbas, wannan wani reshe ne na kimiyyar roka na kasar Sin da ke mutuwa. .

Ba tare da la'akari da girman da ɗaukar nauyi ba, adadin matakai da injinan da aka yi amfani da su, duk roka na man fetur, ko kuma matakan farko, an samo su ne daga nau'ikan makamai masu linzami na ballistic iri biyu DF-3 (Dongfeng-3, CSS-2) ko DF . -5 (Dongfeng-5, US-4). Ana nuna su ta hanyar amfani da gaurayawan hypergol masu sha'awar kai azaman mai. Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (wanda aka fi sani da taƙaice ta Ingilishi UDMH) a matsayin man fetur da dinitrogen tetroxide (tsohon nitrogen tetroxide, N2O4) kamar yadda oxidizer ya ƙarfafa ba kawai Protons na Rasha ba, Amurka Titans ko Deltas, amma dukan iyalin Chang Zheng. Ya kamata a jaddada cewa duka bangarorin biyu suna da haɗari sosai ba kawai ga mutane ba, har ma ga muhalli.

Rokayoyin CZ da aka ambata sun rufe buƙatar ɗaukar nauyin 1009200 502200 25005000 kg zuwa ƙananan kewayar duniya, ta hanyar 6,5 8 kg zuwa Rana-synchronous orbit, har zuwa 3 2 2,3 kg don canja wurin zuwa sararin samaniya. Shekaru da yawa da suka wuce ya zama a fili cewa babu wani jirgin ruwa mai nauyi don manyan tauraron dan adam na geostationary ko jiragen sama. A halin yanzu, ba sabon abu ba ne don yawancin su ya wuce 20t, kuma akwai yiwuwar za su karu har zuwa XNUMXt, kuma matsakaicin nauyin tauraron dan adam da aka sanya a cikin yanayin geostationary tare da samfurin CZ-XNUMXB / GXNUMXt bai wuce ba. XNUMXt. Tashar, wanda zai kasance da tarin kusan tan XNUMX.