Fatan 'yan saman jannati

A 'yan watanni da suka wuce, da Eagleworks dakin gwaje-gwaje, located a Lyndon B. Johnson Space Flight Center a Houston, ya tabbatar da aiki na EmDrive engine, wanda ya kamata ya karya daya daga cikin muhimman dokokin kimiyyar lissafi - dokar kiyaye lokaci. Daga nan ne aka tabbatar da sakamakon gwajin a cikin sarari (1), wanda ya kori masu shakkar daya daga cikin gardama kan wannan fasaha.

1. Hoton gwaje-gwajen injin Fetty da aka dakatar a kan pendulum a cikin injina.

Sai dai har yanzu masu sukar sun yi nuni da cewa sabanin rahotannin kafafen yada labarai. NASA Har yanzu ba a tabbatar da cewa injin yana aiki da gaske ba.

Misali, kurakurai na gwaji ya haifar, musamman, ta hanyar fitar da kayan da ke cikin tsarin tuƙi na EmDrive - ko kuma Cannae Drive, saboda abin da mai zanen Amurka Guido Fetta ya kira sigarsa ta EmDrive ke nan.

Daga ina wannan gudu ya fito?

A halin yanzu ana amfani injuna a cikin jiragen sama suna buƙatar fitar da iskar gas daga bututun ƙarfe, wanda hakan ya sa jirgin ya yi birgima ta wata hanya dabam. Injin da ba ya buƙatar irin wannan iskar gas zai zama babban ci gaba.

A halin yanzu, ko da jirgin ya sami damar yin amfani da makamashin hasken rana mara iyaka, kamar yadda lamarin yake lantarki ion injuna, don yin aiki yana buƙatar man fetur, wanda albarkatunsa ya iyakance.

EmDrive asalinsa shi ne ɗan wasan Roger Scheuer (2), ɗaya daga cikin fitattun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun jiragen sama na Turai. Ya gabatar da wannan zane a cikin nau'in kwandon kwandon shara (3).

Ɗayan ƙarshen resonator yana da faɗi fiye da ɗayan, kuma ana zaɓar girmansa ta hanyar da za a ba da amsa ga igiyoyin lantarki na wani tsayi.

A sakamakon haka, waɗannan raƙuman ruwa, suna yaduwa zuwa ƙarshen ƙarshen, yakamata su hanzarta, kuma su rage zuwa ƙarshen kunkuntar.

Ana sa ran cewa, sakamakon saurin motsi daban-daban, gaban igiyoyin igiyar ruwa za su yi matsin lamba daban-daban a kan ɓangarorin na'urar resonator daban-daban kuma ta haka ne za su haifar da bugun da ba zero ba wanda ke motsa jirgin.

To, Newton, muna da matsala! Domin bisa ga ilimin kimiyyar lissafi mun sani, idan ba a yi amfani da ƙarin ƙarfi ba, ƙarfin ba shi da ikon girma. A ka'ida, EmDrive yana aiki ta amfani da abin mamaki na matsa lamba na radiation. Gudun rukuni na igiyoyin lantarki, don haka ƙarfin da yake ƙirƙira, na iya dogara ne akan joometry na waveguide wanda yake yaduwa.

A cewar Scheuer ra'ayin, idan ka gina conical waveguide ta hanyar da cewa gudun da igiyar ruwa a daya gefen ya bambanta sosai da gudun daga cikin sauran karshen, to, ta hanyar nuna wannan kalaman tsakanin iyakar biyu, za ka samu. bambanci a matsa lamba radiation, watau. isasshiyar ƙarfi don cimma buri (4).

A cewar Scheuer, EmDrive baya karya ka'idojin kimiyyar lissafi, amma yana amfani da ka'idar Einstein - injin yana cikin wani tsari na daban fiye da kalaman "aiki" a cikinsa. Har ya zuwa yanzu, ƙananan samfuran EmDrive ne kawai waɗanda ke da ƙarfi a cikin kewayon micronewton an gina su.

Kamar yadda kake gani, ba kowa ba ne nan da nan ya watsar da wannan ra'ayi yayin da aka ƙirƙiri sabbin samfura. Misali, wata babbar cibiyar bincike irin ta jami'ar Xi'an Northwest Polytechnic ta kasar Sin ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da suka haifar da samar da injin samfuri mai karfin 720 micronewton.

Wataƙila ba su da yawa, amma ana amfani da wasu daga cikinsu a ciki astronautics, ion injuna ba sa haifar da komai. Sigar EmDrive da NASA ta gwada aikin mai zanen Ba’amurke Guido Fetti ne. Gwaje-gwajen Vacuum na pendulum ya tabbatar da cewa yana samun karfin 30-50 micronewtons.

Shin an juyar da ka'idar kiyayewa? Wataƙila a'a. Kwararrun NASA sun yi bayanin yadda injin ke aiki, daidai, ta hanyar mu'amala da barbashi na kwayoyin halitta da antimatter, wadanda ke halaka juna a cikin vacuum, sannan kuma suna halaka juna. Yanzu da aka nuna na'urar tana aiki, zai dace a bincika yadda EmDrive ke aiki.

3. Ɗaya daga cikin ƙirar injin EmDrive

Wanene bai fahimci dokokin kimiyyar lissafi ba?

Ƙarfin da samfuran da aka gina ya zuwa yanzu ba za su kashe ku ba, kodayake kamar yadda muka ambata, wasu daga cikin ion injuna suna aiki a cikin kewayon micronewton.

4. EmDrive - tsarin aiki

A cewar Scheuer, turawa a cikin EmDrive na iya ƙaruwa sosai ta hanyar amfani da na'urori masu ƙarfi.

Duk da haka, in ji John P. Costelli, wani sanannen masanin kimiyyar lissafi na Australiya, Scheuer “bai fahimci dokokin kimiyyar lissafi ba” kuma ya yi, tare da wasu abubuwa, babban kuskure domin bai yi la’akari da ƙarfin da radiation ke yi ba. a gefen bangon resonator.

Wani bayani da aka buga a shafin yanar gizon Shawyer's Satellite Propulsion Research Ltd ya bayyana cewa wannan kadan ne. Duk da haka, masu suka sun ƙara da cewa ba a buga ka'idar Scheuer a kowace mujallar kimiyya da takwarorinsu suka yi bita ba.

Abu mafi ban sha'awa shine watsi da ka'idodin kiyayewa na motsi, ko da yake Scheuer da kansa ya yi iƙirarin cewa aikin motar ba ya keta shi kwata-kwata. Gaskiyar ita ce, marubucin na'urar bai riga ya buga wani aiki guda ɗaya a kanta ba a cikin mujallar da aka yi nazari a kan takwarorinsu.

Littattafai kawai sun bayyana a cikin shahararrun jaridu, gami da. a cikin The New Scientist. An soki editocinsa saboda yanayin labarin. Bayan wata daya, mawallafin ya buga bayanai da ... ba da hakuri ga rubutun da aka buga.