Wutar batirin mota

Mahimman alamomin baturin sune ƙarfinsa, ƙarfin lantarki da yawa na electrolyte. Ingancin aiki da aikin na'urar ya dogara da su. A cikin mota, baturi yana ba da crank current zuwa mafarin don fara injin kuma yana sarrafa tsarin lantarki lokacin da ake buƙata. Don haka, sanin sigogin aiki na baturin ku da kiyaye aikinsa yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye abin hawan ku cikin kyakkyawan yanayi gaba ɗaya.

Baturi ƙarfin lantarki

Da farko, bari mu dubi ma'anar kalmar "voltage". A hakikanin gaskiya, wannan shine "matsi" na cajin electrons, wanda tushen yanzu ya haifar, ta hanyar kewayawa (waya). Electrons suna yin aiki mai amfani (fitilar wutar lantarki, aggregates, da dai sauransu). Auna ƙarfin lantarki a cikin volts.

Kuna iya amfani da multimeter don auna ƙarfin baturi. Ana amfani da binciken tuntuɓar na'urar zuwa tashoshin baturi. A bisa ka'ida, ƙarfin lantarki shine 12V. Ainihin ƙarfin wutar lantarki ya kamata ya kasance tsakanin 12,6V da 12,7V. Waɗannan alkalumman suna nufin baturi mai cikakken caji.

Waɗannan alkaluma na iya bambanta dangane da yanayin muhalli da lokacin gwaji. Nan da nan bayan caji, na'urar zata iya nuna 13 V - 13,2 V. Ko da yake irin waɗannan dabi'un ana ɗaukar su karɓuwa. Don samun daidaitattun bayanai, kuna buƙatar jira awa ɗaya zuwa biyu bayan zazzagewa.

Idan ƙarfin lantarki ya faɗi ƙasa da 12 volts, wannan yana nuna mataccen baturi. Ana iya kwatanta ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki da matakin caji bisa ga tebur mai zuwa.

Wutar lantarki, volt	Digiri na ɗauka, %
12,6 +	dari daya
12,5	90
12.42	80
12.32	70
12.20	60
12.06	hamsin
11,9	40
11,75	talatin
11.58	ashirin
11.31	10
10,5	0

Kamar yadda ake iya gani daga tebur, ƙarfin lantarki da ke ƙasa da 12V yana nuna fitarwar 50% na baturi. Ana buƙatar cajin baturi cikin gaggawa. Dole ne a yi la'akari da cewa yayin aikin fitarwa, tsarin sulfation na faranti yana faruwa. Da yawa daga cikin electrolyte saukad. Sulfuric acid yana rubewa ta hanyar shiga cikin halayen sinadaran. Sulfate na gubar yana samuwa akan faranti. Yin caji akan lokaci yana farawa wannan tsari a kishiyar hanya. Idan kun ƙyale zurfafa zurfafawa, zai yi wahala a rayar da baturin. Zai gaza gaba daya ko kuma ya rasa karfinsa sosai.

Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki wanda baturi zai iya aiki dashi shine 11,9 volts.

An ɗora kuma an sauke

Ko da ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki, baturin yana da ikon fara injin. Babban abu shine bayan haka janareta yana ba da cajin baturi. Lokacin fara injin, baturi yana samar da yawan wutar lantarki ga mai farawa kuma ba zato ba tsammani ya rasa caji. Idan baturin yana cikin tsari, ana mayar da cajin zuwa ƙimar al'ada a cikin daƙiƙa 5.

Wutar lantarki ta sabon baturi yakamata ya kasance tsakanin 12,6 da 12,9 volts, amma waɗannan ƙimar ba koyaushe suna nuna ainihin yanayin baturin ba. Misali, a rago, idan babu masu amfani da haɗin gwiwa, ƙarfin lantarki yana cikin iyaka na yau da kullun, kuma a ƙarƙashin kaya yana faɗuwa da ƙarfi kuma nauyin yana cinyewa da sauri. Ya kamata.

Saboda haka, ana yin ma'auni a ƙarƙashin kaya. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da na'ura kamar cokali mai yatsa. Wannan gwajin yana nuna ko cajin baturi ko a'a.

Socket ɗin ya ƙunshi na'urar voltmeter, na'urorin tuntuɓar sadarwa da na'urar caji a cikin gidaje. Na'urar tana haifar da juriya na yanzu wanda ya ninka ƙarfin baturin sau biyu, yana yin kwatankwacin lokacin farawa. Misali, idan karfin baturi shine 50Ah, to na'urar tana cajin baturin har zuwa 100A. Babban abu shine zabar resistor daidai. Sama da 100A kuna buƙatar haɗa coils na juriya guda biyu don samun ingantaccen karatu.

Ana yin ma'aunin lodi tare da cikakken cajin baturi. Ana riƙe na'urar na tsawon daƙiƙa 5, sannan ana yin rikodin sakamakon. Ƙarƙashin kaya, ƙarfin lantarki yana raguwa. Idan baturin yana da kyau, zai ragu zuwa 10 volts kuma a hankali ya dawo zuwa 12,4 volts ko fiye. Idan ƙarfin lantarki ya faɗi zuwa 9V ko ƙasa da haka, to baturin baya caji kuma ya yi kuskure. Ko da yake bayan caji yana iya nuna ƙimar al'ada na 12,4V da mafi girma.

Ensarancin lantarki

Har ila yau, matakin ƙarfin lantarki yana nuna yawa na electrolyte. Ita kanta electrolyte cakuda ce ta 35% sulfuric acid da 65% distilled ruwa. Mun riga mun faɗi cewa yayin fitarwa, ƙaddamarwar sulfuric acid yana raguwa. Mafi girma fitarwa, ƙananan yawa. Waɗannan alamomin suna da alaƙa.

Ana amfani da hydrometer don auna yawa na electrolytes da sauran ruwaye. A cikin al'ada jihar, lokacin da cikakken cajin 12,6V - 12,7V da iska zazzabi na 20-25 ° C, da yawa na electrolyte ya kamata a cikin 1,27g / cm3 - 1,28g / cm3.

Tebur mai zuwa yana nuna yawa tare da matakin caji.

Girman wutar lantarki, g / cm3	Matsayin caji,%
1,27 - 1,28	dari daya
1,25	95
1,24	90
1,23	80
1,21	70
1,20	60
1.19	hamsin
1,17	40
1,16	talatin
1.14	ashirin
1.13	10

Mafi girman yawa, gwargwadon ƙarfin baturi zuwa daskarewa. A yankunan da ke da yanayi mai tsanani musamman, inda zafin jiki ya ragu zuwa -30 ° C da ƙasa, yawan adadin electrolyte yana karuwa zuwa 1,30 g/cm3 ta hanyar ƙara sulfuric acid. Ana iya ƙara yawa har zuwa iyakar 1,35 g/cm3. Idan ya fi girma, acid zai fara lalata faranti da sauran abubuwan.

Hoton da ke ƙasa yana nuna karatun hydrometer a yanayi daban-daban:

Karatun Hydrometer a yanayin zafi daban-daban

A lokacin hunturu

A cikin hunturu, yawancin direbobi suna lura cewa yayin da zafin jiki ya ragu, yana da wuya a fara injin. Baturin yana tsayawa aiki a cikakken iya aiki. Wasu masu ababen hawa suna cire baturin cikin dare su bar shi dumi. Hasali ma, idan aka cika caji, wutar lantarki ba ta faɗuwa, har ma ta tashi.

Zazzabi mara kyau yana rinjayar yawa na electrolyte da yanayinsa na zahiri. Lokacin da cikakken caji, baturi yana jure sanyi cikin sauƙi, amma yayin da yawa ke raguwa, ruwan ya zama mafi girma kuma electrolyte na iya daskare. Hanyoyin lantarki suna ci gaba a hankali.

A -10°C -15°C, baturi da aka caje zai iya nuna cajin 12,9 V. Wannan al'ada ce.

A -30°C, ƙarfin baturi yana raguwa zuwa rabin ƙimar ƙima. Wutar lantarki tana raguwa zuwa 12,4 V a yawan 1,28 g/cm3. Bugu da kari, baturin yana daina yin caji daga janareta riga a -25°C.

Kamar yadda kuke gani, yanayin zafi mara kyau na iya shafar aikin baturi sosai.

Tare da kulawa mai kyau, baturin ruwa na iya ɗaukar shekaru 5-7. A cikin lokacin zafi, yakamata a duba matakin caji da yawan adadin electrolyte aƙalla sau ɗaya kowane wata biyu zuwa uku. A cikin hunturu, a matsakaicin zafin jiki na -10 ° C, ya kamata a duba kaya a kalla sau ɗaya kowane mako biyu zuwa uku. A cikin sanyi mai tsanani -25°C-35°C, ana bada shawarar yin cajin baturi sau ɗaya kowane kwana biyar, koda akan tafiye-tafiye na yau da kullun.