Tankin matsi - dogo, mai sarrafa matsa lamba, crankshaft da matsa lamba camshaft da firikwensin zafin jiki

Babban tankin mai (dogo - mai rarraba allura - dogo)

Yana aiki azaman babban matattara mai tara ruwa kuma a lokaci guda yana lalata jujjuyawar matsin lamba (juzu'i) wanda ke faruwa lokacin da babban matsin lamba yana bugun mai kuma yana buɗewa koyaushe yana rufe masu allurar. Don haka, dole ne ya zama yana da isasshen ƙarar don iyakance waɗannan juye-juye, a gefe guda, wannan ƙarar ba za ta yi yawa ba don saurin haifar da matsin lamba na yau da kullun bayan farawa don farawa da matsala na injin. Ana amfani da lissafin kwaikwaiyo don haɓaka ƙarar da aka samu. Yawan man da aka saka a cikin silinda ana sake cika shi a cikin dogo saboda samar da mai daga matattarar matsin lamba. Ana amfani da matsi mai matsin lamba don cimma tasirin ajiya. Idan an ƙara fitar da mai daga layin dogo, matsin lambar ya kasance kusan akai.

Wani aiki na tankin matsa lamba - dogo - shine samar da mai ga masu injectors na silinda guda ɗaya. Tsarin tanki shine sakamakon sulhu tsakanin buƙatu guda biyu masu cin karo da juna: yana da siffar elongated (spherical ko tubular) daidai da ƙirar injin da wurinsa. Bisa ga samar da hanya, za mu iya raba tankuna zuwa kungiyoyi biyu: ƙirƙira da kuma Laser welded. Ya kamata ƙirar su ta ba da damar shigar da firikwensin matsa lamba na dogo da iyakacin acc. bawul kula da matsa lamba. Bawul ɗin sarrafawa yana daidaita matsa lamba zuwa ƙimar da ake buƙata, kuma bawul ɗin ƙuntatawa yana iyakance matsa lamba kawai zuwa matsakaicin ƙimar da aka yarda. Ana ba da man da aka matsa ta hanyar babban layin matsi ta hanyar shiga. Daga nan sai a raba shi daga tafki zuwa bututun ruwa, kowane bututun yana da nasa jagora.

1 - babban tanki (rail), 2 - samar da wutar lantarki daga babban famfo mai matsa lamba, 3 - firikwensin matsin lamba, 4 - bawul mai aminci, 5 - dawo da mai, 6 - mai hana kwarara ruwa, 7 - bututun mai zuwa injectors.

Bawul ɗin matsin lamba

Kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, bawul ɗin saukar da matsin lamba yana iyakance matsin lamba zuwa matsakaicin ƙimar da aka yarda. Bawul mai ƙuntatawa yana aiki na musamman akan tushen inji. Yana da buɗewa a gefen haɗin layin dogo, wanda aka rufe ta ƙarshen ramin piston a wurin zama. A matsin lamba na aiki, ana matsa piston cikin wurin zama ta wurin bazara. Lokacin da aka wuce iyakar matsin lamba na mai, ƙarfin bazara ya wuce kuma an tura piston daga wurin zama. Don haka, man da ya wuce kima yana gudana ta cikin ramukan kwarara yana komawa zuwa da yawa kuma zuwa cikin tankin mai. Wannan yana kare na'urar daga halaka saboda babban matsin lamba idan aka samu matsala. A cikin sabbin juzu'in bawul mai ƙuntatawa, an haɗa aikin gaggawa, saboda abin da ke kiyaye mafi ƙarancin matsin lamba koda a cikin ramin buɗe buɗe, kuma abin hawa zai iya tafiya tare da ƙuntatawa.

1 - tashar samar da kayayyaki, 2 - bawul na mazugi, 3 - ramuka masu gudana, 4 - piston, 5 - bazara mai matsawa, 6 - tsayawa, 7 - jikin bawul, 8 - dawo da mai.

Flow ƙuntatawa

An ɗora wannan ɓangaren a kan tanki mai matsa lamba kuma man fetur yana gudana ta cikin shi zuwa masu injectors. Kowane bututun ƙarfe yana da nasa mai hana kwarara ruwa. Makasudin mai hana kwararar kwararar ruwa shine don hana zubar da man fetur a yayin da aka samu gazawar allurar. Wannan shine yanayin idan yawan man da aka yi amfani da shi na ɗaya daga cikin masu yin allura ya wuce iyakar adadin da aka yarda da shi wanda masana'anta suka saita. A tsari, madaidaicin magudanar ruwa ya ƙunshi jikin ƙarfe mai zaren guda biyu, ɗaya don hawa kan tanki, ɗayan kuma don murɗa bututun matsa lamba zuwa nozzles. Piston da ke ciki ana matse shi da tankin mai ta wani marmaro. Tana iya ƙoƙarinta don ganin ta buɗe tashar. Lokacin aiki na injector, matsa lamba ya ragu, wanda ke motsa piston zuwa wurin fita, amma ba ya rufe gaba daya. Lokacin da bututun ƙarfe ya yi aiki da kyau, raguwar matsa lamba yana faruwa cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, kuma bazara ta dawo da piston zuwa matsayinsa na asali. A cikin yanayin rashin aiki, lokacin da man fetur ya wuce ƙimar da aka saita, raguwar matsa lamba yana ci gaba har sai ya wuce ƙarfin bazara. Sa'an nan fistan ya tsaya a kan wurin zama a gefen fitarwa kuma ya kasance a wannan matsayi har sai injin ya tsaya. Wannan yana kashe isar da mai zuwa ga allurar da ta gaza kuma yana hana kwararar mai cikin ɗakin konewa mara ƙarfi. Koyaya, madaidaicin kwararar mai shima yana aiki idan aka sami matsala lokacin da aka sami ɗan zubewar mai. A wannan lokacin, fistan ya dawo, amma ba zuwa matsayinsa na asali ba kuma bayan wani lokaci - adadin alluran ya kai ga sirdi kuma ya dakatar da samar da man fetur zuwa bututun da ya lalace har sai injin ya kashe.

1 - haɗin tarawa, 2 - saka kullewa, 3 - piston, 4 - bazara mai matsawa, 5 - gidaje, 6 - haɗi tare da injectors.

Na'urar firikwensin mai

Na'urar kula da injin tana amfani da firikwensin matsa lamba don tantance matsi nan take a cikin tankin mai. Dangane da ƙimar ma'aunin da aka auna, firikwensin yana haifar da siginar wutar lantarki, wanda sashin sarrafawa ke kimantawa. Mafi mahimmancin ɓangaren firikwensin shine diaphragm, wanda yake a ƙarshen tashar samar da wutar lantarki kuma an danna shi da man fetur da aka kawo. Ana sanya kashi na semiconductor akan membrane a matsayin abin ji. Abun ji yana ƙunshe da resistors na roba wanda aka yi tururi akan diaphragm a haɗin gada. Ana ƙayyade kewayon ma'auni ta hanyar kauri na diaphragm (mafi girman diaphragm, mafi girman matsa lamba). Yin matsa lamba ga membrane zai sa ta lanƙwasa (kimanin 20-50 micrometers a 150 MPa) kuma don haka canza juriya na masu tsayayyar roba. Lokacin da juriya ya canza, ƙarfin lantarki a cikin kewaye yana canzawa daga 0 zuwa 70 mV. Ana ƙara ƙarfin wannan ƙarfin a cikin da'irar kimantawa zuwa kewayon 0,5 zuwa 4,8 V. Ƙimar wutar lantarki na firikwensin shine 5 V. A takaice dai, wannan nau'in yana canza nakasar zuwa siginar lantarki, wanda aka gyara - haɓaka kuma daga can yana tafiya. zuwa sashin kulawa don kimantawa, inda aka ƙididdige yawan man fetur ta amfani da madaidaicin da aka adana. Idan akwai sabani, ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar bawul mai sarrafa matsi. Matsin yana kusan dindindin kuma mai zaman kanta daga kaya da sauri.

1 - haɗin wutar lantarki, 2 - da'irar kimantawa, 3 - diaphragm tare da nau'in ganewa, 4 - babban matsi mai dacewa, 5 - zaren hawa.

Mai kula da matsa lamba mai - bawul mai sarrafawa

Kamar yadda aka ambata riga, shi wajibi ne don kula da wani m matsa lamba a cikin matsa lamba tank tank, ba tare da la'akari da load, engine gudun, da dai sauransu Aiki na kayyade shi ne cewa idan ƙananan man fetur da ake bukata, da ball bawul a cikin mai sarrafa ya buɗe kuma wuce gona da iri yana jagorantar layin dawowa zuwa tankin mai. Sabanin haka, idan matsa lamba a cikin tankin mai ya ragu, bawul ɗin yana rufewa kuma famfo yana gina ƙarfin man da ake buƙata. Mai kula da matsa lamba na man fetur yana samuwa ko dai akan famfo na allura ko a kan tankin mai. Bawul ɗin sarrafawa yana aiki a hanyoyi biyu, bawul ɗin yana kunne ko a kashe. A cikin yanayin rashin aiki, solenoid ba ya da kuzari kuma don haka solenoid ba shi da wani tasiri. An danna ball ball a cikin wurin zama kawai ta hanyar ƙarfin bazara, ƙarfin da ya dace da matsa lamba na kimanin 10 MPa, wanda shine matsi na budewar man fetur. Idan an yi amfani da wutar lantarki na lantarki zuwa na'urar lantarki - halin yanzu, yana fara aiki a kan armature tare da bazara kuma yana rufe bawul saboda matsa lamba akan ƙwallon. Bawul ɗin yana rufewa har sai an kai ma'auni tsakanin ƙarfin ƙarfin man fetur a gefe ɗaya da solenoid da bazara a daya bangaren. Sa'an nan kuma yana buɗewa kuma yana kula da matsi akai-akai a matakin da ake so. Ƙungiyar sarrafawa tana amsawa ga canje-canjen matsa lamba da aka haifar, a gefe guda, ta hanyar sauye-sauyen adadin man da aka kawo da kuma janyewar nozzles, ta hanyar buɗe bawul mai sarrafawa ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Don canza matsa lamba, ƙasa ko fiye na halin yanzu yana gudana ta hanyar solenoid (ayyukan sa ko dai yana ƙaruwa ko raguwa), don haka ƙwallon yana ƙara ko ƙasa da turawa cikin wurin zama. Rail ɗin gama gari na ƙarni na farko ya yi amfani da matsa lamba mai daidaita bawul DRV1, ƙarni na biyu da na uku an shigar da bawul ɗin DRV2 ko DRV3 tare da na'urar aunawa. Godiya ga ka'idodin matakai biyu, akwai ƙarancin dumama mai, wanda baya buƙatar ƙarin sanyaya a cikin ƙarin mai sanyaya mai.

1 - bawul ball, 2 - solenoid armature, 3 - solenoid, 4 - bazara.

Na'urorin firikwensin zafin jiki

Ana amfani da firikwensin zafin jiki don auna zafin zafin injiniya dangane da zafin jiki mai sanyaya, yawan cajin zafin iska mai yawa, zafin mai na injin a cikin bututun man shafawa, da zafin mai a layin mai. Ka'idar auna waɗannan na'urori masu auna firikwensin shine canji a juriya na lantarki wanda hauhawar zafin jiki ke haifarwa. Ana canza ƙarfin wutan lantarki na 5 V ta hanyar canza juriya, sannan a canza shi a cikin mai canza dijital daga siginar analog zuwa siginar dijital. Sannan ana aika wannan siginar zuwa sashin sarrafawa, wanda ke lissafin zafin da ya dace daidai da halayyar da aka bayar.

Matsayin crankshaft da firikwensin sauri

Wannan firikwensin yana gano madaidaicin matsayi da saurin injin da ya haifar a minti daya. Yana da firikwensin Hall Hall wanda ke kan crankshaft. Na'urar firikwensin tana aika siginar lantarki zuwa naúrar sarrafawa, wanda ke kimanta wannan ƙimar wutar lantarki, misali, don fara (ko ƙare) allurar mai, da dai sauransu Idan firikwensin bai yi aiki ba, injin ɗin ba zai fara aiki ba.

Matsayin Camshaft da firikwensin sauri

Na'urar firikwensin saurin camshaft yana aiki kama da firikwensin saurin crankshaft kuma ana amfani dashi don tantance wane piston yake a tsakiyar matattu. Ana buƙatar wannan gaskiyar don sanin ainihin lokacin kunna wutar injunan mai. Bugu da kari, ana amfani da shi don tantance zamewar bel na lokaci ko tsallakewar sarkar da lokacin fara injin, lokacin da na'urar sarrafa injin ta tantance ta yin amfani da wannan firikwensin yadda dukkan injin crank-coupling-piston a zahiri ke juyawa a farkon. A cikin yanayin injuna tare da VVT, ana amfani da tsarin lokaci mai canzawa don tantance aiki na variator. Injin na iya wanzuwa ba tare da wannan firikwensin ba, amma ana buƙatar firikwensin saurin crankshaft, sannan an raba camshaft da saurin crankshaft a cikin rabo na 1: 2. Game da injin dizal, wannan firikwensin yana taka rawar farawa ne kawai a farawa. -up, gaya ECU (naúrar sarrafawa), wanda piston ya fara a saman matattu cibiyar (wanda piston ke kan matsawa ko shayewar bugun jini lokacin motsawa zuwa tsakiyar matattu). tsakiya). Wannan na iya zama ba a bayyane ba daga firikwensin matsayi na crankshaft a farawa, amma yayin da injin ke gudana, bayanin da aka karɓa daga wannan firikwensin ya riga ya isa sosai. Godiya ga wannan, injin diesel har yanzu ya san matsayin pistons da bugun jini, koda kuwa firikwensin akan camshaft ya gaza. Idan wannan firikwensin ya gaza, abin hawa ba zai fara ba ko zai ɗauki lokaci mai tsawo don farawa. Kamar yadda ya faru a cikin gazawar firikwensin a kan crankshaft, a nan fitilar faɗakarwa mai sarrafa injin a kan sashin kayan aiki yana haskakawa. Yawancin lokaci abin da ake kira Hall Sensor.