Motocin mota da alamominsu

An yi amfani da gyare-gyare a cikin masana'antar kera motoci fiye da shekaru 70 kuma suna yin aikin ba kawai kayan ado ba. Game da abin da gyare-gyare suke, menene manufar su, yadda za a zabi da kuma makala su a kan mota - karanta a kan.

Menene gyaran mota

Molding wani nau'i ne na kayan ado na jiki, wanda shine nau'i na filastik, karfe (chrome-plated) ko roba mai wuya, wanda yake tare da tagogi, jiki da abubuwansa. Ana shigar da gyare-gyare akai-akai, kuma akwai kuma gawarwakin duniya don kare aikin fenti, waɗanda ke manne a wurare masu rauni a fili. 

Menene gyare-gyare don

Gyara motocin yana ɗauke da ma'ana mai kyau, an tsara shi don rufe wurare tare da ƙarin rata tsakanin interpanel, kazalika da rata tsakanin gilashi da jiki, yana rufe ratar da ke cike da manne. Aikin kare jiki ana yin shi ta hanyar gyare-gyaren gefen da aka sanya tare da ƙofofi (a tsakiya da ƙasa), a kusurwar masu tsalle-tsalle da kuma bayanan martaba.

Fasali na gyare-gyare:

• gilashin - yana kare ciki da ciki na jiki daga danshi da lalata;
• a kan shinge da shinge - yana kare waɗannan wurare daga karce, kuma ba ya ƙyale ɓangarorin datti su tara;
• a kan kofofin - gyare-gyare a cikin launi na jiki suna haifar da sakamako mai ban sha'awa na girma da daidaitawar jiki, an yi su da filastik kuma an haɗa su tare da shirye-shiryen bidiyo. Kayan gyaran gyare-gyaren da ba su da fenti suna kare fenti daga karce, wanda ke da amfani musamman lokacin ajiye motoci da ƙananan tazara tsakanin wata mota ko wani abu. Har ila yau, wannan maganin yana guje wa samuwar hakora;
• rufin rufi - kare kariya daga shigar da danshi da lalata a cikin magudanar ruwa, yin aiki a matsayin magudanar ruwa da kuma daidaita abubuwan da aka tsara na rufin.

Ire-iren nau'ikan strix akan mota

Idan ka yanke shawarar shigar da ƙarin gyare-gyaren, kana buƙatar sanin nau'ikan tube masu zuwa, wanda aka nuna a ƙasa.

Rabawa ta hanyar amfani da masana'anta

1. Bayanan jigilar kaya - yawancin waɗannan zaɓuɓɓuka an yi su ne don shigarwa a kan shirye-shiryen bidiyo, rage girman lokacin shigarwa, duk da haka, akwai haɗarin rashin dacewa da jirgin sama, saboda abin da datti da danshi zai toshe cikin wannan rami, wanda ya haifar da lalata.
2. Tare da tashar ruwan sama - a cikin ciki na rufi akwai tashar jagora don zubar da ruwa a cikin magudanar ruwa. Wannan gyare-gyare ne na musamman don gilashin gilashi da taga na baya. An saka akan shirye-shiryen bidiyo kawai.
3. Wurin buɗaɗɗen rabin buɗaɗɗen yanki ne mai siffa U guda ɗaya wanda ke kare gefen jiki, yana rufe jujjuyawar tsakanin sashin jiki da gilashin, kuma yana ɗaukar ma'ana mai kyau.
4. Duniya. Ana iya shigar da shi gaba ɗaya kowace mota. Ari da, irin waɗannan gyare-gyaren suna a farashi mai sauƙi, galibi suna manne da kansu. Sau da yawa ana girka su maimakon tsohuwar gyare-gyaren saboda rashin yiwuwar shigar da guda ɗaya, kuma a wasu wuraren da ƙirar ba ta samar da su ba.

Rarrabuwa ta hanyar ɗaukar hoto

Moldings sun kasu kashi kamar haka:

• mai gefe hudu - don gilashin iska, wani bangare ne na monolithic wanda aka sanya tare da gilashin, kimanin mita 4.5 a girman;
• mai gefe uku - kuma ana amfani dashi don gilashin iska, amma saboda matsalolin shigarwa a cikin yanki na hawa makamai masu gogewa, ba a samar da ƙananan ɓangaren ba. Matsakaicin tsayin mita 3;
• gefe, ƙananan da babba - wani nau'i ne na roba mai wuyar gaske, ƙananan da babba ana amfani da su don rufe gilashin gilashi tare da kusurwoyi madaidaici, kuma gefen gefe sau da yawa filastik, wani lokacin suna taka rawa na biyu, suna haifar da tasirin iska;
• hade - shi ne kit don sauƙaƙe shigarwa, wanda aka tanadar don lokuta inda ba zai yiwu ba ko da wuya a shigar da mashin monolithic.

Misalai na Gabaɗaya

Irin wannan gyare-gyaren sun dace da kowane mota. Suna da tsayi daban-daban, fadi da siffofi. Saboda wannan, irin waɗannan abubuwan kayan ado suna ba ku damar ƙirƙirar ƙirar mota ta musamman lokacin yin aiki gyara na gani.

Sau da yawa ana yin gyare-gyare na duniya da filastik, ƙasa da yawa da ƙarfe. Yawancin zaɓuɓɓuka an haɗa su da mota tare da tef mai gefe biyu, amma akwai kuma nau'in kayan ado na kayan ado wanda aka haɗa tare da rivets ko shirye-shiryen filastik na musamman.

Abubuwan gyare-gyare na duniya sun fi rahusa fiye da takwarorinsu na asali, saboda abin da masu motoci suka fi son siyan irin waɗannan kayan. Rashin lahani na irin waɗannan samfurori shine ƙananan kayan aiki daga abin da aka yi su. Don yin rahusa samfurin, masana'antun suna yin shi daga madadin butyl roba.

A wasu lokuta, don salon mota, masu mota suna siyan gyare-gyaren gini. An yi su ne da aluminum kuma suna ba da kansu da kyau don ƙarin sarrafawa (za su iya zama nakasu don dacewa da kwandon saman da za a manna). Idan mai sana'a ya tsunduma cikin yin ado da mota, sakamakon shigar da gyare-gyaren gini, abin hawa na iya zama mai kyau.

Alamar alama

Kowane nau'in gyare-gyare yana da alamar kansa. Da fari dai, waɗannan ƙididdiga suna ba ku damar sanin wane ɓangaren motar waɗannan abubuwan ado ake nufi da su. Abu na biyu, ta alamomin, mai motar zai iya fahimtar abin da irin waɗannan sassa aka yi. Godiya ga wannan, ya fahimci abin da za'a iya sarrafa shi, alal misali, kafin zane-zane ko lokacin tsaftacewa daga bitumen da ke manne da jiki lokacin tuki a lokacin rani akan hanyoyi tare da rashin ingancin kwalta.

Gajarta ma'anar

Tun da an yi gyare-gyaren mota daga abubuwa daban-daban, kowannensu yana samun gajeriyarsa, don haka za ku iya sanin wane nau'in kayan ado don shigar da motar ku.

Anan akwai alamar gama gari da ke nuna nau'in gyare-gyare:

• PVC Mld - PVC kayan samarwa ko polymer roba;
• TPR - roba thermoplastic;
• Tare da Butyl Mld - abun da ke ciki na kayan da aka yi da kashi ya hada da butyl;
• EPDM - abun da ke ciki na kayan ya hada da roba da ethylene-propylene. Wannan abu yana da matukar damuwa ga radiation ultraviolet, sinadarai da kuma canjin zafin jiki mai karfi (-50 + 120 digiri);
• Cavity Mld - siffar samfurin yana da tsarin magudanar ruwa;
• Ƙarƙashin Mld - ɓoyayyun gyare-gyare (cire tare da jikin mota);
• Tare da Detail Strip Mld - tare da tsiri na ado;
• Encapsulation Mld wani masana'anta gyare-gyare ne wanda aka samar tare da gilashi don takamaiman samfurin mota.

Wasu rarrabuwa

A cikin ɓangarorin motoci da kasuwar na'urorin haɗi, galibi ana iya samun baƙar fata gyare-gyare. Suna iya zama m ko matte. Mafi wuya, amma mai yiwuwa, don nemo gyare-gyare masu sassauƙa. Rarraba waɗannan abubuwan kayan ado yana dogara ne akan wurin shigarwa.

Ga mahimman nau'ikan gyare-gyaren mota:

1. Kofa. Ainihin, ana shigar da waɗannan abubuwan akan sassa na ƙofofin don kariya daga tasiri. Bugu da ƙari, don kare aikin fenti, irin waɗannan abubuwa suna ba da asali na mota.
2. Ga masu bumpers. Irin waɗannan abubuwa ana yin su ne da filastik, ƙasa da yawa na roba. Baya ga maƙasudin salon salo, suna kare bumpers na filastik daga lalacewa yayin ƙananan tasiri. Sau da yawa, waɗannan gyare-gyaren ana yin su a cikin irin salon da zaɓuɓɓukan ƙofa don dacewa da ƙirar motar.
3. Don tabarau. Wadannan gyare-gyare galibi ana yin su ne da roba domin su dace da gilashin. Baya ga yin ado da mota, irin waɗannan abubuwa suna ba da ƙarin kariya daga shigar ruwa tsakanin gilashin da jiki.
4. Don rufin. Ana shigar da waɗannan sassa a cikin magudanar rufin rufin kuma suna iya zama abin gamawa gabaɗayan salo na gyare-gyaren da aka yi amfani da su akan motar.
5. Ga sauran sassan jiki. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya shigar da ƙananan sassa a kan ƙofofi, maƙallan ƙafafu, masu shinge. Baya ga manufar salo, ana iya shigar da gyare-gyare na wannan nau'in don kare jiki daga tasirin ƙananan duwatsu yayin tuƙi mota ko sinadarai waɗanda ke yayyafa hanya a cikin hunturu. Amma sau da yawa irin waɗannan abubuwa ana shigar da su ta hanyar masu siyar da marasa gaskiya don ɓoye lalacewar aikin fenti na jiki.

Wani ɓangare na motar don sakawa

Dogaro da yanayi, ana sanya abubuwan gyare-gyare a wurare masu zuwa:

• kofofi. Yawanci, ana amfani da tube na filastik a ƙasan tsakiyar ƙofar, wanda ya fi sauƙi ga lalacewa. Irin waɗannan gyare-gyaren suna ɗaukar ƙananan tasiri, suna kare aikin fenti;
• damina. An girka akan damina ta hanyar liƙawa, ana yin shigarwa tare da maɓallin filastik, yin filin ajiye motoci a cikin matsatattun wurare ba mai hatsari ba ga zanen fenti;
• gilashi. Ana amfani da bangarori maimakon wadanda suka lalace don magudanar ruwa, kare gilashi, da kuma rufe gibin da ke tsakanin sassan jikin.

Rushewa

Rage gyare-gyare a lokuta da yawa:

• Lokacin da akwai sha'awar shigar da mafi kyawun sigar kayan kayan ado;
• Idan tsatsar jiki ta bayyana a ƙarƙashin gyare-gyaren;
• Idan wani ɓangare na kayan ado ya karye, misali, lokacin wanka mara kyau ko lokacin haɗari.

Ana iya dawo da wasu gyare-gyare ta hanyar sake fentin su. Amma sau da yawa waɗannan abubuwan kayan ado suna maye gurbinsu kawai da sababbi. Idan kana buƙatar gyara gyaran gyare-gyaren, to, an tsaftace shi da datti, jikin yana manne a kusa da gyare-gyaren kuma an yi amfani da launi na fenti.

Amma idan ya zama dole don maye gurbin kayan ado tare da sabon abu, to da farko ya zama dole don gano yadda aka gyara su a jiki. Lokacin amfani da rivets (mafi yawan matosai na filastik waɗanda aka zare ta cikin sandar kuma a saka su kai tsaye cikin ramin da ke cikin jiki), an yanke su daga ciki na ƙofar ko shinge ko kuma kawai a karye.

Yana da ɗan sauƙi don cire gyare-gyaren gyarawa tare da manne. Ana iya wargaza su ta hanyoyi biyu:

1. Tare da taimakon dumama. Domin gyare-gyaren ya bazu daga saman jiki, dole ne a yi zafi da na'urar bushewa ta gida. Gina, ko da yake yana da kyau a jimre wa dumama filastik, amma yana iya lalata aikin fenti na mota. Lokacin da zafi, ana cire gyare-gyaren a hankali daga saman.
2. Tare da taimakon kaushi. Ana amfani da wannan hanyar kafin a sake canza jikin motar, idan tsohon gyare-gyaren za a mayar da shi zuwa wurinsa. Lokacin sarrafa tushe mai mannewa tare da sauran ƙarfi, kuna buƙatar yin hankali kada ku lalata aikin fenti.

Gyare kafa

Don shigar da motar motar da aka ƙera, dole ne a fara shirya farfajiya da farko. Ana yin wannan ta hanyar wanke yankin manne tare da kumfa, bushewa, da kuma bayan degreasing. Yana da mahimmanci ayi amfani da gyare-gyaren inganci, kuma zaɓi waɗanda suke da kyakkyawar amsawa.

Yadda ake manne sashi 

Mai zuwa jerin mahadi ne waɗanda aka ba da shawarar don lika kayan kwalliyar:

• manne cyanoacrylic. Ofaya daga cikin mahimman hanyoyin shine tef na ruwa, wanda ya dace da manna sassa akan samfuran ƙarfe da gilashi. Yana da mahimmanci a guji zubewa cikin wuraren da ba a so, saboda yana da matuƙar wahala cire wannan manne;
• gilashin hatimi. Za a iya amfani da shi don sauran ɗigogi, amma tare da gyare-gyare na gaba tare da tef;
• ruwa ƙusa Yana buƙatar latsa dogon lokaci na ɓangaren don manne shi zuwa farfajiya;
• Tef mai fuska biyu. Ya dace da manne kayan jikin duniya;
• manne lokacin. An bayar da daidaitattun jerin, an gyara sassan dindindin don a manna su.

Ribobi da rashin amfani na haɗin kai

Saboda sauƙin shigarwa, ana iya shigar da gyare-gyare a kan injin da kanka. Dangane da nau'in sashi da yadda aka amintar da shi, aikin na iya buƙatar:

• Gina ko bushewar gashi na gida;
• Screwdriver ko rawar jiki tare da bututun ƙarfe, wanda za a cire tsohuwar tef ɗin mannewa;
• Yana nufin rage yanayin da aka bi da shi;
• Ƙananan spatula;
• Alamar alama (yana da mahimmanci cewa za'a iya wanke shi - don haka ba za a sami alamun alamar ba bayan liƙa gyare-gyare);
• Tef ɗin manne mai gefe guda biyu (idan ana amfani da madaidaicin masana'anta akan samfurin, sau da yawa bai isa ba, kuma bayan lokaci gyare-gyaren zai cire) maimakon na yau da kullun;
• Tsaftace tsumma don danna gyare-gyaren ba da yatsun hannu ba.

Babban fa'idar haɗin kai na gyare-gyare shine ƙarancin farashi na hanya. Mai motar yana buƙatar kashe kuɗi kawai don siyan kayan ado da tef ɗin m. Za a iya samun sauran kayan aiki da kayan aiki a gida (kowane gida yana da rawar jiki, spatula da barasa don ragewa).

Amma tare da sauƙin shigarwa, gyare-gyaren gyare-gyaren kai yana da rashin amfani da yawa. Rashin kula da tsofaffin abubuwa na iya haifar da lalacewa ga aikin fenti. Idan lalata ta bayyana a ƙarƙashin fenti, to fentin zai bare tare da gyare-gyaren. Irin wannan lalacewar tabbas zai buƙaci gyara kafin shigar da sabon kayan ado.

Shin kaya na iya wuce gona da iri?

Idan muka yi magana game da manyan kaya, to kowace ƙasa na iya samun nata hani da bayani. Don haka, a cikin ƙasa na ƙasashen CIS don jigilar kaya mai nauyi akwai wata doka mai mahimmanci: nauyinsa bai kamata ya wuce ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyin da aka nuna a cikin wallafe-wallafen fasaha na tirela ko motar kanta ba.

Motoci guda ɗaya suna da nasu hani. Idan motar fasinja ce, to, nauyin ya kamata ya wuce mita ɗaya a gaban tirela, kuma a baya ya wuce mita 1.5. Nisa na kaya mai girma a cikin wannan yanayin bai kamata ya zama fadi fiye da 2.65m ba. A wasu lokuta, ana ɗaukar kayan da yawa, kuma dole ne a yi jigilar shi da motoci na musamman, misali, motar da ke kwance ko tarakta.

Bidiyo akan batun

A ƙarshe - wani ɗan gajeren bidiyo game da yadda ake shigar da gyare-gyare a kan motar:

YADDA AKE GYARA DA SAUQI DOMIN HANYAR MULKI AKAN TAFAR MATA 3M A MOTA, SIRRIN WANDA BA MAI SANA'A BA.

Tambayoyi & Amsa:

Menene gyaran mota? Wannan daki-daki ne na kayan ado, wanda yake shi ne mai rufi a kan nau'in jiki, alal misali, a kan baka na fuka-fuki ko a ƙofar.

Menene gyare-gyaren iska? Wannan sigar robobi ce mai cire ruwa wacce za'a iya gyara duka akan gilashin kanta da kuma ƙarƙashin hatiminsa.

Me yasa gyaran mota? A zahiri daga Turanci, ana fassara wannan magana azaman gyare-gyare. A cikin mota, wannan kashi na iya yin duka kayan ado da kariya (hana ruwan sama daga shiga ciki ta hanyar bude taga).