Sabbin mayakan kasar Sin part 1

Sabbin mayakan kasar Sin

A yau, Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin tana matsayi na uku a yawan sojojin sama a duniya, wanda ya yi daidai da na jiragen sama na Amurka da na Rasha. Sun dogara ne akan kusan mayaka da yawa 600, daidai da mayakan F-15 da F-16 na sojojin saman Amurka. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, yawan sababbin jiragen sama ya karu sosai (J-10, J-11, Su-27, Su-30), aikin da ake yi a kan wani sabon ƙarni na jirgin sama (J-20 da J-31 mayakan. da aka yi ta amfani da ƙananan fasahar gani). Makamai masu jagora da masu dogon zango suna ƙara zama mahimmanci. A sa'i daya kuma, PRC ba ta gama shawo kan matsalolin da kasashe masu tasowa ke fuskanta ba, musamman wajen kere-kere da kera injinan jiragen sama da na jiragen sama.

An gina masana'antar zirga-zirgar jiragen sama ta kasar Sin kusan tun bayan yakin duniya na biyu. Babban taimako ga PRC a wancan lokacin, Tarayyar Soviet, wacce ta shiga cikin samar da masana'antar sojan kasar Sin, ciki har da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama, har sai da dangantakar dake tsakanin kasashen biyu ta tabarbare, wanda ya faru a rabin na biyu na karni na XNUMX.

Shuka mai lamba 112 a Shenyang ya zama babban kamfani na sufurin jiragen sama na farko a kasar Sin. An fara ginin ne a shekara ta 1951, kuma bayan shekaru biyu kamfanin ya fara samar da kayan aikin jirgin na farko. Tun da farko an shirya samar da mayakan MiG-15bis a matsayin J-2, amma ba a aiwatar da waɗannan tsare-tsaren ba. Maimakon haka, Factory No. 112 ya fara samar da MiG-15UTI masu horar da mayaka biyu a matsayin JJ-2. A Harbin, an ƙaddamar da samar da injunan jet na RD-45F don su.

A shekara ta 1955, an fara samar da lasisin samar da mayaka na MiG-17F a karkashin lamba J-5 a Shenyang, da farko daga sassan da aka kawo daga Tarayyar Soviet. J-5 na farko na Sinanci na farko ya tashi ne a ranar 13 ga Yuli, 1956. Injin WK-1F na waɗannan jiragen an kera su a Shenyang Liming a matsayin WP-5. An samar da J-5 har zuwa 1959, da injuna 767 na wannan nau'in ya mirgine layin taron. A lokaci guda tare da gina manyan tarurrukan masana'antu guda biyar, an shirya cibiyar bincike da gine-gine a Shenyang, wanda aka fi sani da Cibiyar No. 601. Ayyukansa na farko shine ƙirƙirar nau'in horon kujeru biyu na jirgin J-5 - JJ-5 . Irin wannan sigar, i.e. biyu MiG-17, ba a cikin USSR. Samfurin JJ-5 ya tashi sama a ranar 6 ga Mayu, 1966, kuma a shekarar 1986 an gina motoci 1061 na irin wannan. Injunan WK-1A ne ke sarrafa su, WP-5D na gida.

A ranar 17 ga Disamba, 1958, J-6A na farko, sigar lasisin jirgin MiG-19P, sanye da kayan gani na radar, ya tashi a Shenyang. Duk da haka, ingancin jirgin da Tarayyar Soviet ta kera ya yi rauni sosai har aka daina kera shi, aka yanke shawarar tura shi zuwa wata shuka a Nanchang, inda aka harba lasisin samar da makaman J-6B (MiG-19PM) makamancin haka a lokaci guda, dauke da makamai. makami mai linzami na iska zuwa iska -1 (RS-2US). J-6B na farko a Nanchang ya tashi a ranar 28 ga Satumba 1959. Duk da haka, babu abin da ya zo daga wannan, kuma a cikin 1963, an kammala duk aikin da nufin ƙaddamar da samar da J-6A da J-6B. A halin da ake ciki, an yi ƙoƙari a Shenyang don kafa samar da "mafi sauƙi" J-6 mai gwagwarmaya (MiG-19S), ba tare da hangen nesa na radar ba. An daga kwafin farko zuwa sama a ranar 30 ga Satumba, 1959, amma a wannan karon babu abin da ya same ta. Ba a ci gaba da samar da J-6 ba har sai bayan 'yan shekaru, bayan da ma'aikatan suka sami kwarewa mai dacewa da kuma inganta ingancin samarwa (ya kamata a tuna, duk da haka, cewa, sabanin yanayin da ya gabata na irin wannan, ba a yi amfani da taimakon Soviet a wannan lokaci ba. ). J-6 na farko na sabon jerin ya tashi ne a ranar 23 ga Satumba, 1963. Bayan shekaru goma, an sanya wani nau'in "marasa radar" na J-6C a Shenyang (jirgin samfurin ya faru a ranar 6 ga Agusta, 1969). ). Baki daya, jiragen saman kasar Sin sun karbi mayaka J-2400 kimanin 6; an ƙirƙiri wasu ɗari da yawa don fitarwa. Bugu da ƙari, an gina 634 JJ-6 masu horar da kujeru biyu (an dakatar da samarwa a cikin 1986, kuma an dakatar da nau'in kawai a cikin 2010). An fara gina injinan WP-6 (RD-9B) a Shenyang Liming, sannan a Chengdu.

Wani jirgin sama da aka samar a Shenyang shi ne J-8 twin-engine interceptor da gyare-gyaren J-8-II. An yanke shawarar kera irin wannan jirgin ne a shekarar 1964, kuma shi ne jirgin yakin kasar Sin na farko da ya kera kusan a cikin gida. An fara samfurin J-8 ne a ranar 5 ga Yuli, 1969, amma danniya da babban mai zane Liu Hongzhi ya yi a lokacin babban juyin juya halin al'adun gargajiya na kasar Sin ya haifar da tsaiko sosai a aikin na J-8, wanda ba shi da babban mai zanen. shekaru da yawa. shekaru. Serial samar na J-8 da kuma inganta J-8-I da aka za'ayi a 1985-87. A lokacin jirgin ya daina aiki gaba ɗaya, don haka a cikin 1980 an fara aiki akan sigar zamani tare da hangen nesa na ci gaba a cikin baka da gefe maimakon na tsakiya. Ya kamata a yi amfani da makamai masu linzami masu linzami masu cin matsakaicin zango daga iska zuwa iska. Samfurin wannan jirgin ya tashi a ranar 12 ga Yuni, 1984, kuma a cikin 1986 an sanya shi cikin samarwa, amma a cikin bambance-bambancen J-8-IIB kawai aka gabatar da makaman da aka gabatar a cikin nau'in radar mai sarrafa PL-11. makamai masu linzami. Gabaɗaya, a shekarar 2009, an gina mayaƙa kusan 400 na irin wannan nau'in, wasu daga cikinsu an sabunta su yayin aiki.

A cikin rabin na biyu na nineties, Shenyang shuka ya fara samar da lasisi na Rasha Su-27SK mayakan, aka sani a karkashin gida nadi J-11 (karin wannan batu za a iya samu a wani labarin a cikin wannan batu).

Babban masana'antar jiragen yaki na biyu a kasar Sin ita ce masana'anta mai lamba 132 a Chengdu. An fara samarwa a can a cikin 1964 (an fara ginin a 1958) kuma da farko waɗannan su ne jirgin J-5A (J-5 tare da radar gani; watakila ba sababbi ba ne, amma an sake gina su) da jirgin JJ-5 da aka taru daga sassan da aka kawo daga Shenyang. . . Daga ƙarshe, duk da haka, ya zama mayaki na MiG-21F-13 (J-7), mai iya saurin sauti sau biyu kuma dauke da makamai masu linzami R-3S (PL-2) jagoran iska zuwa iska, homing. infrared jagora. Duk da haka, fara samar da J-7 a masana'anta tare da ma'aikatan da ba su da kwarewa sun kasance babbar matsala, don haka aikin J-7 ya fara tashi a Shenyang, ya fara tashi a ranar 17 ga Janairu 1966. A Chengdu, ya kasance shekara ɗaya da rabi kawai daga baya, amma an fara samar da cikakken sikelin ne kawai bayan shekaru uku. A cikin sigogin da aka inganta na gaba, an gina mayaƙan J-2500 kimanin 7, wanda aka dakatar da samar da su a cikin 2013. Bugu da ƙari, a cikin 1986-2017. a Guizhou, an samar da nau'in kujeru biyu na JJ-7 (kamfanin ya kuma samar da kayan aikin gina jirgin J-7 a Chengdu). An fara gina injunan WP-7 (R11F-300) a Shenyang Liming daga baya Guizhou Liyang. Har ila yau, shukar ta ƙarshe ta samar da ingantaccen WP-13 don sababbin mayaƙa (duka nau'in injin duka an yi amfani da su a cikin mayakan J-8).